978 93 5199 818 1 New - Rangoli TM 08

f'k{kd&n£'kdk ,oa vH;kl&if=kdk
8
ysf[kdk,¡
xhrk cqn~f/jktk MkWú fla/q ehjpankuh
(,eú,ú] chú,Mú) (,eú,ú] ih&,púMhú)
U;w ljLorh gkml (bafM;k) izkúfyú

ubZ fnYyh&110002 (bafM;k)
Second Floor, MGM Tower, 19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)
Phone : +91-11-43556600
Fax : +91-11-43556688
E-mail : delhi@saraswatihouse.com
Website : www.saraswatihouse.com
CIN : U22110DL2013PTC262320
Import-Export Licence No. 0513086293
Branches:
• Ahmedabad (079) 22160722 • Bengaluru (080) 26619880, 26676396
• Bhopal +91-7554003654 • Chennai (044) 28416531 • Dehradun 09837452852
• Guwahati (0361) 2457198• Hyderabad (040) 42615566 • Jaipur (0141) 4006022
• Jalandhar (0181) 4642600, 4643600 • Kochi (0484) 4033369 • Kolkata (033) 40042314
• Lucknow (0522) 4062517 • Mumbai (022) 28737050, 28737090
• Patna (0612) 2570403 • Ranchi (0651) 2244654
Revised edition 2016

Reprinted 2017
ISBN: 978-93-5199-818-1
Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.

19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)
The moral rights of the author has been asserted.
© Reserved with the Publishers

All rights reserved under the Copyright Act. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
transcribed, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or
computer, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical,
manual, photocopy or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Any
person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal
prosecution and civil claims for damages.
Printed at: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Sahibabad (Uttar Pradesh)
This book is meant for educational and learning purposes. The author(s) of the book has/
have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the contents of the book do not violate any
copyright or other intellectual property rights of any person in any manner whatsoever. In
the event the author(s) has/have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has
been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher in writing for any corrective action.
vkeq[k
jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk esa ;g lq>ko fn;k x;k gS fd cPpksa dks LowQyh thou osQ lkFk&lkFk
vkl&ikl osQ ckgjh thou ls Hkh tksM+uk pkfg,A ;g fln~/kar iqLrdh; Kku dh ml ijaijk osQ foijhr
gS] ftlosQ izHkkoo'k gekjh f'k{kk&O;oLFkk vkt rd LowQy vkSj ?kj osQ chp varjky cuk, gq, gSA ubZ
jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ ij vk/kfjr ikB~;Øe vkSj ml ikB~;Øe ij vk/kfjr gekjh ikB~;iqLrosaQ ,d uohu
izLrqfr gSa] tks cPpksa dks jVus dh izo`fRr osQ ?ksjs ls ckgj ys vk,¡xhA vk'kk gS] ;g iz;kl cky&osaQfnzr
O;oLFkk dks lkFkZd cukus esa liQy gksxkA
Hkk"kk dh ;ksX;rk vkSj dkS'ky osQ fy, pkj lksiku gSaµlquuk] cksyuk] i<+uk] fy[kukA lquuk vkSj
cksyuk rks cPpk ?kj esa jgdj gh lh[k ysrk gSA fon~;ky; esa mls i<+uk vkSj fy[kuk fl[kk;k tkrk gSA
;g dk;Z vè;kid@vè;kfidk djrs gSaA 'kqn~/ Hkk"kk vkSj orZuh lh[kuk rFkk fl[kkuk egRRoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA
cPpksa dh #fp rFkk LoHkko dks osaQnz esa j[kdj gekjk ,d iz;kl iqLrdh; Ükà[kyk osQ :i esa vkiosQ le{k
gS] ftldk uke geus ûbZ jaxksyh* j[kk gS] tks izosf'kdk ls ysdj vkBoha d{kk rd osQ fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ
fy, gSA gekjh bl dksf'k'k dks liQyrk rHkh feysxh] tc LowQyksa osQ izkpk;Z ,oa f'k{kdx.k cPpksa dks
fofHkUu jpukRed xfrfof/;ksa vkSj fØ;kdykiksa dh lgk;rk ls lh[kus dk ekSdk nsaxsA vHkh rd geus f'k{kk
osQ fofo/ lk/uksa ,oa Ïksrksa dh vuns[kh dj ikB~;iqLrd dks gh ijh{kk dk ,dek=k vk/kj cuk;k gSA
vk/qfudrk dh nkSM+ esa liQyrk rHkh feysxh tc ge cPpksa dks Lo;a lh[kus dk ekSdk nsaxsA
;g lgh gS fd fon~;ky; esa vuq'kklu dk ikyu djuk vfuok;Z gSA blosQ fy, le;&rkfydk dk
egRRoiw.kZ LFkku gS] ij ftu mn~ns';ksa dks osaQnz esa j[kdj ;g Ükà[kyk fufeZr dh xbZ gS] mlosQ fy, nSfud
le;&lkfj.kh esa yphykiu ykuk ”k:jh gS] rkfd cPps NksVs&NksVs lewg dks cukdj okrkZyki rFkk vU;
xfrfof/;ksa dk dk;kZUo;u Lo;a dj losaQA
ûbZ ja xksyh* Ükà[kyk dh i`"BHkwfe esa fufgr mn~ns'; dks cPpksa rd lgh <a x ls igq¡pkus osQ fy, f'k{kdksa
osQ fy, ^f'k{kd&nf'kZdk* dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA vk'kk gS] Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dh fn'kk esa fd;k x;k ;g
iz;kl mi;ksxh fln~/ gksxkA vuqHkoh f'k{kdksa rFkk fon~okuksa osQ lq>koksa dk Lokxr fd;k tk,xk] ftuls
Hkkoh la'kks/uksa esa enn feysxhA
µysf[kdk,¡
(iii)
fo"k;&lwph
1- og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
2- rkR;k Vksis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
3- lnkcgkj fe”kksje ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
4- thou dk >juk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
5- bZnxkg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32
6- esys dk m¡QV ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
7- bls txkvks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
8- rsjg rkjh[k vkSj 'kqØokj dk fnu ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
9- viuk&viuk HkkX; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61
10- thuk Hkh ,d dyk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
11- lnkpkj dk rkoh”k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
12- 'kkL=kh th ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 85
13- HkfDrjpuk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 92
14- vleFkZ nkrk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
15- esjh vkRedFkkµpkyhZ pSifyu ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106
16- euq"; dk Hkfo"; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 113
17- 'kkafr osQ nLr[kr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119
18- [kjxks'k dh ,d vkSj jsl ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 126
(iv)
1 og ns'k dkSu&lk gS
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) LoxZ osQ leku
([k) fgeky; dks
(x) ve`r&lk ehBk ty ysdj cgrh gSaA
(?k) lcls izFke txr esa tks lH; Fkk ;'kLoh
fyf[kr
1- (d) izkÑfrd n`f"V ls Hkkjr vR;f/d lqanj ns'k gSA Hkkjr eueksfguh izÑfr dh euksje xksn esa
clk ns'k gSA ;gk¡ ufn;k¡ ve`r dh /kjk cgk jgh gSa ftlls ehBs jl Hkjs iQyksa] esos] vukt
,oa lqxaf/r iwQy gesa izkIr gksrs gSaA
([k) fgeky; dks Hkkjr dk eLrd vkSj leqnz dks pj.k /ksus osQ :i esa n'kkZ;k gSA
(x) Hkkjr Hkwfe ij jlHkjs iQy] esos vkfn tks mxrs gSa og lc Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa osQ ve`r tSls
ty osQ dkj.k gh laHko gSA blfy, dfo us ufn;ksa oQks ^lq/k dh /kjk* dgk gSA
(?k) Hkkjr Hkwfe /u&/kU; ls Hkjiwj gSA pkjksa rjiQ gfj;kyh dk okrkoj.k gS] ehBs iQy&iwQyksa
ls /jrh Hkjh gqbZ gSA
2- (d) Hkkjrh;ksa dks (cPpksa dks)
([k) D;ksafd ;gha ls mUgksaus lkjs lq[kksa dks izkIr fd;k gSA
(x) ve`r osQ leku Js"B gSA
(?k) Hkkjr esa Ng Írq,¡ le;≤ ij vkdj izkÑfrd lkSan;Z esa o`n~f/ djrh gSaA dfo dk
dFku gS ,slh eueksgd Hkwfe dks ikdj ge Hkkjrh; izlUu D;ksa u gksaA
ewY;ijd iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
5
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) ufn;k¡ ([k) gfj;kfy;k¡ (x) Fkkfy;k¡ (?k) jhfr;k¡
(Ä) jkf'k;k¡ (p) tkfr;k¡ (N) Vksfi;k¡ (t) nsfo;k¡
2- (d) fueZy rsjk uhj ve`r osQ le mRre gSA
([k) dkty dh js[kk&lh drkj gS [ktwj dhA
(x) tes gq, /q,¡&lh igkM+h gS nwj dhA
(?k) eq[k Toky&lk cksf/r gqvkA
(Ä) rc rks cgrk le; f'kyk&lk te tk,xkA
3- (d) fnus'k (d) ln~Hkkouk
([k) lkses'k ([k) Hkxon~Hktu
(x) ijes'k (x) Hkxon~xhrk
(?k) ujs'k (?k) rn~Hko
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
vkb,] oqQN djsaA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
6
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

vuqozQekad % ---------------- fnukad % ---------------- vfHkHkkod % ---------------- 15
1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) Hkkjr fdldh xksn esa clk gqvk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) bl ns'k dks ^ve`r&ls* ty ls dkSu lhap jgk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) Hkkjr esa lqxaf/r iq"i D;k dj jgs gSa\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) Hkkjr Hkwfe dks lalkj esa f'kjksef.k D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ^Hkkjr flok; nwtk] og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\* dgdj dfo D;k Li"V djuk pkgrk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ^bZ* izR;; yxkdj u;k 'kCn cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

'kCn izR;; u;k 'kCn
(d) lq[k $ --------------- ¾ ----------------------------------
([k) lyksuk $ --------------- ¾ ----------------------------------
7
(x) nqykj $ --------------- ¾ ----------------------------------
(?k) jlhyk $ --------------- ¾ ----------------------------------
(Ä) Hkkjr $ --------------- ¾ ----------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5
(d) jRus'k ¾ ------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------

([k) izÑfr ¾ ------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------
(x) izlwu ¾ ------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------
(?k) f'kjksef.k ¾ ------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------
(Ä) ;'kLoh ¾ ------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------
8
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) eueksfguh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) jRus'k µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) txnh'k µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) dksfV&dksfV µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) fgeky; µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa milxZ yxkdj u;k 'kCn cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

milxZ 'kCn u;k 'kCn
(d) ---------------- $ Ñfr ¾ ----------------------------------
([k) ---------------- $ xa/ ¾ ----------------------------------
(x) ---------------- $ iwr ¾ ----------------------------------
(?k) ---------------- $ /kj ¾ ----------------------------------
(Ä) ---------------- $ var ¾ ----------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) lqanj µ ---------------------------- ([k) lq[k µ ----------------------------
(x) lqxa/ µ ---------------------------- (?k) izFke µ ----------------------------
(Ä) lq/k µ ----------------------------
9
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk&'kfDr ij vk/kfjr

1- Hkkjr esa vusd ns[kus ;ksX; LFkku gSaA fdUgha ik¡p dk uke fyf[k, rFkk nks&nks iafDr;ksa esa
mudh fo'ks"krk Hkh fyf[k,A 5

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- îatkc* dk uke iatkc oSQls iM+k\ mlesa fdu&fdu ufn;ksa dk laxe gksrk gS\ fyf[k,A 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) eueksfguh izÑfr dh
([k) bl ns'k dh ufn;k¡
(x) fnu&jkr g¡l jgs gSa vFkkZr~ f[kydj izÑfr dh 'kksHkk c<+krs gSaA
(?k) Hkkjr Hkwfe vuar&/u ls Hkjh iM+h gSA
(Ä) Hkkjr loZJs"B ns'k gS] fgeky; bldk eLrd gS] egklkxj blosQ ik¡o i[kkjrk gS] lqanj izÑfr
rFkk lH;rk dk Kku djkus okyk ;g izFke ns'k gSA
2- (d) lq[kh ([k) lyksuh (x) nqykjh (?k) jlhyh (Ä) Hkkjrh
3- (d) jRus'k ¾ j~ $ v $ r~ $ u~ $ , $ 'k~ $ v
([k) izÑfr ¾ i~ $ j~ $ v $ o~Q $ Í $ r~ $ b
(x) izlwu ¾ i~ $ j~ $ v $ l~ $ mQ $ u~ $ v
(?k) f'kjksef.k ¾ 'k~ $ b $ j~ $ vks $ e~ $ v $ .k~ $ b
(Ä) ;'kLoh ¾ ;~ $ v $ 'k~ $ v $ l~ $ o~ $ bZ
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) Hkkjr eueksfguh izÑfr oQh xksn esa clk gSA
([k) jRus'k fujarj Hkkjr osQ pj.k i[kkj jgk gSA
(x) bZ'oj dks txnh'k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
(?k) dksfV&dksfV Hkkjrh; Hkkjr osQ xkSjo dks c<+kus dk dk;Z djrs gSaA
(Ä) fgeky; Hkkjr dk j{kd gSA
2- (d) iz $ Ñfr ¾ izÑfr ([k) lq $ xa/ ¾ lqxa/ (x) d $ iwr ¾ diwr
(?k) vk $ /kj ¾ vk/kj (Ä) vu $ var ¾ vuar
3- (d) vlqanj] oqQ:i ([k) nq[k (x) nqx±/ (?k) vafre (Ä) xjy] ”kgj
rr
11
2 rkR;k Vksis
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) ,d o"kZ ls
([k) lkr lsuk,¡
(x) jktk ekuflag osQ
(?k) ljdkjh lSfud
(Ä) mlosQ LFkku ij ,d ohj dks usfi;j dks lkSai fn;k x;k FkkA
fyf[kr
1- (d) ehM osQ vuqlkj mlesa cM+s&cM+s deky vkSj gquj FksA ns'kizseh Fkk rks lHkh mldh lgk;rk
djus dks rS;kj jgrs FksA
([k) ehM us dgkµmldh ok.kh esa egku 'kfDr gS] og tgk¡ cksyrk gS] ozQkafr dh vkx iw¡Qd
nsrk gS] mlesa fctyh dh&lh iqQjrh gS vkSj cqn~f/ ls Hkh og vijkts; gSA
(x) rkR;k ,d cgknqj flikgh FkkA ns'kizseh FkhA mlosQ fy, ns'kfgr loksZifj FkkA vxj mudk
LokLF; fcxM+k u gksrk rks og fdlh dh Hkh 'kj.k esa u jgrsA
(?k) ehM us dgkµljdkj vkidks ikfjrksf"kd nsxh] jktdj Hkh ekiQ dj fn;k tk,xk rFkk vkiosQ
jkT; dks Hkh ,d Lora=k LFkk;h jkT; cuk fn;k tk,xkA bl izdkj osQ izyksHku nsdj jktk
ekuflag dks cjxykus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA
(Ä) vaxzs”kksa us jkt efgykvksa dks vius dCts esa ys fy;k vFkkZr~ mudk vigj.k dj fy;kA
(p) rkR;k us ns'k dks ,drk osQ lw=k esa ck¡èkus dk ladYi fy;k] Hkkjrh;ksa esa jk"Vªizse iw¡Qdus
dk ladYi fy;kA lkFk gh laU;klh os'k /kj.k dj Lo;a dks ns'k dks lefiZr djus dk Hkh
ladYi fy;kA
2- (d) û ([k) ü (x) ü (?k) û
3- (d) (i) rkR;k Vksis ([k) (i) ns'kHkDr (x) (ii) laj{k.k (?k) (iii) "kM~;a=k
ewY;ijd iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
12
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- fon~;ky; n'kkuu gFkdM+h ns'kizse
?kqM+nkSM+ vtkr'k=kq jlksbZ?kj x`gLokeh
HkjisV uojRu
2- ewy'kCn milxZ izR;; 'kCn
tho µ br thfor
ekuo µ rk ekuork
iqQliqQlkuk µ vkgV iqQliqQlkgV
Li/kZ izfr µ izfrLi/kZ
ikB lg bZ lgikBh
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
13
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) o"kZ Hkj ls usfi;j fdldk ihNk dj jgk Fkk\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) usfi;j osQ fy, vk'p;Z dh ckr D;k Fkh\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) xqIrpj us vkdj rkR;k osQ fo"k; esa D;k crk;k\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) jktk ekuflag rkR;k dh lqj{kk dks viuk izFke drZO; D;ksa le>rs Fks\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ehM us jktk ekuflag dks D;k psrkouh nh\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k ls loZuke 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

mlesa tknw dh&lh djkekr gSA dHkh rks mlosQ ikl g”kkjksa lSfud jgrs gSa dHkh NksVh&lh VqdM+hA
mldh ok.kh esa egku 'kfDr gSA og tgk¡ cksyrk gS] ozQkafr dh vkx iw¡Qd nsrk gSA mlesa fctyh
dh&lh iqQjrh gSA
--------------------- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
(d) ifjfpr µ --------------------- ([k) mRrj µ ---------------------
(x) eku µ --------------------- (?k) ohj µ ---------------------
(Ä) 'k=kq µ ---------------------
14
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2


(d) izfrgkjh osQ vuqlkj dkSu fdls idM+dj ys x;k Fkk\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ljdkj fdl tkyh ohj dks igpku u ldh Fkh\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) rkR;k osQ LFkku ij fdlh vkSj dks ljdkj dks lkSaius dk "kM~;a=k fdlus jpk Fkk\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ekuflag us rkR;k dk mRlkg oSQls c<+k;k\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) rkR;k us laU;klh os"k /kj.k djus dh izfrKk D;ksa yh\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5
(d) i;kZIr µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) laU;klh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) izyksHku µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ikfjrksf"kd µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ekxZ&iz'kLr µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) izyksHku µ --------------------- ---------------------
([k) gquj µ --------------------- ---------------------

(x) vkx µ --------------------- ---------------------
(?k) Lora=k µ --------------------- ---------------------
(Ä) taxy µ --------------------- ---------------------
16
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- Hkkjrh; ohjksa us ns'k dh vk”kknh gsrq vius izk.kksa dk cfynku fn;kA D;k vkt oSlh fLFkfr
mRiUu gksus ij ns'k dk ;qok cfynku nsus osQ fy, rRij gksxkA vius fopkj fyf[k,A 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- jkuh y{ehckbZ] lqHkk"kpanz cksl vkSj Hkxrflag osQ fp=k fpidkb, o mudh tkudkjh
,d=k dj muosQ fo"k; esa fyf[k,A 5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) rkR;k Vksis dk
([k) ,d NksVs ls ozQkafrdkjh osQ ihNs lkr lsuk,¡ yxh FkhaA
(x) xqIrpj us vkdj crk;k fd rkR;k ujoj osQ jktk ekuflag osQ laj{k.k esa gSA
(?k) rkR;k ls Hkkjr dks cgqr&lh vk'kk,¡ FkhaA og ,d egku ohj FksA
(Ä) ehM us jktk ekuflag dks psrkouh nsrs gq, dgk fd rkR;k dks laj{k.k nsuk jktnzksg gSA
2- mlesa mlosQ mldh og tgk¡ mlesa
3- (d) vifjfpr ([k) nf{k.k (x) vieku (?k) dk;j (Ä) fe=k
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) jkt efgykvksa dks ljdkjh deZpkjh idM+dj ys x, FksA
([k) ftls rkR;k osQ LFkku ij ljdkj dks lkSaik x;k FkkA
(x) foØe flag us
(?k) ekuflag us dgkµvkidh ok.kh gh ozQkafr osQ mn~?kks"k osQ fy, i;kZIr gSA vki lSfudksa dks
;qn~/ f'k{kk nhft, vkSj mudk ekxZ iz'kLr dhft,A ge vkiosQ lkFk gSaA
(Ä) rkR;k osQ LFkku ij fdlh vkSj ohj dks ljdkj dks lkSais tkus ij og nq[kh FksA ekuflag osQ
le>kus ij mUgksaus ml ohj dh oqQckZuh dks O;FkZ u tkus nsus osQ fy, laU;klh os"k /kj.k
djus dh izfrKk yhA
2- (d) eq>s viuh {kq/k 'kkar djus gsrq nks jksVh i;kZIr gSaA
([k) rkR;k us laU;klh os"k /kj.k djus dh izfrKk yhA
(x) nq'eu osQ izyksHku ekuflag dks izHkkfor u dj losQA
(?k) ikfjrksf"kd forj.k lekjksg esa vusd cM+s&cM+s yksx mifLFkr FksA
(Ä) mn~ns'; ls HkVosQ O;fDr dk ekxZ&iz'kLr djuk pkfg,A
3- (d) izyksHku µ ykyp] yksHk ([k) gquj µ dyk] dkjhxjh
(x) vkx µ vuy] vfXu (?k) Lora=k µ vk”kkn] Lok/hu
(Ä) taxy µ ou] dkuu
rr
18
3 lnkcgkj fet+ ksje
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) vle dkA
([k) fpu igkM+ksa lsA
(x) muosQ eu esa ;g lansg mBk fd ;g mudh laLÑfr dks feVkus dk "kM~;a=k gSA
(?k) fe”kks dkWeu ihiqYl ;wfu;uA
fyf[kr
1- (d) osaQnz'kkflr izns'k osQ :i esa fe”kksje dk mn~?kkVu Hkkjr dh iwoZ izèkkuea=kh LoxhZ; Jherh
bafnjk xkaèkh us 21 tuojh] 1972 esa fd;k FkkA
([k) ^fe”kks* 'kCn dk vFkZ gSµigkM+h vknehA
(x) fe”kksje esa edku cgqr e”kcwr cuk, tkrs gSa] D;ksafd ;gk¡ ÃÍ$»§ÊŸË vk¡fèk;k¡ pyrh gSaA edku
cukus esa vfèkdrj ck¡l vkSj dM+ h dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(?k) fe”kksje osQ yksx jaxhu LoHkko osQ gksrs gSaA buosQ u`R;ksa esa ^psjko* yksdu`R; cgqr gh yksdfiz;
gS] ijarq ;g u`R; cgqr gh dfBu Hkh gSA ;g fdlh dh vdky e`R;q ij fnoxar vkRek osQ
lEeku osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
(Ä) fe”kksje osQ yksx ^>we in~èkfr* ls [ksrh djrs gSaA
2- (d) (i) ck¡l ([k) (iii) lkyfd;k (x) (iv) >we (?k) (ii) fo'ks";
ewY;ijd iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk Kku
1- milxZ ewy'kCn milxZ ewy'kCn
(d) mi $ tkfr ([k) iz $ cy
(x) iz $ 'kk[kk,¡ (?k) vk $ Hkw"k.k
(Ä) iz $ ns'k (p) v $ fHkUu
19
2- ewy'kCn izR;; ewy'kCn izR;;
(d) vfèkd $ rj ([k) igkM+ $ bZ
(x) iwoZ $ t (?k) [ksr $ bZ
(Ä) izHkko $ br ([k) lk{kj $ rk
3- (d) fe”kksje {ks=k esa yq'kkbZ igkfM+;k¡ gSaA
([k) fe”kksje esa fookg&'kqYd dks ysdj dM+k eksy&Hkko gksrk gSA
(x) fe”kks Hkwfe dk mn~?kkVu Hkkjr dh iwoZ iz/kuea=kh Loú Jherh bafnjk xka/h us fd;k FkkA
(?k) ekuk tkrk gS fd fe”kks yksx cekZ osQ fpu igkM+ksa ls Hkkjr esa vk,A
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
• fnYyh
Hkkjr dh jktèkkuh fnYyh vR;ar izkphu uxj gSA bldk izkphure uke banzizLFk gSA dgk tkrk
gS fd bl uxj dk fuekZ.k ;qfèkf"Bj us djok;k Fkk rFkk ;gha ij mUgksaus jktlw; ;K fd;k FkkA
fnYyh Hkkjr dk fny dgykrh gSA ;g ;equk osQ nkfgus fdukjs ij fLFkr gSA vrhr ls orZeku
rd ;g dbZ :iksa esa mHkjh vkSj dbZ 'kkldksa dk 'kklu blus ns[kkA fnYyh ,sfrgkfld uxjh gSA
;gk¡ vusd izkphu rFkk uohu Hkou ,oa bekjrsa gSaA ,sfrgkfld bekjrksa esa oqQrqcehukj] ykyfdyk]
ykSg&LraHk] gqek;w¡ dk edcjk] tkek efLtn] yksnh dk edcjk] fu”kkeqn~nhu dh njxkg rFkk
tarj&earj vkfn izfln~èk gSaA bUgsa ns[kus osQ fy, nwj&nwj ls yksx vkrs gSaA laln Hkou] jk"Vªifr
Hkou fnYyh esa gh fLFkr gSaA fnYyh esa èkkfeZd] jk"Vªh;] ,sfrgkfld] O;kolkf;d vkfn ls lacafèkr
LFky o dk;kZy; gSaA Hkkjr dh jktèkkuh vehjksa dh uxjh gS] rks vfr xjhch osQ n'kZu Hkh ;gk¡
gksrs gSaA fnYyh vusd jktuSfrd ,oa lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;ksa dk osaQnz Hkh gSA
^^fnYyh gS fny ¯gnqLrku dk] ;s rks rhjFk gS lkjs tgku dkA**
dYiuk dh mM+ku
• cPps viuh #fpuqlkj vyx&vyx txgksa osQ uke crk,¡xsA
• cPps vè;kfidk] ekrk&firk o baVjusV dh lgk;rk ls tkudkjh ,df=kr djsaxs vkSj Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
blls fo'ys"k.k] [kkst o Loys[ku dh o`fRr dk fodkl gksxkA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
• fe”kks dchys dh mitkfr;k¡ gSaµyq'kkbZ] jkyVs] gekj] pdek] ioh] yk[ksj vkSj fj;kaxA
20
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 & 5 ¾ 10

(d) ^fe”kksje* dk mn~?kkVu fdlus rFkk dc fd;k\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) fe”kks yksxksa osQ izkjafHkd bfrgkl dk o.kZu dhft,A

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) fe”kks dchys dh mitkfr;ksa rFkk mudh os'kHkw"kk dk o.kZu dhft,A

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) fe”kksje dh u`R;dyk dk o.kZu dhft,A

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) fe”kksje dk fodkl vfèkd D;ksa ugha gks ik;k gS\

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lgh vFkZ ij xksyk yxkb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) mLrkn µ rs”k pyuk] f'k{kd] Åij mBuk
([k) O;atu µ Lokfn"V Hkkstu] ia[kk] pj[kk
(x) fot; µ yM+dk] thr] xhr
(?k) euksje µ lqanj] je.k djus okyk] eu dh bPNk
(Ä) "kM~;a=k µ Ng ;a=k] oqQpØ] jFk
21
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
uke % ------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------- iw.kk±d
vuqozQekad % ------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------- 15
1- fuEufyf[kr milxks± dks tksM+dj nks&nks u, 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) vi µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
([k) iz µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
(x) vo µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
(?k) oqQ µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
(Ä) fo µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr izR;;ksa dks tksM+dj nks&nks u, 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) bd µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
([k) br µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
(x) bZ µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
(?k) okyk µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
(Ä) vd µ ----------------------------- -----------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ ekud :i fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) p×py µ ----------------------------
([k) fo|ky; µ ----------------------------
(x) mís'; µ ----------------------------
(?k) lXe µ ----------------------------
(Ä) 'kq¼ µ ----------------------------
22
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- ês?kky;* 'kgj osQ uke dk egRRo] ogk¡ osQ yksxksa osQ jgu&lgu vkSj [kku&iku osQ
fo"k; esa tkudkjh izkIr dhft, rFkk vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- dYiuk dhft, fd vki fdlh igkM+h bykosQ esa ?kweus x, rFkk ogk¡ jkLrs esa vkidh
xkM+h [kjkc gks xbZ] ,slh fLFkfr esa vki D;k djsaxs\ 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) osQanz'kkflr izns'k osQ :i esa fe”kksje dk mn~?kkVu iwoZ izèkkuea=kh Loú Jherh bafnjk xkaèkh us
21 tuojh] 1972 esa fd;k FkkA
([k) ekuk tkrk gS fd fe”kks yksx cekZ osQ fpu igkM+ksa ls Hkkjr vk, FksA ,d ¯donarh osQ vuqlkj
buosQ iwoZt ^fNuyqM* ;kfu èkjrh osQ ,d Nsn ls iSnk gq, FksA igys ;s lkbZyks 'kklu osQ
vèkhu Fks] ij ckn esa minzoh gks x,A lu 1895 esa vaxzs”kksa us f”kyk vtoky dks bldk
eq[;ky; cuk;k tks vle osQ varxZr vkrk gSA blls buosQ eu esa lansg gks x;k fd ;g
budh laLo`Qfr dks feVkus dk "kM~;a=k gSA iQyLo:i bUgksaus fonzksg dk jkLrk viuk;k vkSj
^fe”kks dkWeu ihiqYl ;wfu;u* uked jktuhfrd ikVhZ cukbZZA bl ikVhZ us vyx jkT; dh
ek¡x dhA Hkkjr dh vk”kknh osQ dbZ o"kks± ckn 20 iQjojh] 1987 dks bls ,d jkT; dk ntkZ
izkIr gks x;kA
(x) fe”kks dchys esa vusd mitkfr;k¡ gSa_ tSlsµyq'kkbZ] jkyVs] gekj] pdek] ioh vkSj yk[ksjA
ioh vkSj yk[ksj mitkfr;k¡ igys yM+kowQ FkhaA ;s yksx xBhys vkSj LoLFk cnu okys gksrs gSaA
fe”kks iq#"k ckyksa dk twM+k cukdj ixM+h ck¡èkrs gSaA L=kh&iq#"k nksuksa dks vkHkw"k.k fiz; gSaA
(?k) fe”kksje osQ u`R;ksa esa ^psjko* yksdu`R; yksdfiz; gSA ;g fdlh dh vdky e`R;q ij fnoaxr
vkRek osQ lEeku osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ^[kqokyye* u`R; ,d fo'ks"k volj ij fd;k
tkrk gSA budk ekuuk gS fd LoxZ tkus osQ fy, thou esa lkr mRlo djus pkfg,A lkrosa
mRlo ij ;g u`R; vk;ksftr gksrk gSA ^lkyfd;k* u`R; yk[ksj vkSj ioh tkfr esa yksdfiz;
gSA ;g i'kqvksa ij f'kdkjh dh fot; osQ fy, gksrk gSA
(Ä) ikuh dh deh vkSj dfBu p<+kbZ osQ dkj.k fe”kksje dk fodkl vHkh de gqvk gSA

2- (d) f'k{kd ([k) Lokfn"V Hkkstu (x) thr (?k) lqanj (Ä) oqQpØ
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) vieku] vi;'k ([k) izcy] izns'k (x) voxq.k] vour
(?k) oqQ:i] oqQizFkk (Ä) foi{k] fo'ks"k
2- (d) izkjafHkd] lkekftd ([k) f'kf{kr] ijkftr (x) cksyh] lq[kh
(?k) feBkbZokyk] rk¡xsokyk (Ä) pkyd] mn~?kks"kd
3- (d) papy ([k) fon~;ky; (x) mn~ns'; (?k) laxe (Ä) 'kqn~èk
rr
24
4 thou dk >juk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) igkM+ksa osQ Hkhrj ls
([k) ftl izdkj jQdk ty lM+ tkrk gS_ oSls gh ftl thou esa meax] tks'k] vkxs c<+us dh fgEer
u gks og u"V gks tkrk gSA blfy, cgrs ty dh Hkk¡fr lnk vkxs c<+rs tkuk pkfg,A
(x) ukfod rV ij blfy, iNrkrk gS D;ksafd og Hkh bu mBrh vkSj fxjrh ygjksa dk fgLlk ugha cu
ik;kA
(?k) lnk pyrs jgks] vkxs c<+rs jgks ;gh thou gSA
fyf[kr
1- (d) >jus osQ leku@viuh bPNkuqlkj tgk¡ pkgrk gS] pyk tkrk gSA eLrh vkSj mYykl ls viuk
thou thrk gSA
([k) >juk igkM+ksa ls fudyrk gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k ;k izkar esa igq¡pdj] ?kkfV;ksa esa ls fudyrk
gqvk lery ”kehu rd tkdj /jrh osQ vk¡py esa fNi tkrk gSA
(x ) ftl fnu ty dh xfr'khyrk osQ leku ekuo vkxs c<+us gsrq iz;Ru'khy ugha jgsxk] ml
fnu ekuo thou dk var gks tk,xkA tSls #dk gqvk ty lM+ tkrk gS] oSls gh dk;Zfoghu
ekuo ejs gq, osQ leku gSA
(?k) ;kSoukoLFkk oqQN dj xq”kjus dh vk;q gksrh gSA dfo lans'k nsrk gS fd fujarj vkxs c<+rs
tkuk pkfg,] ekxZ oSQlk Hkh gks dksf'k'k djrs jguk pkfg,A blls liQyrk vo'; izkIr
gksrh gSA
2- (d) (ii) flI+kZQ pyus dh ([k) (i) ekuo thou dk
(x) (ii) ihNs eqM+dj ns[kus dks (?k) (iii) e`R;q dk
ewY;ijd iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
25
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) thuk f”aknxh
([k) Hkhrj Hksn
(x) yxu laxhr dh /qu
(?k) lalkj ,d crZu
(Ä) jk; oksV
(p) LFkku fo'ks"k
2- (i) ?kuu&?kuu ?ku?kksj ?kVk NkbZA
(ii) luu&luu pyh iqjokbZA
(iii) lkxj osQ mj ij ukp&ukpA
(iv) le> jgs gks D;k dgrh gS mB&mB fxj&fxj rjax&rjaxA
(v) Hkj yks] Hkj yks vius eu esa ehBh&ehBh e`nqy meaxA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
26
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) igkM+ksa osQ Hkhrj ls D;k fudyrk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) >juk Lo;a dks dgk¡ rd [khapdj ys tkrk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) >juk fdlls yM+dj vkxs c<+ tkrk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) fdukjs [kM+k ukfod D;ksa iNrk jgk gS\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) dfo osQ vuqlkj ekuo dh e`R;q dc gks tk,xh\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ cgqopu :i fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) dk¡Vk µ ----------------------------------- ([k) ih<+h µ -----------------------------------
(x) dyh µ ----------------------------------- (?k) jksM+k µ -----------------------------------
(Ä) ?kM+h µ -----------------------------------
3- fØ;k 'kCnksa oQks vyx djosQ fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5
(d) >juk pV~Vkuksa ij p<+rk gSA -----------------------------------
([k) >juk vkxs c<+rk tkrk gSA -----------------------------------
(x) ml fnu ekuo ej tk,xkA -----------------------------------
(?k) thou pyrk gh jgrk gSA -----------------------------------
(Ä) rqe ihNs eqM+dj er ns[kksA -----------------------------------
27
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2


(d) >jus osQ nksuksa fdukjksa dks dfo us fdlosQ leku ekuk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) >juk eSnku esa mrjus ls igys dgk¡ ls mrj dj vk;k gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) >jus dks fdldh /qu yxh gS\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) dfo osQ vuqlkj ;kSou D;k dgrk gS\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) >juk cgdj D;k le>k jgk gS\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28
2- fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks"; dk feyku dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
v c
(d) enekrk (i) ikuh
([k) lkI+kQ (ii) ?kkVh
(x) xgjh (iii) igkM+
(?k) lqanj (iv) ;kSou
(Ä) m¡Qpk (v) thou
3- fuEufyf[kr o.kks± dks feykdj 'kCn cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) n~ $ m $ j~ $ n~ $ b $ u~ $ v ¾ --------------------------------
([k) ;~ $ vkS $ o~ $ v $ u~ $ v ¾ --------------------------------

( x) u~ $ vk $ o~ $ b $ o~Q $ v ¾ --------------------------------
(?k) v $ ×k~ $ p~ $ v $ y~ $ v ¾ --------------------------------

(Ä) u~ $ b $ j~ $ >~ $ v $ j~ $ v ¾ --------------------------------
29
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- dfork dk 'kh"kZd gSµ^thou dk >juk*A >juk jkr&fnu cgrk jgrk gS] mlh rjg ekuo
thou dks Hkh pyrs jgus dks dgk x;k gSA dfork osQ 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk dks Li"V
dhft,A 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- ^>juk* izkÑfrd lkSan;Z dks c<+krk gSA izÑfr osQ [kwclwjr :i dk o.kZu djrs gq, fyf[k,
fd izÑfr dh fdu&fdu oLrqvksa vkSj thoksa osQ izfr vki vkdf"kZr gksrs gSa\ 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) >juk fudyrk gSA
([k) lery eSnkuksa dh vksj ys tkrk gSA
(x) >juk jQdkoVksa :ih jksMk+ as ls yM+dj vkxs c<+ tkrk gSA
(?k) ygjksa osQ mBus vkSj fxjus dks ns[kdj fdukjs [kM+k ukfod iNrk jgk gSA
(Ä) tc lalkj esa euq"; ij cqjs iy eaMjkus yxsaxs] ml fnu ekuo ej tk,xkA ftl fnu euq";
dh xfr jQd tk,xh] ml fnu ekuo dh e`R;q gks tk,xhA
2- (d) dk¡Vs ([k) ihf<+;k¡ (x) dfy;k¡ (?k) jksM+s (Ä) ?kfM+;k¡
3- (d) p<+rk gSA ([k) c<+rk tkrk gSA (x) ej tk,xkA
(?k) pyrk gh jgrk gSA (Ä) ns[kksA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) lq[k&nq[k osQ leku ekuk gSA
([k) fdlh ?kkVh ls gksdj eSnku esa vk;k gSA
(x) >jus dks pyus dh /qu yxh gSA
(?k) ;kSou dgrk gS fd lnk vkxs c<+rs jguk pkfg,A vkus okys le; esa D;k gksxk] ;s lkspdj ijs'kku
ugha gksuk pkfg,A
(Ä) ^tks jQd tkrk gS og ejs gq, osQ leku gS* >juk cgdj ;gh le>k jgk gSA
2- (d) enekrk (iv) ;kSou ([k) lkI+kQ (i) ikuh (x) xgjh (ii) ?kkVh
(?k) lqanj (v) thou (Ä) m¡Qpk (iii) igkM+
3- (d) nqfnZu ([k) ;kSou (x) ukfod (?k) vapy (Ä) fu>Zj
rr
31
5 bZnxkg
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) bZnxkg tkuk Fkk] blfy, yM+osQ izlUu FksA
([k) bZn Fkh ij ?kj esa vUu dk nkuk u Fkk] blfy, vehuk jks jgh FkhA
(x) gkfen us fpeVk blfy, [kjhnk] D;ksafd mldh nknh dh m¡xfy;k¡ ros ls ty tkrh FkhaA
(?k) fe;k¡ uwjs osQ odhy ydM+h osQ iVjs ls fxjdj VwV x,A
(Ä) egewn us gkfen dks osQyk f[kyk;kA
fyf[kr
1- (d) bZnxkg tkus ls iwoZ cPps mYykl o meax ls ljkcksj FksA os bZn dh rS;kfj;ksa esa yxs FksA
cM+s&cw<+ksa osQ fy, jks”ks jgs gksaxs] ysfdu cPpksa osQ fy, fli+ZQ [kq'kh ls Hkjk bZn dk R;ksgkj
FkkA yM+osQ lcls ”;knk [kq'k FksA os ckj&ckj iSls fxu jgs Fks vkSj vius fy, D;k ysaxs]
bldh lwph cuk jgs FksA
([k) gkfen us cPpksa osQ chp fpeVs dks dHkh cand w dh rjg oaQèks ij j[kdj] iQdhjksa osQ fpeVs osQ
:i esa] e¡thjs osQ :i esa vkSj dHkh cgknqj 'ksj dh mfDr nsdj vius fpeVs dks f[kykSuk
fln~èk fd;kA
(x) R;kx] Lusg] ln~Hkko o foosd gkfen osQ pfj=k dh og [kwfc;k¡ gSa] ftlosQ dkj.k og vU;
f[kykSuksa ls vfèkd nknh osQ dke vkus okys fpeVs dh vksj vkdf"kZr gqvkA
(?k) fe;k¡ uwjs us odhy dks j[kus osQ fy, nhokj esa nks [kwfV;k¡ xkM+ha vkSj ydM+h osQ iVjs ij
dkx”k fcNkdj odhy lkgc dks fcBk fn;k] fiQj ia[kk >yus yxk ftldh gok ;k pksV
ls odhy :ih f[kykSuk fxj iM+k vkSj bl izdkj fe;k¡ uwjs osQ odhy lkgc dk xkSjoe;
var gqvkA
(Ä) tc gkfen us viuh nknh ls dgk fd ;g fpeVk og blfy, yk;k gS rkfd [kkuk cukrs
gq, nknh dh maxfy;k¡ u tysa] rc cw<+h nknh dk Øksèk Lusg esa cny x;kA
2- (d) () ([k) () (x) () (?k) ()
3- (d) (iii) ([k) (ii) (x) (i) (?k) (i) (Ä) (ii) (p) (iv)
32
ewY;ijd iz'u
eSa viuh nknh osQ fy, NM+h [kjhnwx¡ k D;ksfa d mUgsa pyus&fiQjus esa ijs'kkuh gksrh gSA dbZ ckj
tc ?kj esa dksbZ ugha gksrk rc mUgsa vosQys dgha tkuk gksrk gS rks og fxj tkrh gSaA vxj muosQ
ikl NM+h gksxh rks os vklkuh ls vius jkstejkZ osQ dk;Z dj ldrh gSaA
ge vuko';d f[kykSuksa dh ek¡x ugha djsaxs rFkk vius nksLrksa] HkkbZ&cguksa osQ f[kykSuksa ls
[ksysaxsA ge lHkh cPps vius fy, vyx&vyx f[kykSus ysaxs vkSj ,d&nwljs osQ f[kykSuksa ls
feydj [ksysaxsA ,slk djus ls lcdks fHkUu&fHkUu f[kykSuksa ls [ksyus dk volj fey tk,xk
vkSj ekrk&firk dks f[kykSuksa ij vf/d iSlk [kpZ ugha djuk iM+sxk vkSj ge cPps cpr
djuk Hkh lh[k tk,¡xsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) c/kbZ µ c/kb;k¡ ([k) feBkb;k¡ µ feBkbZ
(x) jsofM+;k¡ µ jsoM+h (?k) iafDr µ iafDr;k¡
(Ä) Vksfi;k¡ µ Vksih (p) ?kksM+k µ ?kksM+s
(N) Nkyk µ Nkys (t) oaQ/s µ oaQ/k
(>) jksfV;k¡ µ jksVh (×k) ?kqM+dh µ ?kqM+fd;k¡
(V) fpeVk µ fpeVs (B) ilfy;k¡ µ ilyh
2- (d) ;'k vkSj vi;'k ([k) ekrk vkSj firk (x) iki vkSj iq.;
(?k) nky vkSj jksVh (Ä) jkr vkSj fnu (p) lkuh vkSj ikuh
3- (d) cM+h&cM+h ckrsa djuk ljy gS vkSj dk;Z djuk dfBuA
([k) vius&vius dk;Z dks pqukSrh le> dj Lohdkj djsaA
(x) ?keaMh dk ?keaM pwj&pwj djus osQ fy, ,d frudk gh dkiQh gSA
(?k) ckr dks Bhd&Bhd le> dj dk;Z djksA
(Ä) lHkh cPps ckjh&ckjh ls vkdj vius dk;ks± dks iw.kZ djsaA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjnf'kZrk
dbZ ckj esjk eu Hkh dbZ oLrqvksa dh vksj vkdf"kZr gksrk gS] ¯drq ,d le>nkj cPps dh rjg
eSa dHkh Hkh muosQ fy, vius ekrk&firk ls f”kn ugha djrh vkSj viuh de”kksj vkfFkZd fLFkfr
o ekrk&firk dh foo'krk dks le>rs gq, 'kh?kz gh viuh euksn'kk ij dkcw ik ysrh gw¡A
33
^bZn* vkSj ^nhokyh* nksuksa R;ksgkjksa esa esys yxrs gSa] nksuksa esa gh yksx ,d&nwljs ls g¡lh&[kq'kh ls
feyrs gSa vkSj feBkb;k¡ HksaV djrs gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
ckyd gkfen osQ flj ls ek¡&cki dk lk;k cpiu esa gh mB x;k Fkk] ysfdu reke vHkkoksa osQ
ckotwn og viuh cw<+h nknh osQ lkFk cgqr [kq'k FkkA vU; cPpksa dh rjg gh mldk eu Hkh
vPNs&vPNs diM+s iguus vkSj vPNs&vPNs f[kykSuksa ls [ksyus dk djrk Fkk] ij ftls nks twu
dh jksVh gh eqf'dy ls feyrh gks] og f[kykSus [kjhnus dh dYiuk oSQls dj ldrk FkkA mlus
f[kykSuksa osQ cnys fpeVk [kjhndj viuh le>nkjh vkSj cqn~fèkekuh dk ifjp; fn;k] ysfdu ;fn
og fpeVk u [kjhnrk rks og Hkh vU; cPpksa dh rjg fHk'rh] [k¡tjh vkfn [kjhnrkA
gkfen osQ ikyu&iks"k.k esa mldh cw<+h nknh us vusd d"V mBk, gksaxs] foaQrq ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls
?kcjkdj dHkh gkfen dh vksj ls n`f"V ugha isQjh gksxhA og nwljksa osQ ?kjksa esa ¤ÊÊ«∏ÂU] crZu] fookg
mRlo esa [kkuk idkuk rFkk jkr esa iM+ksfluksa osQ diM+s flyus dk dk;Z Hkh djrh gksaxhA vk;q osQ
iM+ko (voLFkk) esa og vleFkZ gksrs gq, Hkh gkfen osQ fy, d"V mBkrs gq, bu dk;ks± dks djrh
gksaxhA
fpeVk [kjhnrs le; gkfen osQ ckyeu esa okLro esa lansg] Hk; o bPNk dh ,d feyh&tqyh
ygj fgyksjsa ys jgh Fkh] ftldh vuqHkwfr Lo;a eq>s Hkh gqbZ gSA ,d fnu eSaus ck”kkj esa ,d lqanj
jkscksV ns[kkA mlosQ okLrfod ewY; dk vank”kk gksrs gq, Hkh esjs eu esa mls [kjhnus dh LokHkkfod
(lgt) bPNk tkxhA ml le; esjh tsc esa osQoy pkyhl #i, Fks vkSj jkscksV dk ewY; esjs
ctV dk nqxquk FkkA eSaus fgpdrs&fgpdrs nqdkunkj ls nke de djus dh xq”kkfj'k dh] ftls
mlus udkj fn;k vkSj eq>s Mk¡Vdj Hkxk fn;kA bl dVq vuqHko osQ lkFk gh esjh jkscksV ysus dh
bPNk Hkh esjs vareZu esa gh fleV dj jg xbZA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
34
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) je”kku osQ fnu oSQlk ekgkSy gks tkrk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) gkfen dh nknh bZn osQ ioZ ij Hkh D;ksa jks jgh Fkh\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) gkfen yksgs dh nqdku ij D;ksa #dk\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) gkfen us fpeVs dks vius nksLrksa osQ vkxs bZ";kZ dh oLrq oSQls cuk fn;k\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) cqf<+;k dk Øksèk Lusg esa oSQls ifjofrZr gks x;k\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj ,d 'kCn esa fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

-----------------------------------
(d) egewn osQ ikl fdrus iSls Fks\
-----------------------------------
([k) fdrus iSls esa pj[kh ij cSBk tk ldrk Fkk\
-----------------------------------
(x) D;k idkrs gq, nknh dk gkFk ty tkrk Fkk\
-----------------------------------
(?k) egewn osQ vkxs gkfen us vius fpeVs dks D;k iqdkjk\
-----------------------------------
(Ä) fdldh vfLFk;k¡ ?kwjs ij Mky nh xb±\
35
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ opu cnfy,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) frfFk µ --------------------------------------
([k) èkksrh µ --------------------------------------
(x) 'kk[kk µ --------------------------------------
(?k) oLrq µ --------------------------------------
(Ä) fcfV;k µ --------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa tks mfpr vFkZ ugha gS] ml ij xksyk yxkb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) vkfèk µ vfHk'kki] èkjksgj] vkèkk
([k) ?kV µ ?kuk] fdukjk] de gksuk
(x) ruq µ LoHkko] rqPN] dj?kk
(?k) ukd µ gkFkh] eku] uk'kikrh dh tkfr dk iQy
(Ä) mipkj µ cpko] f'k"Vkpkj] bykt
3- fuEufyf[kr mnwZ 'kCnksa osQ ¯gnh i;kZ; fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) f”kjg µ ----------------------------
([k) vyx µ ----------------------------
(x) ekre µ ----------------------------
----------------------------
(?k) [k”kkuk µ
(Ä) HkkbZpkjk µ ----------------------------
36
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3
dYiuk 'kfDr ij vkèkkfjr
1- dYiuk dhft, vki dHkh vius nksLrksa osQ lkFk fdlh esys esa x,] rks vki fdl&fdl
osQ fy, migkj [kjhnsaxs rFkk D;ksa\ 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- êsjh nknh ek¡*µbl fo"k; ij 80µ100 'kCnksa esa vuqPNsn fyf[k,A 5

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) je”kku osQ fnu bZnxkg ij esyk yx tkrk gSA cPps&cM+s lHkh u,&u, diM+s igudj [kq'kh
vkSj mRlkg osQ lkFk uek”k vnk djus ^bZnxkg* tkrs gSaA pkjksa vksj tks'k vkSj izlUurk dk
ekgkSy gksrk gSA
([k) gkfen dh nknh bZn osQ ioZ ij Hkh jks jgh Fkh] D;ksafd og xjhc FkhA mlosQ ikl gkfen
dks nsus osQ fy, oqQN ugha FkkA gkfen esys esa tkuk pkgrk Fkk] ¯drq og Mjrh Fkh fd NksVs
cPps dks vosQys esys esa oSQls tkus ns\ rhu dksl iSny oSQls pysxk\ iSls Hkh ugha Fks] ;gh
lksp&lkspdj og jks jgh FkhA
(x) yksgs dh nqdku ij j[ks gq, fpeVksa dks ns[kdj gkfen dks [k;ky vk;k fd nknh osQ ikl
fpeVk ugha gSA jksVh lsadrs le; mlosQ gkFk ty tkrs gSaA fpeVk dke dh ph”k gSA D;ksa u
fpeVk ys fy;k tk,\ ;gh lkspdj gkfen yksgs dh nqdku ij #dkA
(?k) gkfen us fpeVs osQ xq.kksa dk c[kku djosQ vius nksLrksa osQ vkxs mls bZ";kZ dh oLrq cuk
fn;kA
(Ä) gkfen osQ R;kx vkSj foosdiw.kZ opu dks lqudj cqf<+;k dk Øksèk Lusg esa cny x;kA
2- (d) ckjg iSls ([k) ,d iSlk (x) jksfV;k¡
(?k) cgknqj 'ksj (Ä) odhy lkgc
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) frfFk;k¡ ([k) èkksfr;k¡ (x) 'kk[kk,¡ (?k) oLrq,¡ (Ä) fcfV;k¡
2- (d) vkèkk ([k) ?kuk (x) dj?kk (?k) gkFkh (Ä) cpko
3- (d) cgl ([k) i`Fko~Q (x) 'kksd (?k) dks"k (Ä) esy&tksy
rr
38
6 esys dk Å¡ V
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) O;aX; ys[k
([k) tks viuh laLÑfr vkSj lH;rk ls nwj gksrs tk jgs gSaA
(x) i'kq esyk
(?k) esys dk m¡QV
fyf[kr
1- (d) ys[kd us laiknd dh n`f"V dh rqyuk fxn~èk dh n`f"V ls blfy, dh gS] D;ksafd ftl izdkj
fxn~èk nwj vkdk'k esa mM+rs gq, Hkh èkjrh ij iM+h vius eryc dh ph”k dks ns[k ysrk gS]
mlh izdkj laiknd dks Hkh esys osQ fo'ks"k vkd"kZ.kksa dh vksj è;ku nsuk pkfg, Fkk u fd
csdkj dh ph”kksa ij] ijarq ys[kd dks •$»§‚Ê‚ gS fd fxn~èk dh&lh n`f"V gksus ij Hkh oqQN
deh jg xbZA
([k) laiknd dks esys esa nks iSls dh iwjh] X;kjg lkS larjksa dk ,d iksLVdkMZ rFkk dbZ csdkj
dh ph”ksa fn[kkbZ nhaA
(x) m¡QV us ekjokM+h ckcqvksa dks ns[kdj gh izfrfØ;k O;Dr blfy, dh] D;ksafd m¡QV ekjokM+
dk tgk”k gS vFkkZr~ m¡QV ekjokM+ esa ik;k tkrk gSA ogk¡ osQ ;krk;kr] [ksrksa esa gy tksrus
rFkk fL=k;ksa dh ikydh dk ,dek=k lkèku ogh gSA m¡QV vkSj ekjokM+ dk iqjkuk fj'rk gSA
(?k) m¡QV dgrk gS fd iqjkus ”kekus esa yksx ;krk;kr osQ lkèku osQ :i esa mldk iz;ksx djrs
FksA fL=k;k¡ mldh ihB dks ikydh le>rh FkhaA ogh [ksrksa esa gy pykdj vUu mitkrk
FkkA mldh ihB ij ykndj dkslksa nwj ls ikuh yk;k tkrk FkkA mldh cycykgV yksxksa dks
lqjhyh yxrh Fkh ysfdu vkt og yksxksa osQ euksjatu dk lk/u FkkA ;krk;kr osQ lk/u osQ
:i esa fI+kQfVu] VeVe vkSj jsyxkfM+;k¡ gSaA euksjatu osQ fy, vusd vk/qfud lk/u gSaA
2- (d) (i) ([k) (iv) (x) (iii) (?k) (i) (Ä) (iii)
39
ewY;ijd iz'u
m¡QV viuh ?kk;y ihB dks ns[k ?k`.kk djus ls blfy, euk djrk gS] D;ksafd blh ihB ij gekjs
iwoZt vUu] jfLl;k¡ ;gk¡ rd fd miys ykndj nwj&nwj rd ys tkrs FksA blosQ vfrfjDr m¡QV
dh lokjh muosQ fy, LoxhZ; lq[k ls de u FkhA
vk/qfud ;qok ih<+h lH;rk ,oa laLÑfr ls nwj gksrh tk jgh gS] ;g dguk roZQlaxr gksxkA
bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd bl ih<+h osQ yksx viuh laLÑfr osQ LFkku ij fons'kh laLÑfr_ tSlsµ
[kku&iku] Hkk"kk] igukok vkfn iwjh rjg ls viukrs tk jgs gSaA os ;g le>us dh ”kjk Hkh
dksf'k'k ugha djrs fd gekjh laLÑfr esa Hkh cgqr&lh ,slh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa] tks fons'kh laLÑfr esa
ugha gSaA vr% gesa mUgha dks viukuk pkfg, ftlls fodkl gks] pkgs og fdlh Hkh laLÑfr ls
laca/ j[krh gksA ,slk djus ls :f<+oknh ijaijk,¡ Lo;a lekIr gks tk,¡xh vkSj ge fodkl dj
losaQxsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) lacaèk dkjd ([k) viknku dkjd (x) drkZ dkjd (?k) vf/dj.k dkjd
(Ä) deZ dkjd (p) laca/ dkjd (N) dj.k dkjd
2- (d) foLe;kfncksèkd (!)] vYifojke (] )] iw.kZ fojke (A)
([k) bdgjk mn~èkj.k fpg~u ( ^ * )] iw.kZ fojke (A)
(x) iz'uokpd fpg~u (\)
(?k) fooj.k fpg~u (µ)] nksgjk mn~èkj.k fpg~u ( ^^ ** )] vYi&fojke (] ) iw.kZ&fojke (A)
(Ä) vYi&fojke (])] ;kstd fpg~u (&)] iw.kZ fojke (A)
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
(d) m¡QV esys esa ekjokM+h ckcqvksa dh mnklhurk dks ns[k dgrk gS fd esjk vkSj rqEgkjk iqjkuk fj'rk
gSA ekjokM+ osQ yksxksa dk thou m¡QV osQ fcuk vèkwjk FkkA ogh mudh lokjh] cSy] ikydh
vkfn lHkh oqQN FkkA nksuksa dk lacèa k vVwV FkkA vr% eerko'k vkt og mUgsa ns[kus vk;k gSA
yksx mls Hkwy x, gSa vkSj vkèkqfud thou dh pdkpkSèa k esa [kks x, gS]a ijarq og vius lukru
lacèa k dks ;kn djkus vk;k gSA
40
([k) ys[kd m¡QV osQ mykgus o nnZ dks lqudj var esa blh fu"d"kZ ij igq¡prk gS fd ifjorZu
lalkj dk fu;e gSA ijaijk,¡ ihNs NwV tkrh gSaA mUufr o fodkl osQ iFk ij vkxs c<+rs
jguk gh lgh ekxZ gSA vr% ijaijk dks idM+s jguk ”k:jh ughaA
ekjokM+ esa m¡QV dh ihB ij ykndj dkslksa nwj ls ty yk;k tkrk Fkk] D;ksafd jsfxLrku esa vfèkd
o"kkZ ugha gksrh o ufn;ksa dk Hkh vHkko gSA ehyksa rd dksbZ oqQvk¡ ugha gksrk] vr% ikuh dh deh
osQ dkj.k nwj&nwj ls ikuh m¡QV dh ihB ij ykndj yk;k tkrk FkkA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
'kgjh cPps m¡QV dks ns[kus ls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA os Å¡V dks osQoy fp=kksa esa gh ns[k ikrs gSaA ;fn
'kgj esa m¡QV vk tk, rks 'kgjh yksx vk'p;Z ls vk¡[ksa&iQkM+&iQkM+dj mls ns[ksaxsA mldh m¡QpkbZ
ns[k vius dks ckSuk eglwl djsaxsA mldh yach lqjkgh tSlh xjnu ns[k foLe; ls Hkj tk,¡xsA
m¡Qph ihB ij cus mHkkj dks ns[k lkspsaxs fd m¡QV dh ihB ij lwtu D;ksa gks xbZ\
'kCn fp=kµbruk m¡Qpk m¡QV] yach lqjkghnkj xjnu] cM+s pkSM+s nk¡r] eksVh&eksVh vk¡[ksa] ihB ij
xwe<+] NksVh&lh iw¡N] NksVs&NksVs dku] yach Vk¡xsa rFkk mpd&mpd dj pyukA
uksV % cPpksa ls ppkZ djsaxs] cPps D;k&D;k lksprs gSa\ lHkh roZQ lgh gksaxsA
jsr dk foLrkj gw¡ eSa]
ekjokM+ dk va'k gw¡ eSaA
ns[kks&ns[kks m¡QV gw¡ eSaAA
ihB esjh Å¡ph gS]
ikydh og lcdh gSA
eSa gw¡ thou&nkrk rqEgkjk
eSa gw¡ I;kjk m¡QV rqEgkjk
eSaus gh rqEgkjh I;kl cq>kbZ
eSaus fn;k gj oDr lkFk rqEgkjk
eSa gh gw¡ laxhr rqEgkjk
eSa gh gw¡ jsfxLrkuh lokjhA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
• cPps vè;kfidk o baVjusV dh enn ls ^jaxhyks jktLFkku* ifj;kstuk osQ varxZr jktLFkku dh
izkÑfrd lqanjrk] bfrgkl] Hkk"kk] os'kHkw"kk] [kkuiku o n'kZuh; LFkyksa vkfn ls lacafèkr tkudkjh
,d=k djsaxsA
41
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

(d) izLrqr ys[k esa ys[kd us fdl ij O;aX; fd;k gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) m¡QV dks ns[kdj lcdh oSQlh izfrfØ;k gqbZ\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ys[kd dks D;ksa yxk fd os Å¡V dh Hkk"kk le> ysaxs\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) m¡QV yksxksa osQ fdl&fdl mi;ksx esa vkrk Fkk\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) var esa ys[kd us m¡QV dks D;k mykguk fn;k\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk muosQ mfpr vFkZ osQ lkFk feyku dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) rjax (i) <duk
([k) gkf”kj (ii) ?kksM+k
(x) okRlY; (iii) ygj
(?k) <k¡iuk (iv) mifLFkr
(Ä) ckt (v) eerk
42
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr inksa osQ dkjd crkb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

-----------------------------
(d) Hkax dh ¯unk lqudj eSa pkSad iM+kA
-----------------------------
([k) eSa ekjokfM+;ksa dh Hkk"kk le> ysrk gw¡A
-----------------------------
(x) johanzukFk BkoqQj us laaiUu ifjokj esa tUe fy;kA
-----------------------------
(?k) esjs fy, vki D;k yk,\
-----------------------------
(Ä) gekjh tUeHkwfe esa vusd ohjksa us tUe fy;k gSA
2- dks"Bd esa fn, x, 'kCnksa esa ls mfpr 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ
1 & 5 ¾ 5
------------------------
(d) chekjh us iadt dks ej.k fLFkfr esa igq¡pk fn;kA
(vklu] vklUu)
([k) eksph ------------------------ ls twrs&pIiy cukrk gSA (peZ] pje)
------------------------ gh u”kj ugha vkrkA
(x) bl unh dk rks (oqQy] owQy)
(?k) yksx ------------------------ ls ?kksM+s dh vksj ns[k jgs FksA (fo"ke;] foLe;)
(Ä) bl o`{k dk ------------------------ cgqr xgjk gSA (ewy] ewY;)
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) varjax µ ----------------------------
([k) fyf[kr µ ----------------------------
(x) ijekFkZ µ ----------------------------
(?k) mxz µ ----------------------------
(Ä) dVq µ ----------------------------
43
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- Hkkyw ;k canj dks jLlh ls ck¡èkdj mudks upkrs gq, ns[kdj vkidh D;k izfrfØ;k
gksrh gS\ 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- baVjusV dh lgk;rk ls ^jktLFkkuµièkkjks Egkjs ns'k* fo"k; ij ,d ifj;kstuk rS;kj

dhft,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) izLrqr ys[k esa ys[kd us mu yksxksa ij O;aX; fd;k gS] tks viuh lH;rk vkSj laLo`Qfr dks
Hkwyrs tk jgs gSaA
([k) yksx m¡QV dks ns[krs Fks vkSj g¡lrs FksA oqQN dgrs Fks fd oQydRrs esa Å¡V ugha gksrk] blhfy,
êksgu esys* okyksa us bl fofp=k tkuoj dk n'kZu djk;k gSA
(x) ys[kd ekjokfM+;ksa dh Hkk"kk le> ysrs Fks] blfy, mUgsa yxk fd os ekjokM+ osQ m¡QV dh
Hkk"kk Hkh le> ysaxsA
(?k) igys m¡QV dk mi;ksx [ksrh djus] cks>k <ksus] lokjh djus vkfn dk;ks± esa fd;k tkrk FkkA
(Ä) var esa ys[kd us m¡QV dks mykguk fn;k fd vc euq"; us izxfr dj yh gSA blfy, ¶m¡QV
ij p<+us okys lnk m¡QV ij gh p<+sa] ;g oqQN ckr ugha gSA¸
2- (d) rjax (iii) ygj

([k) gkf”kj (iv) mifLFkr
(x) okRlY; (v) eerk
(?k) <k¡iuk (i) <duk

(Ä) ckt (ii) ?kksM+k
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) lacaèk dkjd ([k) lacaèk dkjd (x) drkZ dkjd
(?k) laiznku dkjd (Ä) vfèkdj.k dkjd
2- (d) vklUu ([k) peZ (x) owQy (?k) foLe; (Ä) ewy
3- (d) cfgjax ([k) ekSf[kd (x) LokFkZ (?k) 'kkar (Ä) e`nq
rr
45
7 bls txkvks
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) euq"; dks
([k) oDr ij tkxus ls lHkh dk;Z iw.kZ gksaxsA csoDr tkxus ij lc vkxs fudy tk,¡xsA
(x) viuRo dk Hkko @ gd dk Hkko
(?k) lius ns[kuk µ vPNh ckr gS ge mUgsa iwjk djus dk iz;Ru djrs gSaA
liuksa esa [kks, jguk µ vFkkZr~ oqQN u djuk osQoy lksprs jgukA
fyf[kr
1- (d) dfo us euq"; dks txkus dk vuqjksèk lwjt] iou o iaNh ls fd;k gSA
([k) thou dh nkSM+ esa euq"; blfy, fiNM+ tkrk gS] D;ksafd og vkylh cudj lp ls cs[kcj
jgrk gSA
(x) euq"; vius ls vkxs fudyus okys vius lkfFk;ksa dk lkFk ikus osQ fy, tkxus ij ?kcjkdj
Hkkxrk gSA
(?k) vkneh tc liuksa dh ŒÈÁŸÿÊ esa [kksdj thou dh okLrfodrk ls eq¡g eksM+ cSBrk gS] rc
og lp ls cs[+kcj gks tkrk gSA
2- (d) (ii) ([k) (iv) (x) (i) (?k) (i)
ewY;ijd iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
lwjt Kku dk] iou xfr dk rFkk iaNh ok.kh dk izrhd gSA
O;fDr dks le; dk lnqi;ksx dj lrr deZ'khy jguk pkfg,A vkyl dk R;kx djuk] ;FkkFkZoknh
cuuk vkSj 'kkjhfjd o ekufld :i ls LoLFk jguk pkfg,A
46
Hkk"kk Kku
1- (d) HkbZ iou] ”kjk bl vkneh dks fgykvksA
([k) HkbZ lwjt] bl vkneh dks txkvksA
(x) HkbZ i{kh] blosQ dkuksa esa fpYykvksA
iou] i{kh vkSj lwjt dk ekuohdj.kA
2- (d) lwjt µ fnudj] HkkLdj] jfo
([k) vkneh µ ekuo] euq";] balku
(x) iou µ ok;q] vfuy] gok
(?k) lp µ lR;] ;FkkFkZ] fo'oLr
(Ä) iaNh µ i{kh] uHkpj] fpfM+;k
(p) dku µ d.kZ
nwjnf'kZrk
(d) liuksa esa [kksus dk vFkZ gSµlPpkbZ dks u ns[kuk ;k fiQj mlls eq¡g eksM+dj dkYifud
nqfu;k dks gh lp eku cSBukA
([k) vius mn~ns'; dks ikus osQ fy, le; dk lnqi;ksx djrs gq, dM+k ifjJe djuk f{kiz xfr
gSA ?kcjkdj Hkkxuk f{kiz xfr ugha] D;ksafd mlesa ?kcjkgV gS] ;kstuk ughaA vr% fxjus dk
[krjk gSA
^?kcjkdj Hkkxus* esa Bksdj [kkdj fxjus dk [krjk gS] D;ksafd euq"; lroZQ ugha gSA
liuksa dh nqfu;k esa [kksuk loZFkk vuqfpr Hkh ugha] D;ksafd euq"; vius liuksa dks iwjk djus osQ
fy, gh ifjJe djrk gSA lius mls vkxs c<+us dh izsj.kk nsrs gSa] ijarq osQoy liuksa dh nqfu;k
esa [kksdj vkylh cus jguk vkSj vdeZ.; cus jguk loZFkk vuqfpr gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps viuh dYiuk ls vyx&vyx mRrj nsaxs_ tSls irax] Hkaojk] nhid vkfnA
^HkbZ* 'kCn osQ iz;ksx ls vkReh;rk dk cksèk gks jgk gSA
47
vkb,] oqQN djsa
• Mh&1@74] lR;ekxZ
pk.kD;iqjh] ubZ fnYyh
6 vxLr] 20XX
fiz;oj ;'k]
eSa ;gk¡ oqQ'kyrkiwoZd gw¡ vkSj bZ'oj ls rqEgkjh oqQ'kyrk dh dkeuk djrk gw¡A dy eq>s rqEgkjs fe=k dk
i=k feyk vkSj ;g i<+dj cgqr nq[k gqvk fd rqe i<+kbZ esa è;ku u nsdj vkyL; esa gh Mwcs jgrs gksA
vc rqe igys dh vis{kk ifjJeh Hkh ugha jgsA thou esa vH;kl vkSj ifjJe djus ls gh ekufld]
ckSn~fèkd o vkè;kfRed mUufr gksuk laHko gSA vH;kl ls gh iw.kZrk izkIr gksrh gSA
gekjs thou osQ ;s o"kZ cgqr gh egRRoiw.kZ gSaA le; rFkk volj fdlh dh izrh{kk ugha
djrsA vkt ;fn rqe viuk le; vkyl esa x¡ok nksxs] rks ckn esa flok; iNrkus osQ oqQN gkFk
ugha vk,xkA ek¡&ckcw th us rqEgsa ysdj fdrus lius latks, gSa] mUgsa iwjk djuk rqEgkjk drZO; gSA
vk'kk djrk gw¡ fd esjh ckrksa dks vU;Fkk u ysrs gq, fLFkfr dh xaHkhjrk dks le>ksxsA
rqEgkjk 'kqHkkdka{kh
jkt
48
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 ¾ 10

(d) dfo us lwjt vkSj iou ls vkneh dks txkus osQ fy, D;ksa dgk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) vkneh ;fn le; ij ugha tkxsxk] rks D;k gksxk\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) dfo us ^?kcjk osQ Hkkxuk* rFkk ^f{kiz xfr* dks vyx D;ksa crk;k gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) vkneh dks txkus osQ fy, dfo us lwjt] iou] iaNh dk gh p;u D;ksa fd;k\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) izLrqr dfork dk D;k mn~ns'; gS\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) ltx µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) f{kiz µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( x) vkxzg µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) csoDr µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) {k.k µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
49
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 & 6 ¾ 6

(d) dkYifud µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
([k) izLrqr µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
(x) iz;Ru'khy µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
(?k) f{kiz µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
(Ä) mn~ns'; µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
(p) orZuh µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) vuqt µ --------------------------- ([k) mRlkg µ ---------------------------
(x) dfu"B µ --------------------------- (?k) vkKk µ ---------------------------
(Ä) bPNk µ ---------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ ½ & 8 ¾ 4
(d) Hkqou µ ---------------------------

([k) ifj.kke µ ---------------------------
Hkou µ --------------------------- ifjek.k µ ---------------------------
(x) nhu µ --------------------------- (?k) olu µ ---------------------------
fnu µ --------------------------- O;lu µ ---------------------------
50
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- dYiuk dhft, fd lwjt] iou] pk¡n ,d fnu NqV~Vh eukus pys tk,¡] rks laiw.kZ i`Foh dk
D;k gksxk\ 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- îzR;sd dk;Z dks le; ij djuk pkfg,A* bl iafDr ij vius fopkj fyf[k,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) dfo us lwjt vkSj iou ls vkneh dks txkus dk vkxzg blfy, fd;k gS fd og thou dh
okLrfodrkvksa ls cs[kcj gSA og dYiuk&yksd esa fopj.k dj jgk gSA
([k) vkneh ;fn le; ij ugha tkxsxk rks thou dh nkSM+ esa ihNs jg tk,xk] vU; yksx mlls
vkxs fudy tk,¡xsA
(x) dfo us ^?kcjk dj Hkkxuk* rFkk ^f{kiz xfr* dks vyx blfy, crk;k gS] D;ksafd euq";
eqlhcr ls Mjdj tc Hkkxrk gS rc ^?kcjkdj Hkkxuk* dgykrk gSA ^f{kiz xfr* mldh gksrh
gS] tks ltx gksrk gS rFkk ftldks vius y{; ij Hkjkslk gksrk gSA
(?k) vkneh dks txkus osQ fy, dfo us lwjt] iou] iaNh dk gh p;u blfy, fd;k gS] D;ksafd
izÑfr osQ ;s lHkh vax lnSo le; osQ ikcan gksrs gSaA ;s dHkh vkyl ugha djrsA le; osQ
vuqlkj rFkk vuq'kklu esa jgdj vius lkjs dk;Z djrs gSaA
(Ä) izLrqr dfork dk ;g mn~ns'; gS fd O;fDr vkyL; NksM+dj thou esa vkxs c<+us osQ fy,
lrr iz;Ru'khy jgsA
2- (d) euq"; dks lnSo ltx jgdj vius dk;Z djus pkfg,A

([k) phafV;k¡ f{kiz xfr ls pyrs gq, Hkkstu bdV~Bk djrh gSaA
(x) jksgu us jfo ls mlosQ ?kj vkus dk vkxzg fd;kA
(?k) csoDr lksuk LokLF; osQ fy, vPNk ugha gSA

(Ä) eksfgr] blh {k.k ?kj osQ vanj vkvksA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) o~Q $ vk $ y~ $ i~ $ v $ u~ $ b $ o~Q $ v
([k) i~ $ j $ v~ $ l~ $ r~ $ m $ r~ $ v
(x) i~ $ j~ $ v $ ;~ $ v $ r~ $ u~ $ v $ 'k~ $ bZ $ y~ $ v
(?k) o~Q $ "k~ $ b $ i~ $ j~ $ v
(Ä) m $ n~ $ n~ $ , $ 'k~ $ ;~ $ v
(p) o~ $ v $ j~ $ r~ $ v $ u~ $ bZ
2- (d) vxzt ([k) fu#Rlkg (x) ofj"B (?k) voKk (Ä) vfuPNk
3- (d) Hkqou µ lalkj ([k) ifj.kke µ urhtk
Hkou µ ?kj ifjek.k µ eki&rkSy
(x) nhu µ xjhc (?k) olu µ oL=k
fnu µ fnol O;lu µ vknr
rr
52
8 rsjg rkjh[k vkSj
'kqØokj dk fnu
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) cw<+h ek¡] iRuh vkSj cPpsA
([k) vaxzs”kh tgk”kh lsuk esa ,d iuMqCch ^lcesjhu* dkA
(x) pfpZy usA
(?k) îQLVZ ykWMZ vkWiQ ,MfejSYVh* osQ in ijA
(Ä) teZuh esaA
fyf[kr
1- (d) pfpZy dk rkj i<+dj czkmu blfy, LrCèk jg x;k] D;ksafd og ukSdjh ls eqDr gksdj
isa'ku ik jgk Fkk vkSj oSls Hkh ml le; teZuh esa ?kksj ;qn~èk gks jgk FkkA
([k) ;qn~èk osQ nkSjku Hkweè; lkxj esa teZuh dh iuMqfCc;ksa vkSj rqdhZ osQ ,d ^MsªMukV* Hkkjh&
Hkjde i- QkSth tgktksa osQ minzo ls ;qn~èk us Hk;kud :i èkkj.k dj fy;kA
(x) lcesjhu dks ns[kdj czkmu osQ psgjs ij gokb;k¡ blfy, mM+us yxha] D;ksafd lcesjhu [kLrk
gkyr esa FkhA mldk yksgk&yaxj] dkB&dckM+ vkSj fudyh gqbZ dhysa mldh uhykeh dh
lwpuk ns jgh FkhaA og lcesjhu fcyoqQy csdkj gks pqdh FkhA og ;qn~èk osQ yk;d ugha FkhA
(?k) czkmu dks 13 fnlacj] 'kqØokj osQ fnu owQp djuk FkkA ;g fnu o rkjh[k eugwl ekuh
tkrh gS] blfy, mldh ek¡ vkSj iRuh ?kcjk xb±A
(Ä) lcesjhu dks vius xarO; LFky rd igq¡pkus esa czkmu dks vusd dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk
djuk iM+kA dgha&dgha leqnz osQ vanj tyeXu igkfM+;k¡ Fkha] mu igkfM+;ksa dh ryh&ryh
pDdj dkVrk gqvk czkmu vkxs c<+kA vkxs pydj dgha lqjaxksa osQ rkjksa dk tky Fkk] rks
dgha yksgs osQ yacs&yacs dhy FksA mu lcls cprs gq, czkmu us lcesjhu dks dNq, dh
xfr ls vkxs c<+k;kA
2- (d) (i) ([k) (iii) (x) (ii) (?k) (iii) (Ä) (i)
53
ewY;ijd iz'u
^MsªMukV* dks u"V djus osQ ckn Hkh czkmu vkSj mlosQ lkFkh tyeXu jgs] D;ksafd mUgsa lansg Fkk
fd rqdhZ csM+k lc txg mudh [kkst djsxk] blfy, mUgsa Hkze esa Mkyus osQ fy, os tyeXu gh
⁄U„UA
czkmu osQ pfj=k dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ ge viukuk pkgsaxsµ
(d) n`<+ fu'p;hµczkmu n`<+ fu'p;h FkkA lhfer lk/uksa o izfrowQy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh og
vius n`<+ fu'p; ls vkxs c<+ ldkA
([k) ns'kizsehµczkmu ns'k&izseh FkkA ekr`Hkwfe dh ,d iqdkj ij og cM+s&ls&cM+k [krjk mBkus
dks rS;kj gks x;kA
(x) [kqyh lkspµczkmu dks vi'kxqu] eugwl fnu o rkjh[k tSls va/fo'oklksa ij fcYoqQy
Hkjkslk ugha FkkA mls vius lkgl o vkRefo'okl ij vf/d Hkjkslk FkkA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
ml lcesjhu dks tgk”kh csM+s ls fudkyk tk pqdk Fkk] vc osQoy uhyke djuk ckdh FkkA bldk
yksgk&yaxj] dkB&dckM+ vkSj Ng&Ng bap mQij fudyrh gqbZ f<cjh&dhysa dckM+h osQ dke rks
vk ldrs Fks] ijarq leqnz esa Mwcdj ehyksa jkLrk VVksyrs gq, rqoQhZ osQ MªsMukV osQ ikl igq¡pdj
mldk foèoal djuk rks vlaHko&lk tku iM+ jgk FkkA blfy, czkmu osQ psgjs ij gokb;k¡ mM+us
yxhA
MªsMukV osQ u"V gksrs gh czkmu osQ lgk;d uk;d us ogk¡ ls py nsus dks dgk] ijarq czkmu us
bldk izfrokn djrs gq, dgk fd rqdhZ dk csM+k gekjh [kkst b/j&m/j lc txg djsxkA mls
fo'okl gksxk fd ge cpus osQ fy, vfoyac Hkkx fudys gksaxsA dbZ ?kaVs os lHkh lcesjhu osQ
lkFk tyeXu gh jgsA rRi'pkr~ lcesjhu dks lko/kuh ls f[kldk;k vkSj viuh eafty rd igq¡psA
bl lcosQ fy, gh czkmu us lgk;d uk;d dk fojks/ fd;k FkkA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) orZeku dky µ (i) gesa dgkuh lqukvks] dgkuh vHkh vèkwjh gSA
(ii) bl ukSdk dh ftruh vkSj tSlh ejEer gks ldrh gS] rqjar djokrk gw¡A
([k) Hkwrdky µ (i) lk¡> gks pqdh FkhA
(ii) lcesjhu tgk”kh dkj[kkus osQ ckM+s esa ,d Ã⁄U$»§ leqnz osQ fdukjs
iM+h FkhA
(x) Hkfo";r dky µ (i) mlh dks ysdj rqEgsa vius lkfFk;ksa lfgr ;k=kk djuh iM+sxhA
(ii) ^^nknk] rqe tk jgs gksA gesa dgkuh dkSu lquk,xkA**
54
2- (d) erkuqlkj (d) ijekuan (d) f'k{kkFkhZ
([k) LokFkZ ([k) /ekZRek ([k) ;FkkFkZ
(x) lw;kZLr (x) lkdkj (x) lsokFkZ
(?k) 'kCnkFkZ (?k) U;k;ky; (?k) js[kkadu
(Ä) HkkokFkZ (Ä) fgeky; (Ä) lhekar
3- (d) fpark esa eXu ([k) g"kZ esa eXu (x) ty esa eXu (?k) vkuan esa eXu
(Ä) dk;Z esa oqQ'ky (p) x`g esa izos'k (N) /eZ esa ohj (t) yksd esa fiz;
(>) ;qn~/ esa ohj (×k) è;ku esa eXu
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjnf'kZrk
cPps Lo;a vuqPNsn fy[ksaxsA
ge czkmu dh ek¡ dh bl ckr ls iw.kZr;k lger gSaA muosQ vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh rkjh[k ;k dksbZ Hkh
fnu ijkØeh osQ fy, eugwl ugha gksrkA euq"; us vius vaèkfo'oklksa osQ vkèkkj ij 'kxqu o vi'kxqu
tSls 'kCnksa dks cuk;k gSA fdlh O;fDr dk fdlh fnu dksbZ vPNk dk;Z gks tk, rks og fnu 'kqHk
gS] ;fn oqqQN xyr gks tk, rks yksx ml fnu dks v'kqHk ekurs gSaA lHkh fnu bZ'oj osQ cuk, gq,
gSa vkSj 'kqHk gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
czkmu vius cPpksa dks ,slh dgkfu;k¡ lqukrk gksxk] tks ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk ls vksr&izksr gksA
og ohj o egku iq#"kksa dh dgkfu;k¡ lqukrk gksxk] ftlls cPps izsj.kk ys losaQA mudk pkfjf=kd
fodkl gks vkSj os LokFkZ] ykyp] dBksj ân; vkfn cqjkb;ksa ls nwj jgdj fouez o ijksidkjh rFkk
n`<+fu'p;h cu losaQA
cPps f'k{kd @ f'kf{kdk dh enn ls lekpkj rS;kj djsaxsA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
jkWcVZ ozsQx (Robert Craig)µU.S.A.–Congressional medal of Honour
ej.kksijkar (lsosaQM ysfÝVusaV) inµU.S. Army, 15th infantryµmlus LosPNk ls ml f”kEesnkjh dk
dk;ZHkkj laHkkyk] ftlesa [krjk FkkA mldk dke Fkk nq'euksa n~okjk fNikbZ xbZ e'khuxu dks <w¡<+uk
o mls u"V djukA bl e'khuxu osQ dkj.k mldh lsuk vkxs c<+us esa vleFkZ FkhA mlls igys
;g dk;Z djus dk iz;kl rhu vU; vfèkdkjh dj pqosQ Fks] ijarq os vliQy jgsA ;gk¡ rd fd
os cqjh rjg ?kk;y Hkh gks x,A lsuk esa fujk'kk Nk xbZA rc jkWcVZ us cgknqjh ls bl dfBu dk;Z
dks dj fn[kk;kA
55
F;ksMj #”kosYV twfu;j (Theodare Roosevelt Jr.)µCongressional medal of Honour
ej.kksijkar fcxzsfM;j tujyµU.S. ArmyµizQkal osQ ukjes.Mh (Narmandy) chp ij lsuk dks mrkjus
osQ fy, ∑§Ê$»§Ë eghuksa ls rS;kjh dh tk jgh FkhA Allied Forcesµla;qDr ekspsZ osQ lHkh lnL; ,d
lkFk bl dk;Z esa tqVs FksA teZuh ij dC”kk djus gsrq rFkk ;qn~èk dks gjkus osQ fy, fofHkUu ns'kksa
osQ yk[kksa lSfudksa dks ikuh osQ tgk”kksa o gokbZ tgk”kksa osQ ekè;e ls ,d lkFk ukjes.Mh chp
ij mrkjus tSlk vlaHko dk;Z fcxzsfM;j tujy osQ fujh{k.k rFkk uk;dRo osQ varxZr fd;k x;kA
;kstuk cukus ls ysdj mls dk;kZfUor djus dk lkjk dk;Z mUgha osQ usr`Ro esa fd;k x;kA
bZúvkbZúvysfeu (E I Alamein)µyM+kbZ esa ckj&ckj vliQy gksus osQ ckotwn Hkh bUgksaus fgEer
ugha gkjh o viuh lsuk dk eukscy c<+krs gq, bUgksaus fot; izkIr dhA budh dbZ ckj vkykspuk
Hkh gqbZA var esa pfpZy dks dguk gh iM+k fd “Before Alamein we never had a victory, after
Alamein we never had a defeat.”
lkbeks gk;~;k (Simo Hayha)µlkbeks us n~forh; fo'o;qn~/ esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA nq'euksa
osQ chp budks “White Death” dh mikf/ nh xbZ FkhA lkbeks ,d iz[kj fu'kkusck”k Fks] bUgksaus
dbZ nq'euksa dks ekSr osQ ?kkV mrkjk FkkA
56
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

(d) bl ikB osQ ys[kd dkSu gSa\ mudk ifjp; nhft,A
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) rkj igq¡pus ls igys czkmu osQ ?kj dh fLFkfr oSQlh Fkh\
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) pfpZy us dkSu&lk egRRoiw.kZ dk;Z czkmu osQ lqiqnZ fd;k Fkk\
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) D;k ns[kdj czkmu dks fujk'kk gqbZ\
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) bl ikB osQ n~okjk D;k lans'k fn;k x;k gS\
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) tSls gh og pfpZy osQ -------------------- esa igq¡pk] pfpZy us rqjar cqyk fy;kA

([k) iRuh dh -------------------- n`f"V esa Hkh iz'u FkkA
(x) czkmu vaxzs”kh ”kgk”kh lsuk esa ,d iuMqCch -------------------- dk uk;d jg pqdk FkkA
(?k) mldh ek¡ -------------------- ys jgh FkhA

(Ä) isa'ku ns nh gS] czkmu dks -------------------- ysus nsaA
57
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) ijkØeh µ ------- $ ------- $
------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
([k) cqn~fèkeku µ ------- $ ------- $
------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
(x) ekr`Hkwfe µ ------- $ ------- $
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
$ $ $ $ $
(?k) foèoal µ ------- $ ------- $
------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
(Ä) 'kqØokj µ ------- $ ------- $
------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks vusdkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) vfy µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
([k) voZQ µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
(x) irax µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
(?k) tyt µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
(Ä) dky µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa esa eatw"kk ls 'kCn pqudj Hkfj,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

vewY;] gkl&ifjgkl] bPNk] nq[k] ijh{kd
(d) ?kaVh ctrs gh gekjs -------------------------------- ijh{kk&gkWy esa vk x,A

([k) nksLr feyrs gh vkil esa -------------------------------- djus yxrs gSaA
(x) esjs fy, esjh ek¡ dk I;kj -------------------------------- gSA
(?k) esjh -------------------------------- gS fd eSa vius ns'k dk uke jks'ku d:¡A
(Ä) rqEgkjh lgk;rk u dj ikus dk eq>s cgqr -------------------------------- gSA
58
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- gekjs ns'k esa vusd oqQizFkkvksa dk izpyu gS_ tSlsµcqjh u”kj dk yxuk] fcYyh dk jkLrk
dkVuk bR;kfnA vki bUgsa fdl gn rd fo'oluh; ekurs gSa\ fyf[k,A 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- n~forh; fo'o;qn~èk esa Hkkjr dh D;k Hkwfedk Fkh\ baVjusV ls irk djosQ fyf[k,A 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
59
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) bl ikB osQ ys[kd oànkouyky oekZ gSaA budk tUe 9 iQjojh] 1889 dks emQjkuhiqj (>k¡lh)
esa gqvk FkkA lkfgR; lsok osQ fy, Hkkjr ljdkj us bUgsa în~e Hkw"k.k* dh mikfèk ls foHkwf"kr
fd;kA vkxjk fo'ofon~;ky; us bUgsa Mhú fyV~ú dh ekud mikfèk iznku dh A budh izeq[k
jpuk,¡ ^>k¡lh dh jkuh*] ê`xu;uh* vkfn gSaA
([k) rkj
igq¡pus ls iwoZ czkmu viuh cw<+h ek¡] iRuh vkSj nks cPpksa osQ lkFk dejs esa cSBk
vkx rki jgk FkkA lkFk gh vius vkSj lkfFk;ksa osQ leqnzh vuqHko lquk jgk FkkA cPps
rYyhurk ls mls lqu jgs FksA mldh ek¡ >idh ys jgh Fkh vkSj iRuh x`gLFkh dh fdlh
leL;k esa my>h gqbZ FkhA
(x) rqdhZ dk ^MªsMukV* tgk”k Hkweè; lkxj esa [kM+k mRikr epk jgk FkkA pfpZy us ml
mRikr dks lekIr djus dk egRRoiw.kZ dk;Z czkmu osQ lqiqnZ fd;kA
(?k) czkmu dks fujk'kk ml lcesjhu (tyeXu ukSdk) dks ns[kdj gqbZ ftlosQ n~okjk mls
rqdhZ osQ ml ^MªsMukV* dks èoLr djuk Fkk tks Hkweè; lkxj esa mRikr epk jgk FkkA
(Ä) bl ikB osQ n~okjk lans'k fn;k x;k gS fd gesa ekrèwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, lnSo rRij
jguk pkfg,A
2- (d) dk;kZy; ([k) mRlqd (x) lcesjhu (?k) >idh (Ä) foJke
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) i~ $ v $ j~ $ vk $ o~Q $ j~ $ v $ e~ $ bZ
([k) c~
$ m $ n~ $ èk~ $ b $ e~ $ vk $ u~ $ v
(x) e~ $ vk $ r~ $ Í $ Hk~ $ mQ $ e~ $ b
(?k) o $ b $ èk~ $ o~ $ v $ u~ $ l~ $ v
(Ä) 'k~ $ m $ o~Q $ j~ $ v $ o~ $ vk $ j~ $ v
2- (d) HkkSajk] l[kh ([k) lw;Z] jl
(x) i{kh] vkleku esa Mksjh osQ lgkjs mM+kbZ tkus okyh oLrq
(?k) dey] eNyh (Ä) le;] e`R;q
3- (d) ijh{kd ([k) gkl&ifjgkl (x) vewY; (?k) bPNk (Ä) nq[k
rr
60
9 viuk&viuk HkkX;
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) jQbZ osQ js'ks&ls] Hkki&ls ckny fljksa dks Nwrs ;gk¡&ogk¡ fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA gyosQ izdk'k vkSj v¡èksjs esa
os dHkh uhys] dHkh lisQn rks dHkh yky fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA
([k) fonk ysdj vius gksVy pys x,A
(x) mlosQ ekfyd us mls ekjk ftlls og ej x;kA
(?k) ;g 'kh"kZd dgkuh osQ ewyHkko ij vk/kfjr gSA ys[kd rFkk mldk fe=k vius drZO;ksa ls eq¡g
eksM+dj ;s dgrs gSa fd ftlosQ HkkX; esa tks fy[kk gksrk gS mls ogh feyrk gSA yM+osQ dh n;uh;
fLFkfr mUgsa mlosQ HkkX; dh nsu yxrh gSA blfy, 'kk;n bldk uke ;g j[kk x;kA
fyf[kr
1- (d) uSuhrky esa ys[kd vkSj mlosQ fe=k us Hkki ls cknyksa dks mM+rs] rky esa fdf'r;ksa esa ?kwers
vaxzs”k ;kf=k;ksa o igkM+h yksxksa dks ?kksM+ksa dh yxke Fkkes Hkkxrs ns[kkA blosQ vfrfjDr BaM esa
fBBqjrs ,d xzkeh.k cPps dks ns[kk] ftlosQ ikl u [kkus dks [kkuk Fkk] u iguus dks diM+s
Fks vkSj u gh flj fNikus dh dksbZ txg FkhA
([k) ys[kd rFkk mlosQ fe=kksa osQ ikl 10&10 osQ uksV Fks] tks os nsuk ugha pkgrs FksA blls mudk
ctV xM+cM+k tkrkA blfy, os pkgdj Hkh lgk;rk ugha dj ik,A
(x) ys[kd osQ ;g iwNus ij fd bruh BaM esa rw dgk¡ lks,xk] mlus dgk ^;gha dgha] csap ij]
isM+ osQ uhps] fdlh nqdku dh HkV~Vh esa] rc ys[kd dh fLFkfr vleatl dh Fkh fd dksV
igudj Hkh gekjs vanj rd BaM ?kql jgh Fkh vkSj ;g NksVk&lk yM+dk bruh BaM esa ckgj
[kqys esa lksus dh ckr dj jgk FkkA
(?k) gksVy ykSVdj fe=k us ys[kd ls dgk fd cM+h ljnh gS vkSj ml yM+osQ osQ ikl cgqr de
diM+s gSaA rc ys[kd us viuh yTtk dks fNikus osQ fy, nk'kZfud curs gq, mRrj fn;k
fd igys [kqn dh lkspks] fiQj fdlh vkSj dhA fe=k us Hkh viuh f”kEesnkjh ls eq¡g eksM+rs
gq, ;gh mRrj fn;k fd ge LokFkhZ] cs'keZ o fu"Bqj gSaA
61
(Ä) ^vknfe;ksa dh nqfu;k* us yM+osQ osQ ikl osQoy ejus osQ fy, txg] nl cjl dh mez vkSj
dkys phFkM+ksa okyh deh”k migkj osQ :i esa NksM+h FkhA
2- (d) (iii) ([k) (ii) (x) (iii) (?k) (i) (Ä) (iii)
3- (d) () ([k) () (x) () (?k) ()
4- (d) (i) ys[kd us fe=k ls dgk
(d) (i) odhy lkgc us ys[kd ls dgk
ewY;ijd iz'u
odhy lkgc us yM+oQs dks ukSdjh u nsus osQ fy, tks roZQ fn,] blls mudh bl ekufldrk dk irk
pyrk gS fd os lqfoèkkthoh gSa] viuh vehjh o 'kku&'kkSdr osQ vkxs fdlh vkSj dks oqQN ugha
le>rsA nwljksa dh etcwjh] xjhch o n;uh;rk dk mUgsa ”kjk&lk Hkh vglkl ugha gSA os ekuoh;rk
ls dkslksa nwj osQoy viuh lqfoèkk osQ nk;js esa gh lhfer gSaA ge yM+osQ dh enn vo'; djrsA
;fn eq>s dHkh dksbZ ,slk cPpk feys] ftls esjh enn dh vko';drk gks rks eSa mls igys isV
Hkjdj Hkkstu djkm¡Qxk] rRi'pkr~ eSa mldh ;FkklaHko enn d:¡xk] ¯drq eSa mldh lgk;rk osQ
fy, #i;ksa dk nku u djosQ mlosQ Hkhrj i<+us&fy[kus dh Hkkouk o vkRefo'okl txkm¡Qxk]
D;ksafd fdlh Hkh dk;Z dh liQyrk osQ fy, e”kcwr bPNk'kfDr o vkRefo'okl dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA vius gh ?kj esa mldh jgus dh O;oLFkk dj nw¡xkA mls ,d vkn'kZ o f”kEesnkj ukxfjd
cukm¡QxkA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
(d) tc ys[kd o mldk fe=k vutku yM+osQ ls mlosQ ?kj&ifjokj osQ ckjs esa iwNrs gSa] rc
og crkrk gS fd ftl lkFkh osQ lkFk og xk¡o ls Hkkx vk;k Fkk] og vc ej pqdk gSA
rc ys[kd dks vglkl gksrk gS fd bruh NksVh mez esa ekSr tSls Hk;kud lR; ls mldk
ifjp; gks x;k gSA bruh&lh mez esa tgk¡ nwljs cPps cpiu esa [ksyrs&owQnrs] [kkrs&ihrs gSa]
;g yM+dk thou dh dM+oh lPpkb;ksa dks Hkksxdj e`R;q dh xksn esa pyk x;kA
([k) tc yksxksa us ys[kd dks crk;k fd tks xjhc yM+dk ejk gS] mlosQ 'kjhj dks ’⁄U$»§ dh
gydh pknj us ∑§$»§Ÿ osQ :i esa yisV j[kk Fkk] rc ys[kd osQ eu esa ;g fopkj vkrk gS
fd vknfe;ksa dh bl nqfu;k us mls xjhch] Hkq[kejh o csclh osQ vykok oqQN ugha fn;kA
;gk¡ rd fd dM+kosQ dh BaM esa mls ejus osQ fy, NksM+ fn;kA vkèkqfud lekt dk LokFkhZ
euq"; ckyd osQ e`r 'kjhj dks <dus osQ fy, ∑§$»§Ÿ Hkh ugha nsxk] blfy, izÑfr us ekuks
nqfu;k dh bl cs'kehZ dks <dus osQ fy, mlosQ ∑§$»§Ÿ dk izcaèk dj fn;kA ;gk¡ ys[kd us
lekt osQ lqfoèkkthoh oxZ ij djkjk O;aX; fd;k x;k gSA
62
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- vius&vius] fdukjs&fdukjs] ns[krs&gh&ns[krs] Nw&Nw] Vi&Vi] pqi&pqi] nl&nl] cPps&cPps vkfnA
2- 'kCn milxZ ewy'kCn izR;;
LoHkko Lo Hkko µ
vkpj.k vk pj.k µ
lgkuqHkwfr lg $ vuq Hkwr b
dBksjrk µ dBksj rk
izdk'k iz dk'k µ
lEeku le~ eku µ
f”kEesnkjh µ ftEesnkj bZ
3- ”kjk vaxzs”k lI+ksQnh [+kkd e”kkd jks”k
nwjnf'kZrk
^viuk&viuk HkkX;* dgkuh dk 'kh"kZd ikB osQ ewyHkko ij vkèkkfjr gSA ys[kd o mldk fe=k
;g dgdj fd izR;sd bulku osQ HkkX; esa tks oqQN fy[kk gksrk gS] mls ogh feyrk gSµviuh
f”kEesnkjh ls eq¡g eksM+ ysrs gSaA mUgksaus ml yM+osQ dh xjhch] csjks”kxkjh o n;uh; n'kk dks mlosQ
HkkX; dh nsu dgk gS] u fd lkekftd O;oLFkk dhA ;gh O;aX; dgkuh dk ewyHkko gSA vr%
bldk 'kh"kZd lkFkZd gSA
blosQ vusd dkj.k gks ldrs gSa_ tSls xk¡o esa jks”kxkj dh deh] xjhch] ifjokj esa cPpksa dh
la[;k vfèkd o dekus okys de] ?kj dk okrkoj.k] 'kgjksa dk vkd"kZ.k vkfnA
ys[kd lekt osQ ,sls oxZ dh vksj b'kkjk djrk gS] tks lqfoèkkthoh] mPp rFkk laiUu gSA gekjs
lekt dh okLrfodrk ;g gS fd lhfer] ladh.kZ o ijaijkoknh fopkjksa osQ caèku esa tdM+s gq,
yksx pkgdj Hkh fdlh dh lgk;rk osQ fy, vkxs ugha vkrsA blls ys[kd mu yksxksa dh vksj
laosQr djrs gSa] tks mQijh rkSj ij rks laosnuk osQ mPpLrj dk Li'kZ djus dk fn[kkok djrs gSa]
¯drq ;FkkFkZ ,oa cqfu;knh Lrj ij os futh LokFkZ dh ubZ ifjHkk"kk,¡ jprs gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
oSls rks eSa ewy :i ls jsfxLrkuh 'kgj jktLFkku dk jgus okyk gw¡] tgk¡ Hkh"k.k xjeh esa thou&
;kiu djuk iM+rk gSA eSaus vusd LFkkuksa dh ;k=kk dh gS] ij esjs fy, mRrjkapy osQ uSuhrky
dh ioZrh; ;k=kk vfoLej.kh; gSA mldh ;knsa vkt Hkh esjs ekul iVy ij vafdr gSaA ge lc
fe=kksa us xjfe;ksa dh NqV~fV;ksa esa ?kweus tkus dk dk;ZØe cuk;kA cpiu ls gh ioZrh; {ks=k eq>s
fo'ks"k :i ls vkdf"kZr djrs gSa blfy, eSaus fe=kksa osQ le{k uSuhrky tkus dh bPNk O;Dr dhA
os Hkh lgt rS;kj gks x,A bl izdkj gekjh ;k=kk izkjaHk gqbZA fnYyh osQ vkuan fogkj cl vM~Ms
63
ls geus LFkkuh; cl idM+hA èkhjs&èkhjs fnYyh ihNs NwVrh tk jgh FkhA ∑§Ê$»§Ë yach o Fkdk nsus
okyh ;k=kk osQ ckn vkf[kjdkj ge mRrjkapy osQ LoxZ uSuhrky igq¡p x,A twu ekg esa Hkh ogk¡
dh oqQu&oqQuh èkwi ∑§Ê$»§Ë vPNh yx jgh FkhA uSuhrky osQ rky esa ukSdk fogkj] NksVs&cM+s igk-
M+ksa ij mxh gqbZ >kfM+;k¡] lh<+huqek [ksr] flj ij lkeku <ksrh fL=k;k¡ uSuhrky dh [kwclwjrh rFkk
laLÑfr dh dFkk dg jgh FkhaA igkM+ksa ij p<+us esa cgqr dfBukbZ gks jgh Fkh] ysfdu mrjrs le;
<yku gksus osQ dkj.k vfèkd ijs'kkuh ugha gqbZA ioZrksa ij fxjh ‚$»§Œ ’$»¸§ uSuhrky dh lqanjrk esa
pkj&pk¡n yxk jgh FkhA jkr osQ le; ;gk¡ BaM c<+ tkrh gS] blls cpus osQ fy, ;gk¡ osQ yksx
mQuh oL=kksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa rFkk vkx rkirs gSaA ogk¡ tkdj gh eq>s igkM+h yksxksa osQ thou o
mudh dfBukb;ksa dk vkHkkl gqvkA lpeqp esjh ioZrh; ;k=kk thou dh vfoLej.kh; ;k=kk gS]
ftldh Le`fr lnSo esjs ekul iVy ij vafdr jgsxhA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
vè;kfidk dh enn ls iz'uksRrj lwph cuk ysus osQ i'pkr~ cPps lk{kkRdkj ysaxsA iz'uksRrj lwph
esa uke] irk] xk¡o dk uke] f'k{kk] dke] osru] ifjokj] dke djus dk le;] jgus dk LFkku
tSls iz'u vo'; lfEefyr gksus pkfg,A var esa rqyukRed vè;;u Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
64
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) uSuhrky dh laè;k oSQlh Fkh\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) yM+dk oSQlk fn[krk Fkk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) yM+dk ?kj ls D;ksa Hkkxk Fkk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) nksuksa fe=kksa us yM+osQ dks fdrus #i, nsdj enn dh\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) D;k lpeqp og yM+dk vius HkkX; osQ nks"k ls ekjk x;k\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) fdf'r;k¡ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ,dkxz µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) vfojr µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) vleatl µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) fu#n~ns'; µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
65
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- uhps fn, x, vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) ekal u [kkus okyk µ -----------------------------------------------------
([k) tks nwj dh lksps µ -----------------------------------------------------
(x) tks ns[kus ;ksX; gks µ -----------------------------------------------------
(?k) ftldk o.kZu u gks losQ µ -----------------------------------------------------
(Ä) tks djus ;ksX; u gks µ -----------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ rn~Hko :i fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) okuj µ ---------------------------------------
([k) eLrd µ ---------------------------------------
(x) nfèk µ ---------------------------------------
(?k) izgj µ ---------------------------------------
(Ä) oaQd.k µ ---------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk lafèk&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) ifj.kke µ --------------- $ ---------------
--------------- $ ---------------
([k) jkes'oj µ
--------------- $ ---------------
(x) laxfr µ
--------------- $ ---------------
(?k) enksUeRr µ
--------------- $ ---------------
(Ä) uk;d µ
66
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- cM+s&cM+s 'kgjksa esa cky&e”knwjh ,d xaHkhj leL;k gSA bldk lekèkku vki fdl izdkj dj
ldrs gSa\ 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- dYiuk dhft, fd vkius fe=kksa lfgr vius iqjkus diM+s] iqLrosaQ] f[kykSus bR;kfn nku djus
dk ladYi fd;kA bl ladYi dks vki fdl izdkj iQyhHkwr dj ldrs gSa\ 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
67
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) uSuhrky dh laè;k BaMh vkSj lqgkouh FkhA #bZ osQ js'ks osQ leku Hkki ls ckny yksxksa osQ fljksa
dks Nw&Nwdj csjksd&Vksd ?kwe jgs FksA gYosQ izdk'k vkSj vaèkdkj esa os dHkh uhys fn[krs Fks
rks dHkh lI+ksQn vkSj fiQj rfud nsj esa v#.k gks tkrs FksA
([k) yM+osQ
osQ cky cMs+&cM+s FksA og uaxs iSj FkkA mlus ,d eSyh&lh deh”k igu j[kh
FkhA og xksjs jax dk Fkk] ij eSy ls dkyk iM+ x;k FkkA mldh vk¡[ksa cM+h&cM+h ij
lwuh FkhaA ekFkk ekuks mruh&lh mez esa >qfjZ;ksa ls Hkj x;k FkkA
(x) yM+osQ osQ xk¡o esa dksbZ dke ugha FkkA dke u gksus ls Hkkstu Hkh ugha feyrk FkkA
mldk cki mls ekjrk FkkA vr% vius ls cM+s ,d lkFkh osQ lkFk og xk¡o ls Hkkx
vk;k FkkA
(?k) nksuksa fe=kksa us yM+oQs dks dksbZ #i, ugha fn,A osQoy vxys fnu feyus dk vk'oklu fn;kA
(Ä) ugha] og yM+dk HkkX; osQ nks"k osQ dkj.k ugha_ cfYd xjhch] BaM] ekuo rFkk lekt
dh fu"Bqjrk osQ dkj.k ekjk x;kA
2- (d) cPps ckfj'k osQ ikuh esa dkx”k dh fdf'r;k¡ rSjk jgs FksA

([k) eSa ,dkxz gksdj iqLrd i<+ jgk FkkA
(x) yM+dk vfojr esjh vksj ns[k jgk FkkA
(?k) gekjh ckr lqudj ckyd vleatl esa iM+ x;kA
(Ä) ge fu#n~ns'; lM+d ij ?kwe jgs FksA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) 'kkdkgkjh ([k) nwjn'khZ (x) n'kZuh; (?k) vo.kZuh; (Ä) vdj.kh;
2- (d) canj ([k) ekFkk (x) ngh (?k) igj (Ä) oaQxu
3- (d) ifj $ uke ([k) jke $ bZ'oj (x) le~ $ xfr
(?k) en $ mUeRr (Ä) uS $ vd
rr
68
10 thuk Hkh ,d dyk gS
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) dyk gSA
([k) ekuo osQ fy, tkuuk t:jh gS fd thou dks oSQls th;k tk,A
(x) fcuk ns[ks] le>s bl thou :ih jkLrs ij pyrk gSA
(?k) /hek gksrk gS] Hkhrj ls Mjs gksus osQ dkj.kA
(Ä) balku dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls ugha] viuksa ls Nyk tkrk gSA balku blfy, dfo us le> ls dke
ysus dks dgk gSA
fyf[kr
1- (d) lnhZ vkSj xehZ] lq[k&nq[k thou esa vkrs&tkrs jgrs gSa] buls ?kcjkuk ugha pkfg,A
([k) euekuh µ bPNkuqlkj dk;Z djuk
uknkuh µ ukle> cudj jguk
(x) lc oqQN tkudj Hkh vKkuh cudj dk;Z djuk vFkkZr~ vk¡[ksa can dj xqykc rksM+saxs] rks dk¡Vsa
pqHksaxsA mlh rjg fcuk lksps&le>s dk;Z djus ij vliQyrk gh feysxhA
(?k) ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk gksxk] vKkurk ls ckgj fudyuk gksxk] jQdkoVksa ls u ?kcjkdj
pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk gksxkA
(Ä) (i) BaMh le> dj cI+kZQ dks ih u tkuk] D;ksafd bldh rklhj xeZ gksrh gS vFkkZr~ ljy
le>dj 'kkar er gks tkukA cqn~f/ ls dke ysdj ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djukA
(ii) xjeh dh izpaMrk us ugha] BaMd us gh dey dks u"V dj fn;k vFkkZr~ thou thuk
,d dyk gSA foosd ls dke ysdj izse dk vkpj.k djrs gq, foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks
Lo;a osQ vuqowQy cukus dk iz;Ru djksA
69
2- (d) gjsd O;fDr vius rjhosQ ls thrk gSA lq[k&nq[k vkrs&tkrs jgrs gSaA O;fDr mUgsa oSQls viukrk
gS] ;g ml ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
([k) tks ladVksa dk lkeuk djrk gSA
(x) lalkj] fo'o
(?k) thou thuk dyk gS] blesa lq[k&nq[k] ladV] ekSt&eLrh] foijhr&vuqowQy ifjfLFkfr;k¡
vkrh&tkrh jgrh gS] ;s euq"; dh lksp gS] le> gS fd og mls oSQls vkSj fdl izdkj
viukrk gSA
ewY;ijd iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) vk¡[k µ u;u] us=k ([k) dey µ tyt] iadt
(x) ekuo µ euq";] balku (?k) nq[k µ d"V] ihM+k
(Ä) vkx µ vfXu] ikod (p) fge µ cI+kZQ] rqfgu
(N) mUufr µ rjDdh] izxfr (t) dksey µ uk”kqd] uje
2- (d) 'khr ([k) mrjuk (x) ejuk (?k) voufr (Ä) dBksj
(p) cqjk (N) rst (t) nq[k
3- rfud jQdks µ vjs! dgk¡ tk jgs gks\ rfud jQdks eq>s Hkh lkFk ys pyksA
vth µ vth vki rks bZn dk pk¡n gks x, gSa fn[kkbZ gh ugha nsrsA
th Hkj µ vkt eq>s th Hkj ns[k yks dy rks eSa vesjhdk tkus okyh gw¡A
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
nwjnf'kZrk
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
70
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) dfo us dyk fdls dgk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ^pV~Vkusa* fdldk izrhd crkbZ xbZ gSa\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) euq"; vk¡[ksa ew¡ndj dkSu ls dk;Z djus pyk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) m¡Qpkb;ksa ij igq¡pus osQ fy, D;k djuk iM+rk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) dfo osQ vuqlkj euq"; xqykc dc izkIr dj ldrk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) m".k µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) uknkuh µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) f'kf'kj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) rqfgu µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) xqykc µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
71
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5
(d) lkFkZd µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
([k) fuiq.k µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
(x) pV~Vku µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
(?k) mUufr µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
(Ä) izÑfr µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
72
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2


(d) dfo us fdldh rklhj dks xeZ dgk gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ;g lalkj fdlls cuk gqvk gS\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) dfo osQ vuqlkj dey fdlls ty tkrk gS\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) dfo fdu euq";ksa dks fujk'k u gksus dks dgrk gS\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ^dk¡Vs* fdldk izrhd gSa\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks oxks± osQ vuqlkj fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

xqykc] thou] ?kcjkuk] cgqr] rfud] fiQlyuk] <duk] riu] pV~Vku] Mjkuk
(d) doxZ µ --------------- ---------------
([k) poxZ µ --------------- ---------------
(x) VoxZ µ --------------- ---------------
(?k) roxZ µ --------------- ---------------
(Ä) ioxZ µ --------------- ---------------
73
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls izR;; o ewy'kCn vyx dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
ewy'kCn izR;;
(d) uknkuh ------------------------------ ------------------------------
([k) rfud ------------------------------ ------------------------------
(x) {kf.kd ------------------------------ ------------------------------
(?k) liQyrk ------------------------------ ------------------------------
(Ä) lEekfur ------------------------------ ------------------------------
74
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- iSlk vkus ls O;fDr nwljs dks oqQN ugha le>rkA eku&lEeku ikdj ekuo ?keaM djus yxrk
gSA D;k vki blls lger gSa\ ;fn ^gk¡* rks roZQ lfgr fopkj O;Dr dhft,A 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- ^;wfuV&II* ijh{kk esa de vad vkus ij vkidk fe=k grksRlkfgr gks x;k gSA vki mls
liQyrk dh jkg fn[kkrs gq, izksRlkfgr djrs gq, i=k fyf[k,A 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
75
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) thou dks lgh rjhosQ ls thus dks dfo us dyk dgk gSA
([k) pV~Vkusa dfBu jkLrksa rFkk eqlhcrksa dk izrhd crkbZ xbZ gSaA
(x) euq"; vk¡[ksa ew¡ndj xqykc rksM+us dh rS;kjh esa gSA
(?k) m¡Qpkb;ksa ij igq¡pus osQ fy, vusd eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA
(Ä) tc euq"; dfBukb;ksa ls] dk¡Vsa :ih eqlhcrksa ls ugha ?kcjkrk] rc mls xqykc :ih [kqf'k;k¡
izkIr gks ldrh gSaA
2- (d) cI+kZQ dh m".k izÑfr gksrh gSA
([k) cPps uknkuh esa xyr dk;Z dj cSBrs gSaA
(x) f'kf'kj Írq esa xeZ diM+s iguuk vPNk yxrk gSA
(?k) oqQiQjh esa vkdk'k ls fxjrs rqfgu osQ iQkgs eu eksg ysrs gSaA
(Ä) eq>s yky xqykc cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA
3- (d) lkFkZd µ l~ $ vk $ j~ $ Fk~ $ v $ o~Q $ v
([k) fuiq.k µ u~ $ b $ i~ $ m $ .k~ $ v
(x) pV~Vku µ p~ $ v $ V~ $ V~ $ vk $ u~ $ v
(?k) mUufr µ m $ u~ $ u~ $ v $ r~ $ b
(Ä) izÑfr µ i~ $ j~ $ v $ o~Q $ Í $ r~ $ b
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) dfo us cI+kZQ dh rklhj dks xeZ dgk gSA
([k) ;g lalkj lq[k&nq[k] vkx vkSj cI+kZQ ls cuk gSA
( x ) cI+kZQ ls dey u"V gks tkrk gSA
(?k) tks yksx nqfu;k dks cyk le>rs gSaA
(Ä) dk¡Vs d"Vksa] eqlhcrksa rFkk dfBukb;ksa dk izrhd gSaA
2- (d) doxZ µ xqykc ?kcjkuk
([k) poxZ µ thou pV~Vku
(x) VoxZ µ Mjkuk <duk
(?k) roxZ µ rfud riu
(Ä) ioxZ µ cgqr fIkQlyuk
3- ewy'kCn izR;; ewy'kCn izR;; ewy'kCn izR;;
(d) uknku b ([k) ru bd (x) {k.k bd
(?k) liQy rk (Ä) lEeku br
rr
76
11 lnkpkj dk rkoht+
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) jktk us vius njckfj;ksa ls dgkµiztk cgqr gYyk epk jgh gS fd lc txg Hkz"Vkpkj iSQyk gqvk
gSA gesa rks vkt rd ugha fn[kkA rqe yksxksa dks fn[kk gks rks crkvksA
([k) fo'ks"kKksa dks
(x) lw{e vkSj vxkspj gSA
(?k) Hkz"Vkpkj dks feVkus osQ fy, O;oLFkk esa ifjorZu djus dh ;kstuk cukbZA
(Ä) 2 rkjh[k dks
fyf[kr
1- (d) jktk us vius lHkh njckfj;ksa dks Hkz"Vkpkj dh [kkst djus osQ fy, cqyk;kA
([k) njckfj;ksa us Hkz"Vkpkj u fn[kus dk ;g dkj.k crk;k fd mudh vk¡[kksa dks jktk dh fojkVrk
ns[kus dh vknr gks xbZ gS] blfy, os Hkz"Vkpkj tSlh lw{e oLrq dks ns[kus esa vleFkZ gSaA
(x) okLro esa bZ'oj osQ Lo:i osQ fo"k; esa ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd os LFkwy ugha gSa] cfYd
lw{e] vxkspj] loZO;kih rFkk vn`'; gSaA fo'ks"kKksa n~okjk mijksDr lHkh fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx
Hkz"Vkpkj osQ fy, djus ij jktk us Hkz"Vkpkj dh rqyuk bZ'oj ls dhA
(?k) fo'ks"kKksa us Hkz"Vkpkj [kRe djus osQ fy, mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks feVkus dks dgk] tgk¡ og
mRiUu gksrk gS rFkk jktdh; o lkekftd O;oLFkk esa ifjorZu fd, tkus dk funsZ'k Hkh
fn;kA
(Ä) rkoh”k (ck¡èkus) èkkj.k djus ls euq"; dh varjkRek ls bZekunkjh osQ Loj fudyus yxrs gSa]
ftlls mldks csbZekuh osQ Loj lqukbZ ugha nsrs vkSj og lnkpkj dh vksj izo`Rr gksrk gSA
lkèkq us rkoh”k osQ bUgha xq.kksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSA
2- (d) (ii) ([k) (i) (x) (iii) (?k) (ii) (Ä) (iii)
77
ewY;ijd iz'u
;g fufoZokn :i ls dgk tk ldrk gS fd varjkZRek gh gekjk lgh ekxZn'kZu djrh gSA bl lR;
dks Lohdkj djrs gq, eSa lnSo viuh vkRek dh vkok”k lqurh gw¡A
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
euq"; viuh ”k:jrksa vkSj bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, fj'or ysuk ”k:jh le>rk gS] ;g dFku
fcyoqQy lR; gS] D;ksafd mldh bPNk,¡ vuar gSaA okLro esa euq"; LoHkko ls lqfo/kHkksxh gks x;k
gSA og le; rFkk ifjfLFkfr osQ vuq:i vius fopkjksa o vkn'kks± dks cny ysrk gSA og tkurk gS
fd fj'or ysuk vPNk dk;Z ugha gS] ijarq tc ml ij mldh ”k:jrsa o bPNk,¡ gkoh gksus yxrh
gSa rks og fj'or ysus osQ fy, ckè; gks tkrk gSA vkt eg¡xkbZ osQ pyrs rFkk lekt esa viuh
eku&izfr"Bk c<+kus] Lo;a dks vyx fn[kkus osQ fy, Hkh dHkh&dHkh og fj'or dks ”k:jh le>rk
gSA oSls Hkh vkt fcuk ysu&nsu osQ dksbZ dk;Z ugha gksrk] blfy, u pkgrs gq, Hkh O;fDr fj'or
tSlk ?k`f.kr ÑR; dj tkrk gSA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) fØ;kfo'ks"k.k µ vkt
([k) laca/cks/d µ osQ ikl
(x) leqPp;cks/d µ vkSj] ;k] ij
(?k) foLe;kfncks/d µ vPNk!
(Ä) fuikr µ rks] gh
2- (d) vkfn µ vkjaHkµvkfn dky esa vPNs lkfgR; dh jpuk gqbZA
vknh µ eSa pk; ihus dh vknh gw¡A
([k) tkfr µ eSa czkg~e.k tkfr dh dU;k ls fookg djuk pkgrk gw¡A
tkrh µ og ck”kkj tkrh gSA
(x) fey µ ;g larjk eq>s feyuk pkfg,A
ehy µ esjk LowQy 7 ehy nwj gSA
(?k) ?kql µ pksjksa us ?kj esa ?kql dj lsa/ yxkbZA
?kwl µ ?kwl ysuk dkuwuu vijk/ gSA
(Ä) fnu µ ge fnu&Hkj ifjJe djrs gSaA
nhu µ fdlh nhu dks er lrk;k djksA
78
(p) vksj µ ml vksj esjk ?kj gSA
vkSj µ eSa vkSj esjk HkkbZ lkFk&lkFk lksrs gSaA
(N) fiQV µ fiQV jgus osQ fy, larqfyr vkgkj [kkuk pkfg,A
iQhV µ esjh csVh 5 iQhV 3 bap yach gSA
(t) deZ µ deZ djuk euq"; dk /eZ gSA
Øe µ gesa Øekuqlkj dk;Z djuk pkfg,A
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjnf'kZrk
jktk os'k cnydj rkoh”k osQ izHkko dh tk¡p djus ,d dk;kZy; esa x,A jktk vkSj deZpkjh osQ
eè; gqbZ ckrphr dk oqQN va'k bl izdkj gSµ
jktk µ (vanj >k¡drs gq,) dksbZ gS D;k\
deZpkjh µ vkidks fdlls feyuk gS\
jktk µ (FkksM+k eqLoqQjkrs gq,) rqEgkjk uke D;k gS\
deZpkjh µ esjk uke HkksyknRr gSA vkidks fdlls feyuk gS vkSj D;k dke gS\
jktk µ (tsc VVksyrs gq,) jktk us vius gkFk esa ik¡p dk ,d uksV fy;kA
deZpkjh µ ;g D;k gS\
jktk µ eSa rqels oqQN tkudkjh pkgrk gw¡A blosQ cnys esa eSa rqEgsa ;g ik¡p dk uksV nw¡xkA
deZpkjh µ (Øksfèkr gksdj) py Hkkx tk] ugha rks bldk ifj.kke vPNk ugha gksxkA
jktk µ lksp yks] eSa fiQj vkm¡QxkA
deZpkjh µ (jktk dk gkFk idM+rs gq,) rqe eq>s [kjhnuk pkgrs gks\
jktk µ vktdy lc oqQN fcdrk gSA
deZpkjh µ ij bZekunkjh ugha fcdrh gSA (dgrs gq, jktk dks èkDdk nsdj fudky nsrk gSA)
jktk µ ([kq'k gksdj vius&vki ls) lpeqp] bZekunkjh ugha fcdrhA
euq"; eu viuh lqfoèkkuqlkj vius fopkjksa o vkn'kks± dks O;fDrxr LokFkZ fln~fèk gsrq cny ysrk
gSA ^^vkt rks ys ys!** iafDr esa ;gh O;aX; fufgr gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
Bsdk orZeku ;qx dk ,d izpfyr 'kCn gS] ftldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gSµvuqcaèk ;k le>kSrkA dgkuh
esa BsosQ dh fufnZ"V ijaijk dks izkphu o ,sfrgkfld :i fn;k x;k gSA ns'k dh izxfr osQ fy,
gekjh ljdkj ;ksX; o l{ke yksxksa dks lM+d] vLirky] iqy] ck¡èk] LowQy rFkk dkWyst vkfn osQ
fuekZ.k dk Bsdk nsrh gSA
79
fcuk ;kstuk osQ dksbZ Hkh dk;Z djuk vlaHko gSA vfu;ksftr :i ls dk;Z djus ij mlesa ckèkk,¡
vkrh gSaA izR;sd O;fDr vius nSfud dk;Z osQ vuqlkj viuh ;kstuk,¡ fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA cM+ksa dh
rjg ge cPps Hkh vius dk;Z osQ fy, ;kstuk cukrs gSa_ tSlsµi<+uk] dkVwZu ns[kuk] [ksyuk bR;kfnA
oSls rks esjs nSfud thou esa ;kstuk ,d tSlh gh gksrh gS] ysfdu tc eq>s viuh fuR;
dh fnup;kZ osQ vfrfjDr fdlh fo'ks"k dk;Z osQ fy, le; fudkyuk gksrk gS] rks eSa fo'ks"k
;kstuk cukrk gw¡] tSlsµ12 fnlacj dks esjs fe=k dk tUefnol FkkA bl miy{; esa mlus vius
?kj ij ,d izhfr&Hkkst dk vk;kstu fd;k Fkk] blfy, eq>s viuh fnup;kZ esa isQjcny djuk
iM+kA izhfr&Hkkst dk le; ogh Fkk] ftl le; eSa fon~;ky; dk x`gdk;Z djrk FkkA blosQ
fy, eSaus izfrfnu dh rjg vius iM+ksl osQ yM+dksa osQ lkFk iqQVckWy [ksyus dk dk;ZØe
LFkfxr dj fn;k vkSj [ksy osQ le; dk lnqi;ksx vius LowQy dk dk;Z djus esa fd;kA bl
izdkj ;kstuk cukdj eSaus izhfr&Hkkst esa Hkh fgLlk fy;k vkSj LowQy dk dk;Z Hkh le; ij
iwjk dj fy;kA
ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa esa deZpkfj;ksa dks ,d rkjh[k dks osru feyrk gSA osru forfjr djus dh
izR;sd laLFkk ;k iQeZ dh vyx&vyx frfFk fuf'pr gksrh gS] foaQrq vfèkdrj futh laLFkkvksa
esa osru vdlj lkr&vkB rkjh[k osQ eè; gh forfjr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g udn] pSd vFkok
fdlh vU; :i esa Hkh gks ldrk gSaA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
gekjs lafoèkku n~okjk gesa vusd vfèkdkj izkIr gSaA buesa ,d lwpuk dk vfèkdkj Hkh gSA blosQ
varxZr gesa ;g vfèkdkj izkIr gksrk gS fd ge fdlh Hkh fo"k; ls lacafèkr tkudkjh izkIr
dj ldrs gSa rFkk tkudkjh ns Hkh ldrs gSaA bl vfèkdkj dk mfpr ykHk mBkdj ge Hkz"V
O;fDr;ksa osQ ckjs esa iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa dks lwpuk nsdj mu LFkkuksa ls Hkz"Vkpkj [kRe djok ldrs gSaA
uksVµ blosQ vykok Nk=k f'k{kd @ f'kf{kdk ls tkudkjh ,d=k djsaA
80
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) njckjh us Hkz"Vkpkj dk o.kZu oSQls fd;k\
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
([k) fo'ks"kKksa us Hkz"Vkpkj dks bZ'oj D;ksa crk;k\

........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(x) Hkz"Vkpkj dks nwj djus dk D;k mik; fudkyk x;k\

........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(?k) deZpkjh us
igys ?kwl D;ksa ugha yh rFkk ckn esa D;ksa ys yh\
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(Ä) bl dgkuh osQ ys[kd dkSu gSa\ bl dgkuh osQ ekè;e ls os D;k lans'k nsuk pkgrs gSa\
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) lnkpkj µ ------------------------------- ([k) lw{e µ -------------------------------
(x) rkoh”k µ ------------------------------- (?k) vxkspj µ -------------------------------

(Ä) vatu µ -------------------------------
81
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ^j* vFkok ^Í* dk mfpr iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) 'kaxkj µ ----------------------------
([k) Hk"Vkpkj µ ----------------------------
(x) iLrqr µ ----------------------------
(?k) 'kkfxn µ ----------------------------
(Ä) 'kfeank µ ----------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk ifjp; nhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) tarj&earj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) [kq'kh µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) [kkuk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) dkyk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ge µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa mu 'kCnksa dks Nk¡fV,] ftuesa milxks± dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSµ
1 & 5 ¾ 5
----------------------------
(d) euq"; nqxZe LFkkuksa ij fuxqZ.k] fujkdkj ijekRek dks <w¡<+rk gSA
----------------------------
([k) njvly ckr ;g gS fd devDy yksx xSjf”kEesnkj gksrs gSaA
----------------------------
(x) og vutkuh fn'kk dh vksj fuMjrk ls c<+ pykA
----------------------------
(?k) lHkh dks ,d fnu ijyksd tkuk gSA
(Ä) de”kksj gksus ij Hkh vuqt us yqVsjs dk c[kwch eqdkcyk fd;kA ----------------------------
82
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- ns'k ls Hkz"Vkpkj oSQls nwj gks ldrk gS\ vki bl dk;Z esa D;k Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs
gSa\ 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- dYiuk dhft, fd VªfS iQd goynkj us vkidks xyr rjhosQ ls jkLrk ikj djrs gq, jksdkA
vius rFkk goynkj osQ chp gqbZ ckrphr dks laokn&'kSyh esa izLrqr dhft,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
83
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) njckjh us Hkz"Vkpkj dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgk fd og cgqr ckjhd gksrk gSA gekjh vk¡[kksa dks
vkidh fojkVrk ns[kus dh vknr gS] blfy, gesa ckjhd phtsa fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhaA
([k) Hkz"Vkpkj bZ'oj osQ leku lw{e] vxkspj vkSj loZO;kih gSA vr% fo'ks"kKksa us mls bZ'oj
crk;kA
(x) Hkz"Vkpkj dks nwj djus osQ fy, lnkpkj osQ rkoh”k cuok, x,A ljdkjh vkns'k ls gj ljdkjh
deZpkjh dh Hkqtk ij ,d&,d rkoh”k ck¡èk fn;k x;kA
(?k) deZpkjh us igys ?kwl ugha yh] D;ksafd mldh Hkqtk ij c¡èkk rkoh”k ?kwl u ysus dk lans'k
ns jgk FkkA ckn esa mlus ?kwl ys yh] D;ksafd rkoh”k ls vkok”k vk jgh Fkhµ^^vjs vkt
bdrhl gSA vkt rks ys ysA**
(Ä) bl dgkuh osQ ys[kd Jh gfj'kadj ijlkbZ gSaA os lans'k nsuk pkgrs gSa fd tc rd euq";
vius lqfoèkkHkksxh LoHkko] fopkjksa vkSj vkn'kks± esa ifjorZu ugha yk,xk rc rd Hkz"Vkpkj ;w¡
gh iQyrk&iwQyrk jgsxkA

2- (d) vPNk vkpj.k ([k) cgqr ckjhd (x) j{kk&dop (?k) vizdV] tks fn[kkbZ u ns

(Ä) dkty
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) (d) Ükàxkj ([k) Hkz"Vkpkj (x) izLrqr (?k) 'kkfxnZ (Ä) 'kfe±nk
2- (d) tarj&earj µ O;fDrokpd laKk] iq¯Yyx] ,dopu

([k) [kq'kh µ Hkkookpd laKk] L=kh¯yx] ,dopu
(x) [kkuk µ fØ;k] ldeZd fØ;k
(?k) dkyk µ fo'ks"k.k] xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k

(Ä) ge µ loZuke] mRre iq#"kokpd loZuke
3- (d) nqxZe] fuxqZ.k] fujkdkj ([k) devDy] xSjf”kEesnkj (x) vutkuh] fuMjrk
(?k) ijyksd (Ä) de”kksj] c[kwch
rr
84
12 'kkL=h th
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) 'kkL=kh th ls og gh oqQN rst gSA
([k) dfork
(x) jktuhfrK (jktuhfr osQ Kkrk)
(?k) ,d djksM+ Vu ls Ms<+ djksM+ Vu dj fn;kA
(Ä) vleh vkSj caxkyh Hkkb;ksa osQ chp tks naxk gqvk FkkA bl >xM+s dks lqy>kus osQ fy, iaú th us
'kkL=kh th dks Hkstk FkkA
fyf[kr
1- (d) ¯gnqLrku dk izèkkueaf=kRo eqf'dy dke blfy, gS] D;ksafd ¯gnqLrku Hk;kud dfBukb;ksa ls
Hkjk ns'k gSA
([k) ykycgknqj 'kkL=kh th osQ lcls cM+s xq.k Fksµfouezrk vkSj lknxh] ysfdu os brus lhèks Hkh
ugha Fks fd yksx mUgsa èkks[kk ns losaQ] u gh os brus fouez Fks fd tks pkgs mUgsa >qdk nsA
(x) ykycgknqj 'kkL=kh th n`<+ vkSj vkRefo'oklh FksA tc vesfjdk us ‚Ê$»§ 'kCnksa esa dg fn;k
fd og vUu eghus&eghus nsaxs] rc 'kkL=kh th us Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks lykg nh fd lkx&lC”kh
[kkvksA lIrkg esa ,d ckj miokl j[kks vkSj b””kr ls ftvksA urhtk ;g gqvk fd vesfjdk
us vUu osQ dksVs dks ,d djksM+ Vu ls c<+kdj Ms<+ djksM+ Vu dj fn;kA ;g ?kVuk muosQ
n`<+fu'p; o vkRefo'okl osQ xq.kksa dh ifjpk;d gSA
(?k) 'kkL=kh th yxHkx rhu o"kZ rd lRrk:<+ jgs exj] fiQj Hkh os viuk ?kj ugha cuk losQ]
D;ksafd os Lo;a dks turk dk lsod le>rs FksA mUgksaus dHkh Hkh vius in dk xyr $»§ÊÿŒÊ
ugha mBk;kA os lkèkkj.k fdlku dh rjg thou;kiu djrs jgsA
2- (d) (iii) ([k) (i) (x) (iii) (?k) (iv) (Ä) (ii)
ewY;ijd iz'u
iz/kuea=kh ns'k dh ukSdk dk d.kZ/kj gksrk gSA mlosQ n~okjk cukbZ vkSj LohÑr dh gqbZ uhfr;ksa ij
ns'k pyrk gSA orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iz/kuea=kh dh f”kEesnkfj;k¡ vkSj Hkh c<+ xbZ gSa rFkk ;g in
vR;ar pqukSrhiw.kZ gks x;k gSA ,slh pqukSrh Hkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] ;fn eSa Hkkjr dk iz/kuea=kh gksrk]
rks esjk loZizFke dk;Z gksrkµns'k esa lkaiznkf;d ln~Hkko] ,drk rFkk jktuSfrd fLFkfr esa fLFkjrk
ykukA eSa ns'k esa 'kkafr rFkk dkuwu&O;oLFkk LFkkfir djus osQ fy, jk"Vª fojks/h rRoksa ls l[rh
85
ls fuiVrkA ns'k ls Hkz"Vkpkj] vkradokn] fj'or[kksjh vkfn osQ lewy uk'k osQ fy, iz;kl djrkA
Hkkjr ,d Ñf"k iz/ku ns'k gSA vr% eSa Ñf"k osQ {ks=k esa lgdkjh Ñf"k&iz.kkyh dks izksRlkgu nsrkA
f'k{kk&iz.kkyh esa vkewy&pwy ifjorZu djrkA f'k{kk&'kkfL=k;ksa ls ,slh f'k{kk&uhfr cuokrk fd
tks thou osQ cnyrs lanHkks± esa mi;ksxh gksA ;n~;fi iz/kuea=kh in ij dk;Z djuk ljy ugha gSa]
ysfdu dHkh ,slk gks x;k rks eSa viuk thou vius ns'k osQ fy, lefiZr dj nw¡xkA
^ôgh gS jDr] ogh gS ns'k] ogh lkgl] ogh Kku]
ogh gS 'kkafr] ogh gS 'kfDr] ogh ge fnO; vk;Z larku]
ft,¡ rks lnk mlh osQ fy,] ;gh vfHkeku jgs] ;g g"kZ]
fuNkoj dj nsa ge loZLo] gekjk I;kjk Hkkjro"kZA**
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) laca/dkjd ([k) ;kstd fpg~u (x) laca/ (?k) ;kstd
(Ä) ;kstd (p) laca/ (N) laca/ (t) ;kstd
2- (d) ldeZd ([k) vdeZd (x) vdeZd (?k) ldeZd
(Ä) vdeZd (p) vdeZd (N) vdeZd
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjnf'kZrk
'kkL=kh th deZB] bZekunkj o ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk ls ifjiw.kZ Fks] tcfd vkt osQ usrk LokFkhZ]
vdeZ.; o Hkz"V gSaA
gekjs ns'k osQ izFke izèkkuea=kh iafMr tokgj yky usg: FksA muosQ ckn tks izèkkuea=kh cus mudh
lwph fuEufyf[kr gSµ
Jh xqy”kkjh yky uank] Jh yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh] Jh xqy”kkjh yky uank (nqckjk) Jherh
bafnjk xkaèkh (izFke efgyk izèkkuea=kh)] Jh eksjkjth nslkbZ] Jh pkSèkjh pj.k¯lg] Jherh bafnjk
xkaèkh (nqckjk)] Jh jktho xkaèkh] Jh ohúihú flag] Jh panz'ks[kj] Jh ihú ohú ujflag jko]
Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h] Jh ,púMhú nsoxkSM+k] Jh banz oqQekj xqtjky] Jh vVy fcgkjh
oktis;h (nqckjk)] MkWú eueksgu ¯lg] Jh ujsaæ eksnh (orZeku iz/kuea=kh)A
uksVµ bu lHkh izèkkueaf=k;ksa osQ fp=k cPps Lo;a fpidk,¡xsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
MkWú jktsanz izlkn] MkWú jkèkkÑ".k] iaú tokgj yky usg: rFkk yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh th tSls
usrkvksa us gh gesa vk”kkn Hkkjr esa thus dk volj fn;kA bUgksaus viuh tku dh ijokg fd,
fcuk viuk lc oqQN vius ns'k ij oqQckZu dj fn;kA bu yksxksa us lnSo Hkkjr dks mUufr
86
o izxfr dh vksj vxzlj fd;kA nwljh Ã⁄U$»§ orZeku dky osQ usrk lnSo viuh LokFkZiwfrZ
dh ps"Vk esa yhu jgrs gSaA Hkkjr dks n;uh;rk] fuèkZurk] ½.kh o Hkz"Vkpkj tSls migkj bu
usrkvksa n~okjk gh HksaV esa feys gSaA vkt ;fn MkWú jktsanz izlkn] MkWú jkèkkÑ".k tSls usrk Hkkjr
esa gksrs] rks Hkkjr fodflr ns'kksa dh fxurh esa gksrkA lkekftd] vkfFkZd o jktuSfrd n`f"V
ls Hkh vU; ns'kksa ls vfèkd le`n~èk o 'kfDr'kkyh gksrkA 'kk;n dksbZ tkfrxr HksnHkko Hkh u
gksrsA Hkkjroklh lq[k] pSu dk thou O;rhr dj jgs gksrsA
uksVµ cPpksa n~okjk fn, x, mRrj Hkh ekU; gksaxs] D;ksafd vuqPNsn ys[ku ls Loys[ku] fo'ys"k.k
'kfDr] rF;ksa dh tkudkjh izkIr djus o mudk la'ys"k.k dj mUgsa fopkjcn~èk djus tSls xq.kksa
dk fodkl gksxkA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a fp=k cuk,¡x]s ftlls mudh dykRed 'kfDr dk fodkl gksxkA
cPpksa ls dgk tk, fd os vius&vki iz'uksRrjh rS;kj djsaA uewus osQ rkSj ij fuEufyf[kr iz'u
crk, tk ldrs gSaµ
(d) Hkkjr osQ lcls igys izèkkuea=kh dk uke crkb,A
([k) Hkkjr osQ izFke izèkkuea=kh us fdrus o"kks± rd izèkkuea=kh in ij dk;Z fd;k\
(x) mudk dk;Zdky crkb,A
(?k) iaú tokgj yky usg: th osQ fuèku osQ ckn dk;Zdkjh izèkkuea=kh dkSu Fks\
(Ä) yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh th us dc ls dc rd izèkkuea=kh in ij dk;Z fd;k\
(p) Hkkjr dh igyh efgyk izèkkuea=kh dk uke crkb,A
(N) Jherh bafnjk xkaèkh us fdrus o"kks± rd izèkkuea=kh in ij dk;Z fd;k\
(t) lcls ;qok izèkkuea=kh dkSu Fks\
(>) fdlh ,sls izèkkuea=kh dk uke crkb,] tks dfo osQ :i esa Hkh izfln~èk gSa\
(×k) orZeku le; esa Hkkjr osQ izèkkuea=kh dkSu gSa\
mRrjµ(d) iaú tokgjyky usg:
([k) 17 o"kks± rd
(x) lu 1947 ls lu 1964 rd
(?k) Jh xqy”kkjh yky ua nk
(Ä) 9 twu] 1964 ls 11 tuojh] 1966 rd
(p) Jherh ba fnjk xka èkh
(N) 15 o"kZ
(t) Jh jktho xkaèkh
(>) Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h
(×k) Jh ujsaæ eksnh
87
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) ys[kd us izèkkuea=kh dks dgk¡ ls i=k fy[kk rFkk i=k esa D;k fy[kk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ys[kd us vius fucaèk esa fdl ckr dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) iafMr th fdldh ryk'k esa jgrs Fks\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) vesfjdk n~okjk j[kh xbZ 'krZ dk 'kkL=kh th us D;k lekèkku fn;k\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ys[kd us 'kkL=kh th dks Íf"k Lo:i D;ksa crk;k gS\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa osQ lkeus lgh  ;k xyr  dk fpg~u yxkb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) 'kkL=kh th vR;ar LoLFk rFkk ranq#Lr O;fDr FksA
([k) vle esa okrkoj.k dks fo"kkDr ns[kdj 'kkL=kh th dk dystk cSB x;kA
(x) 'kkL=kh th tc LoxZoklh gq,] rc Hkkjr dh fLFkfr 'kkspuh; FkhA
(?k) 'kkL=kh th 'kkafrfiz; Fks] ijarq ;qn~èk dh fLFkfr dk Hkh MVdj eqdkcyk fd;kA
(Ä) 'kkL=kh th 'kgjh vkneh FksA
88
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa esa ^ dh* ;k ^fd* dk mfpr iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) eSaus lcls dgk -------------------------------- os lc vkt i<+us ”k:j vk,¡A
([k) jktk -------------------------------- pky lnk jkscnkj gksuh pkfg,A
-------------------------------- lc muosQ vèkhu jgrs gSaA
(x) izèkkuea=kh dk in bruk m¡Qpk gS
-------------------------------- ckxMksj gksrh gSA
(?k) vè;kid osQ gkFkksa esa Nk=kksa osQ Hkfo";
(Ä) pk.kD; -------------------------------- jktuhfr vizfre FkhA
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls Hkkookpd laKk cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) bZ'oj µ ----------------------------
([k) MkowQ µ ----------------------------
(x) f'k{kd µ ----------------------------
(?k) foèkok µ ----------------------------
(Ä) LoLFk µ ----------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fyax cnydj fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) foèkkrk µ ----------------------------
([k) dfo µ ----------------------------
(x) vk;q"eku µ ----------------------------
(?k) ukrh µ ----------------------------
(Ä) oqQEgkj µ ----------------------------
89
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- ¶t; toku t; fdlku¸ dk ukjk fdlus fn;k\ fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa us bl ukjs dks tUe
fn;k\ fyf[k,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fouezrk] 'kkafrfiz;rk tSls xq.k vkt Hkh#rk dh fu'kkuh gSaA D;k vki bl dFku ls
lger gSa\ roZQ lfgr fyf[k,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
90
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ys[kd us izèkkuea=kh dks ^Hkkxyiqj* ls i=k fy[kkA i=k esa fy[kk Fkk fd ¶fganqLrku
dk izèkkueaf=kRo vesfjdk osQ jk"Vªifr&in vkSj :l osQ izèkkueaf=kRo ls ”;knk eqf'dy
dke gSA¸
([k) ys[kd us vius fucaèk esa bl ckr dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k fd 'kkL=kh th dks de”kksj
le>us okys yksx xyrh dj jgs FksA 'kkL=kh th og cdjh Fks] ftldh Vk¡xsa bLikr dh
FkhaA 'kkL=kh th fouez Fks] ijarq brus Hkh ugha fd tks pkgs] mUgsa >qdk nsA
(x) iafMr th lPps tulsoh dh ryk'k esa jgrs Fks] ftls viuh xjt u gks] tks fu'Ny
vkSj fouez gks] ftlosQ gkFk esa ns'k dh ckxMksj lkSaih tk losQA
(?k) vesfjdk n~okjk j[kh xbZ 'krZ dk lekèkku nsrs gq, 'kkL=kh th us dgk îsV ij jLlh
ck¡èkks] lkx&lC”kh ”;knk [kkvks] lIrkg esa ,d 'kke miokl j[kksA*
(Ä) ys[kd us 'kkL=kh th dh rqyuk Íf"k of'k"B vkSj pk.kD; ls djrs gq, mUgsa Íf"k Lo:i
crk;k gSA os rhu o"kZ rd izèkkuea=kh in ij jgs] foaQrq vius fy, ?kj ugha cuk losQA
os pkgrs rks vius fy, vkyh'kku ?kj cuok ldrs FksA
2- (d) û ([k) ü (x) û (?k) ü (Ä) û
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) eSaus lcls dgk fd os lc vkt i<+us ”k:j vk,¡A
([k) jktk dh pky lnk jkscnkj gksuh pkfg,A
(x) izèkkuea=kh dk in bruk m¡Qpk gS fd lc mlosQ vèkhu gSA
(?k) vè;kid osQ gkFkksa esa Nk=kksa osQ Hkfo"; dh ckxMksj gksrh gSA
(Ä) pk.kD; dh jktuhfr vizfre FkhA
2- (d) bZ'ojh; ([k) MoSQrh (x) f'k{k.k (?k) oSèkO; (Ä) LokLF;
3- (d) foèkk=kh ([k) dof;=kh (x) vk;q"erh (?k) ukruh@ukfru (Ä) oqQEgkfju
rr
91
13 HkfDrjpuk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) ujgfj ([k) nzkSinh dh (x) O;koqQy (?k) ;equk osQ fdukjs
fyf[kr
1- (d) izFke in esa ehjkckbZ fxjèkj ls izkFkZuk djrh gSa fd vki esjh fojg dh ihM+k dks nwj dhft,A
vkius nzkSinh dh ykt j[kh] izg~ykn dh j{kk dh vkSj xtjkt dh ihM+k nwj dh] vc eq>
ij vki viuh Ñik n`f"V dc MkysaxsA
([k) JhÑ".k dk lnSo lkehI; ikus osQ fy, ehjkckbZ mudh pkdj cuuk pkgrh gSaA
(x) pkdj cudj ehjkckbZ JhÑ".k dk fuR; n'kZu djuk] oànkou dh xfy;ksa esa Ñ".kyhyk dk
xq.kxku xkuk vkSj cnys esa JhÑ".k ls lqfeju :ih osru ikuk pkgrh gSaA
(?k) ehjkckbZ osQ eu esa pkdjh osQ cnys JhÑ".k osQ fuR; n'kZu rFkk lqfeju :ih osru ikus
dh dkeuk gSA
2- (d) (i) ([k) (iii) (x) (ii) (?k) (ii) (Ä) (iii) (p) (iv)
3- (d) (ii) lqej.k ([k) (iii) oqQlqach (x) (i) ihj
ewY;ijd iz'u
JhÑ".k eqjyh ctkrs Fks] xk;sa pjkus ou esa tkrs Fks vkSj rjg&rjg dh yhyk,¡ djrs FksA ;fn ge
muosQ LFkku ij gksrs] rks vkSj Hkh dk;Z djrs_ tSlsµ
(i) tc xk;ksa dks taxy pjus osQ fy, ys tkrs rks mUgsa [kwc pjus nsrs vkSj tc dHkh dksbZ
lkFkh Hkw[kk gksrk] rks mudk nw/ ge vius lkFkh dks fiyk nsrsA
(ii) viuh cky lsuk dk xBu djrs tks vR;kpkjksa osQ f[kyk$»§ vkok”k mBkrhA ∑¢§‚ dks ekjus
esa Ñ".k th us le; yxk;k FkkA ge ;g dke tYnh&ls&tYnh djrs vkSj vius ekrk&firk
dks eqDr djkrsA
(iii) Ñ".k dh rjg 'kjkjrsa ugha djrsA cspkjh ;'kksnk dks vk, fnu rkusa lquus iM+rs Fks] ,sls
[ksy [ksyrs ftuls fdlh dks Bsl u igq¡ps] rkfd gekjs eEeh&ikik ijs'kku u gks tk,¡A
92
mPpLrjh; iz'u
JhÑ".k osQ flj ij eksj&eqoqQV 'kksHkk;eku gS vkSj os xys esa oStarh ekyk igus gq, gSaA JhÑ".k
oànkou dh xfy;ksa esa ck¡lqjh ctkrs gq, xk,¡ pjk jgs gSaA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) /j~;ks µ /kj.k djuk ([k) ljhj µ 'kjhj
(x) Egkjh µ esjh (?k) njl.k µ n'kZu
(Ä) fgoM+ks µ ân; (p) xkL;w¡ µ xkuk
2- Hkk"kk og lkèku gS] ftlls euq"; vius Hkkoksa vkSj fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku djrk gSA cksyh Hkk"kk
dk gh ,d :i gSA cksyh dk {ks=k lhfer gksrk gS vkSj Hkk"kk dk :i foLr`r gksrk gSA ,d Hkk"kk
dh vusd cksfy;k¡ gks ldrh gSaA Hkk"kk esa lkfgR; jpuk gksrh gS] tcfd cksyh esa yksd&lkfgR;
feyrk gSA Hkk"kk cksyh dk gh fodflr :i gSA okLro esa igys cztHkk"kk gh Fkh] ijarq èkhjs&èkhjs
mldh yksdfiz;rk de gksrh xbZ vkSj [kM+h cksyh tks fd ,d cksyh Fkh] mldh yksdfiz;rk c<+rh
xbZA ckn esa cztHkk"kk cksyh cu xbZ vkSj [kM+h cksyh dks Hkk"kk dk n”kkZ fey x;k] ij uke ogh
jgkA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjnf'kZrk
^HkfDr* ls vfHkizk; gSµiw.kZ leiZ.kA vius vkjkè; nso osQ izfr vuU; izse dk Hkko gh HkfDr gSA
geus Hkh bl fo"k; ij dbZ egkiq#"kksa ls ckr dhA bl HkfDr osQ jgL; dks tkuus dh dksf'k'k
dhA lHkh us ,d er ls dgk gS] fdlh Hkh ,d nso ;k nsoh osQ izfr vius&vki dks lefiZr dj
nks] vius thou dh Mksj dks lkSai nks] vius eu esa fnu&jkr mlosQ uke dh ekyk tiksA mldk
izse] mldh HkfDr esa Mwcus dk e”kk gh oqQN vkSj gSA blh HkfDr osQ lgkjs gh gekjk mn~èkkj gks
ldrk gSA gekjh thou :ih uko] fdukjs yx ldrh gSA izHkq HkDrksa osQ izse dks ns[krs gSa] #i;k]
iSlk lkexzh dks ughaA iwtu&lkexzh de Hkh gks rks py tk,xk] ysfdu izHkq osQ izfr fo'okl dk
gksuk ”k:jh gSA
ehjkckbZ us JhÑ".k dks gfj] fxjèkj] fxjèkkjh] xks¯on] eqjyhokyk rFkk eksgu osQ ukeksa ls iqdkjk
gSA JhÑ".k osQ vU; izpfyr uke gSaµxksiky] oqaQtfcgkjh] pØèkj] dkUgk] xksoèkZuèkkjh bR;kfnA
93
dYiuk dh mM+ku
dof;=kh JhÑ".k ls feyus osQ fy, bruh vèkhj blfy, gSa] D;ksafd os JhÑ".k ls vuU; izse
djrh gSaA os blosQ fy, ;equk unh osQ rV dk gh pquko djrh gSa] D;ksafd ;equk unh dk rV
JhÑ".k dk fiz; LFky gSA os ogha dnac osQ isM+ ij cSB ck¡lqjh ctk;k djrs FksA vU; dksbZ LFkku
pquuk gks rks ge dof;=kh dks JhÑ".k osQ ilanhnk LFky dks pquus dk gh lq>ko nsaxsA
ehjkckbZ dk tUe tksèkiqj osQ pksdM+h xk¡o esa jko jRuflag jkBkSj osQ ifjokj esa gqvk FkkA cpiu
esa gh ek¡ osQ LoxZoklh gks tkus osQ ckn ehjk dks vius firkeg osQ lkFk jguk iM+kA 13 o"kZ dh
vk;q esa esokM+ osQ egkjk.kk lk¡xk osQ lcls cM+s iq=k oq¡Qoj Hkkstjkt osQ lkFk mudk fookg gqvk
FkkA mudk thou nq[kksa dh Nk;k esa gh chrkA fookg osQ oqQN gh lky ckn igys ifr] fiQj firk
vkSj ,d ;qn~èk osQ nkSjku 'olqj dk Hkh nsgkar gks x;kA HkkSfrd thou ls fujk'k ehjk us ?kj&ifjokj
R;kx fn;k vkSj oànkou esa Msjk Mky iwjh rjg fxfjèkj xksiky Ñ".k osQ izfr lefiZr gks xb±A budh
jpukvksa esa buosQ vkjkè; dgha fuxqZ.k fujkdkj czg~e] dgha lxq.k lkdkj xksihoYyHk JhÑ".k vkSj
dgha fueksZgh ijns'kh tksxh osQ :i esa ladfYir fd, x, gSaA
eè;dkyhu HkfDr vkanksyu dh vkè;kfRed izsj.kk us ftu dfo;ksa dks tUe fn;kA muesa
ehjkckbZ dk fof'k"V LFkku jgk gSA buosQ in iwjs mRrj Hkkjr lfgr xqtjkr] fcgkj vkSj caxky
rd izpfyr gSaA ehjk fganh vkSj xqtjkrh nksuksa dh dof;=kh ekuh tkrh gSaA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
94
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 ¾ 10

(d) gfj us fdl&fdl izdkj ls vius HkDrksa dh j{kk dh gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ehjkckbZ fxfj/j ls D;k izkFkZuk dj jgh gSa\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ehjkckbZ dks pkdjh djus ls D;k&D;k I+kQk;ns gksaxs\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) fxfj/j osQ :i dk o.kZu ehjkckbZ us fdu 'kCnksa esa fd;k gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ehjkckbZ osQ ân; esa cspSuh gksus dk D;k dkj.k gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) nzkSinh dh ykt jk[kh] vki c<+k;ks phjA
Hkxr dkj.k :i ujgfj] /j~;ks vki ljhjA
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) vk/h jkr izHkq njl.k nhT;ks] teukth js rhjkaA

ehjk¡ jk izHkq fxfj/j ukxj] fgoM+ks ?k.kks v/hjk¡A
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- fuEufyf[kr leLr inksa dk foxzg djosQ leklksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
foxzg lekl
(d) fxfjèkj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
([k) csudkc µ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------

(x) jk"Vªfirk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
(?k) m¡Qpk&uhpk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
(Ä) iapoVh µ ------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkukas esa mfpr loZuke :i Hkjdj okD; iwjk dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) ckgj tkus dks ---------------------------- eu ugha dj jgk gSA (eSa)
([k) rqEgsa viuk dke ---------------------------- djuk pkfg,A (viuk)
(x) ---------------------------- ykBh ---------------------------- HkSalA (tks] og)
(?k) yxrk gS ckgj ---------------------------- [kM+k gSA (dkSu)
(Ä) ns[kks] ---------------------------- esjk ?kj gSA (og)
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k rFkk fo'ks"; vyx&vyx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) lqanj&lqanj pwfM+;k¡ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
([k) ubZ clsa ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
(x) rhl iQhV pkSM+k igkM+ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
(?k) igyh cksyrh fI+kQYe ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
(Ä) bZekunkj vkneh ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
96
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- ehjkckbZ us JhÑ".k dh HkfDr esa viuk ?kj&ckj lc R;kx fn;k FkkA D;k vkt osQ ;qx esa
,slh Jn~èkk&HkfDr fdlh nso&nsoh osQ izfr laHko gS\ lkspdj fyf[k,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- êhjkckbZ* dk pfj=k&fp=k.k djrs gq, vius fe=k dks ,d i=k fyf[k,A 5

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
97
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) gfj us vusd izdkj ls vius HkDrksa dh j{kk dh gSA dHkh nzkSinh dk phj c<+kdj mldh
ykt cpkbZ rks dHkh HkDr osQ fy, 'kjhj èkkj.k fd;kA xtjkt osQ izk.kksa dh j{kk djus osQ
fy, Hkh vorkj èkkj.k fd;kA
([k) ehjkckbZ fxfjèkj ls vkxzg dj jgh gSa fd os mUgsa vius pkdj osQ :i esa j[ksaA
(x) fxfjèkj dh pkdjh djus ls ehjkckbZ dks vusd ykHk gksaxsA os lqcg&'kke fxfjèkj osQ n'kZu
ik losaQxh] Hkko&HkfDr :ih tkxhjnkjh ik losaQxhA
(?k) ehjkckbZ us vR;ar lqanj 'kCnksa esa fxfjèkj osQ :i dk o.kZu fd;k gSA mUgksaus dgk gS fd
fxfjèkj us flj ij eksj&eqoqQV] 'kjhj ij ihys oL=k rFkk xys esa euksgj oStarh ekyk èkkj.k
dh gqbZ gSA
(Ä) ehjkckbZ vius fxfjèkj osQ n'kZu djus osQ fy, vR;ar vèkhj gSaA os lqcg&'kke] gj izgj]
;equkth osQ rhj ij vius fxfjèkj osQ n'kZu ikuk pkgrh gSaA ,slk u gksus osQ dkj.k muosQ
ân; esa vèkhjrk gSA
2- (d) bu iafDr;ksa esa ehjkckbZ fxfjèkj dk xq.kxku dj jgh gSaA os dgrh gSa fd JhÑ".k us le;≤
ij vius HkDrksas dh j{kk dh gSA ,d ckj nzkSinh dh ykt cpkdj rks nwljh ckj ujgfj osQ
dkj.k 'kjhj èkkj.k djosQ vius HkDrksa dk eku j[kkA
([k) ehjkckbZ O;koqQy gksdj JhÑ".k ls vkxzg dj jgh gSa fd os mudks ;equk osQ fdukjs n'kZu
nsaA n'kZu ikus osQ fy, mudk ân; cgqr vèkhj gSA os JhÑ".k dh vuU;HkfDr djrh gSaA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) fxfj dks èkkj.k fd;k gS ftlus (Jh Ñ".k) cgqozhfg lekl
([k) udkc osQ fcuk vO;;hHkko lekl
(x) jk"Vª osQ firk lacaèk rRiq#"k lekl
(?k) m¡Qpk vkSj uhpk n~oan~o lekl
(Ä) ik¡p oVksa dk lekgkj n~foxq lekl
2- (d) esjk ([k) Lo;a (x) ftldh] mldh (?k) dksbZ (Ä) og
3- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) lqanj&lqanj pwfM+;k¡ ([k) ubZ clsa
(x) rhl iQhV pkSM+k igkM+ (?k) igyh cksyrh fI+kQYe
(Ä) bZekunkj vkneh
rr
98
14 vleFkZ nkrk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) ,d iSlk ([k) lqD[kks
(x) pus vkSj lkFk esa pqVdh Hkj uedA (?k) ,d fpduk #i;k vkSj pkj dksus okyh nqvUuh
fyf[kr
1- (d) fHk[kkfju yM+dh dks Hkh[k nsus osQ bPNqd ys[kd dks ns[kdj yM+dh osQ ik¡p&lkr lkFkh
Hkh ys[kd dks ?ksjdj [kM+s gks x,A laHkzkar lTtu vkSj [kksaeps okys ys[kd dks cqjh rjg
i¡Qlk ns[kdj mldh gennhZ :ih de”kksjh ij rjl [kkus yxsA
([k) yM+dh us viuh ek¡ dh chekjh dks Hkh[k ek¡xus dk dkj.k crk;kA
(x) ys[kd us yM+dh dks bdUuh rks ns nh] ij mls yxk fd cspkjh dh vaèkh ek¡ chekj gS vkSj
og cgqr NksVh gS] og mls vosQys oSQls l¡HkkysxhA ys[kd gennhZ o lgkuqHkwfr osQ dkj.k
yM+dh osQ ihNs&ihNs mldh xanh xyh esa pyk x;kA
(?k) :eky nsrs gq, ys[kd Lo;a dks vijkèkh blfy, eglwl djrk gS] D;ksafd ml :eky esa
Á‚$»¸§ f?klk gqvk fpduk ,d #i;k vkSj pkj dksus okyh nqvUuh gh FkhA og enn djuk
pkgrk Fkk] ij og Lo;a Hkh xjhc FkkA vr% ys[kd Lo;a dks vijkèkh eglwl dj jgk FkkA
2- (d) (û) ([k) (û) (x) () (?k) ()
ewY;ijd iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
99
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) liQyrk µ vliQyrk ([k) lH;rk µ vlH;rk
(x) vxyk µ fiNyk (?k) ckgj µ Hkhrj
(Ä) laHkkfor µ vlaHkkfor (p) eku µ vieku
(N) b/j µ m/j (t) lg~; µ vlg~;
(>) vf/dkj µ vukf/dkj (×k) ukFk µ vukFk
(V) lR; µ vlR; (B) egkRek µ nqjkRek
2- ^^ckcw th] ckcw th!**
^^gSa] ;g D;k\** eSaus ihNs eqM+dj ns[kk rks ,d ukS&nl lky dh eSyh&oqQpSyh yM+dh esjs oqQjrs
dk fiNyk iYyk idM+dj fxM+fxM+k jgh Fkhµ^^ckcwth ,d iSlk! esjh ek¡ va/h---** og dgrh
tk jgh Fkh vkSj eSa mlls fiaM NqM+kus osQ fy, oqQN cgkuk&lk <w¡<+ jgk FkkA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjnf'kZrk
ys[kd us êSa rks [kqn xjhc gw¡* ,slk blfy, dgk] D;ksafd og Lo;a vkfFkZd :i ls de”kksj FkkA
mldh vkfFkZd fLFkfr Hkh n;uh; FkhA mlosQ diM+s Hkh iQVs gq,] Vksih eSyh vkSj og uaxs iSj FkkA
yky&cRrh gksus ij pkSjkgksa ij] xyh esa ?kwers gq,] eafnj osQ ckgj vkSj LVs'ku ,oa cl&LVkWi ij
txg&txg fHk[kkjh cPps Hkh[k ek¡xrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA bu cPpksa dks cpiu ls gh Hkh[k ek¡xus dh
dyk fl[kkbZ tkrh gSA tSls vaèks cudj Hkh[k ek¡xuk] gkFk&iSj dks Vs<+k dj ysuk] ek¡xrs le;
d#.k foyki djuk] fdlh osQ lkeus ckj&ckj gkFk iSQykuk] rc rd ihNk u NksM+uk tc rd mUgsa
iSls u fey tk,¡] iSjksa dks idM+ ysuk] vYykg ;k bZ'oj osQ uke dh nqgkbZ nsdjµ^^[kqnk! vkidks
lyker j[ks] cky&cPps thrs jgsa] vkidh jks”kh&jksVh lyker jgs** vkfn dgukA dHkh&dHkh rks
nnZukd vkok”k esa bl rjg ls Hkh[k ek¡xrs gSa fd ge u pkgrs gq, Hkh mudh ckrksa osQ izHkko esa
vkdj oqQN&u&oqQN ns nssrs gSaA
cPps Hkh[k u ek¡xs blosQ fy, gesa mUgsa f'k{kk dh vksj tksM+uk gksxkA ljdkj dks bl leL;k dks
gy djus osQ fy, fu;e cukus gksaxsA
uksVµ cPps Hkh Lo;a osQ vuqHko ls lksp&fopkjdj Hkh[k ek¡xus osQ fofHkUu rjhosQ fy[ksaxsA blls os
fHk{kko`fRr leL;k dh Hk;kudrk dk vuqHko djus esa leFkZ gksaxsA
100
dYiuk dh mM+ku
;fn ys[kd osQ LFkku ij ge gksrs rks yM+dh dh ek¡ dks vLirky esa HkrhZ djok nsrsA ge viuh
lkeF;Z osQ vuqlkj vkfFkZd enn Hkh nsrs] rkfd yM+dh dks Hkw[kk u jguk iM+s vkSj tc rd
mldh ek¡ Bhd ugha gks tkrh] mls Hkh[k ugha ek¡xus nsrsA
uksVµ cPpksa n~okjk fn, x, mRrj Hkh ekU; gksaxs] D;ksafd blls roZQlEer lksp&fopkj dj fu.kZ; ysus
dh {kerk dk fodkl gksxkA
yM+dh ckdh iSlksa ls ek¡ dh nokbZ] vkVk] nfy;k] xqM+ vkfn oqQN Hkh FkksM+k&lk lkeku [kjhn
ldrh gSA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
fHk{kko`fRr dks jksdus osQ fy, ljdkj rFkk lekt&lqèkkj laLFkkvksa n~okjk fofHkUu dk;ZØe pyk,
tk jgs gSaµ
1- lu 1976 esa egkjk"Vª osQ rRdkyhu eq[;ea=kh Jh 'kadjjko pg~ok.k us eqacbZ esa 600 fHk[kkjh
idM+ok, vkSj muesa ls iaxq] v'kDr vkSj cw<+ksa dks pSEcwj osQ fHk{kqd vkJe ^cSxj gkse*
esa j[kkA
2- dke djus yk;d gV~Vs&dV~Vs fHk[kkfj;ksa dks ejkBokM+k ugj [kksnus osQ dke esa yxk;kA
3- fnYyh iz'kklu us ^lsok oqQVhj* laLFkk cukbZA
4- lekt&lsoh laLFkk,¡ yaxM+s rFkk dksf<+;ksa dk bykt djosQ mUgsa thou thus ;ksX; f'k{kk rFkk
O;olk; osQ fy, rS;kj dj jgh gSaA
5- cPpksa osQ fy, f'k{kk izkIr djuk vklku gks] blosQ fy, ljdkjh Lrj ij iqLrosaQ] ;wuhiQkWeZ]
Hkkstu vkfn dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA
101
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) ys[kd dks jkLrs esa fdlus jksdk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) og yM+dh ys[kd osQ ikl ykSVdj D;ksa vkbZ\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) D;k og yM+dh viuh ek¡ osQ fo"k; esa lp dg jgh Fkh\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ys[kd [kqn dks vijkèkh&lk D;ksa eglwl dj jgs Fks\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ikB dk 'kh"kZd fdl izdkj lkFkZd gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) dkrj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ;kpuk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) thou µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) f'k"Vkpkj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) gennZ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
102
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ^j* dk mfpr iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) laHkkar µ ----------------------------------
([k) xèknf"V µ ----------------------------------
(x) oaQnu µ ----------------------------------
(?k) loLo µ ----------------------------------
(Ä) v'kqèkkjk µ ----------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks 'kqn~èk djosQ fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) pkrq;Zrk µ ------------------------------------------------
([k) bZ"kkZ µ ------------------------------------------------
(x) galuk µ ------------------------------------------------
(?k) foKkfud µ ------------------------------------------------
(Ä) izTtofyr µ ------------------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fØ;k osQ Hksn fyf[k,µ

1 & 5 ¾ 5
vdeZd fØ;k] ldeZd fØ;k
(d) og ”kksj&”kksj ls jksus yxhA µ -----------------------------------------------
([k) euh"k dy eqacbZ pyk x;kA µ -----------------------------------------------
(x) nknk th dgkuh lqukus yxsA µ -----------------------------------------------
(?k) cPps [kq'kh ls ukpus yxsA µ -----------------------------------------------
(Ä) ge lcus fi+QYe ns[khA µ -----------------------------------------------
103
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- bl ikB esa ys[kd us vufèkdkj fdlh osQ thou esa >k¡dus ij O;aX; dlk gSA vki
bl fo"k; esa D;k lksprs gSa\ 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fHk{kko`fRr ,d vfHk'kki gSµbldks nwj djus osQ fy, ljdkj D;k Bksl dne mBk
ldrh gS\ fe=kksa osQ lkFk ppkZ djosQ ,d ys[k fyf[k,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
104
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ys[kd dks jkLrs esa ukS&nl lky dh ,d eSyh&oqQpSyh yM+dh us jksdkA
([k) og
yM+dh ys[kd osQ ikl ykSVdj blfy, vkbZ] D;ksafd mls vk'kk Fkh fd ys[kd
mls oqQN&u&oqQN vo'; nsxkA
(x) gk¡] og yM+dh viuh ek¡ osQ fo"k; esa lp dg jgh FkhA mldh ek¡ lpeqp chekj FkhA
(?k) ys[kd ml yM+dh dh enn djuk pkgrk Fkk] ¯drq os [kqn vkfFkZd :i ls le`n~èk
ugha Fkk] vr% Lo;a dks vijkèkh&lk eglwl dj jgk FkkA
(Ä) ys[kd dk LoHkko nwljksa osQ lq[k&nq[k tkuus] Lo;a ykpkj gksrs gq, Hkh gennhZ fn[kkus
dk gS] ¯drq og Lo;a vkfFkZd :i ls de”kksj gSA bl izdkj ikB dk 'kh"kZd lkFkZd gSA
2- (d) cPpk dkrj n`f"V ls esjh vksj ns[k jgk FkkA

([k) yM+dh viuh ;kpuk esa liQy ugha gqbZA
(x) thou esa lcdks eupkgh oLrq ugha feyrhA
(?k) >ksiM+iV~Vh osQ cPps f'k"Vkpkj ugha tkursA
(Ä) og xjhc Fkh blfy, dksbZ mldk gennZ ugha FkkA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) laHkzkar ([k) x`èkzn`f"V (x) Øanu (?k) loZLo (Ä) vJqèkkjk
2- (d) prqjrk ([k) bZ";kZ (x) g¡luk (?k) oSKkfud (Ä) izTofyr
3- (d) vdeZd ([k) vdeZd (x) ldeZd (?k) vdeZd (Ä) ldeZd
rr
105
15 esjh vkRedFkkµ
pkyhZ pSifyu
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) ys[kd dk tUe bZLV ysu] osyoFkZ esa 16 vizSy] 1889 dks gqvk FkkA
([k) ys[kd dh ek¡ oSjk;Vh LVst dh dykd=khZ FkhA
(x) ys[kd us v/isuh dk ,d flDdk fuxy fy;k FkkA
(?k) ys[kd dh ek¡ cPpksa dks vyx&vyx ukVdksa osQ va'kksa dk vfHku; djosQ fn[kkrh FkhaA
(Ä) ek¡ dh vkok”k cgqr rdyhiQ nsus yxh] mudh Lojra=kh esa lwtu vk xbZ FkhA
fyf[kr
1- (d) tc ek¡ jfookj dks vPNs diM+s igukdj ?kqekus ys tkrhA cPps osQfuaxVu jksM ij brjkrs
rc ifjokj osQ fy, ;s vkRelarqf"V osQ volj gksrsA
([k) tc ys[kd ek¡ dh iqjkuh yky yach tqjkcksa esa ls dkV owQVdj cuk;h xbZ tqjkcsa igudj
tkrk rks cPps mls ^^vk x, lj izQkafll Mªsd** dgrsA
(x) ek¡ us ;h'kw elhg dh nnZukd f”aknxh osQ izlaxksa dk vfHku; bl izdkj fd;k fd nksuksa HkkbZ
jks iM+sA ys[kd dks ek¡ us bruk Hkko fog~oy dj fn;k fd og mlh jkr ejuk o ;h'kw ls
feyuk pkgrk FkkA
(?k) ek¡ dks fFk;sVj esa dke feyuk blfy, can gks x;k Fkk] D;ksafd ek¡ dh Lojra=kh esa lwtu
vk xbZ Fkh vkSj mudh vkok”k [kj[kjkus yxh FkhA
(Ä) ek¡ dh [kj[kjkrh vkok”k ij n'kZdksa us 'kksj epk;k rks pkyhZ dks LVst ij tkuk iM+kA viuh
vkok”k esa xkrs gq, ys[kd us lHkh dk eu eksg fy;k vkSj vk/s le; ij gh LVst ls iSls
cVksjus yxkA viuh ek¡ dh [kj[kjkrh vkok”k dh udy djus yxk ftls n'kZdksa us cgqr
ilan fd;kA ;gh Fkk pkyhZ dk LVst ij igyk vuqHkoA
2- (d) (ü) ([k) (û) (x) (ü) (?k) (û)
106
ewY;ijd iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
ek¡ cPpksa ls cgqr I;kj djrh FkhA lHkh ek¡vksa dh rjg pkyhZ dh ek¡ Hkh vius cPpksa dks vPNk
thou nsuk pkgrh FkhA dM+h esgur djrh Fkh] ij cPpksa osQ euksjatu osQ fy, jfookj dks mUgsa
vPNs diM+s igukdj ?kqekus Hkh ys tkrh FkhA ek¡ muosQ lkeus ;h'kw dk vfHku; dj cPpksa dks
vPNh&vPNh f'k{kk nsus dk iz;Ru Hkh djrh FkhA ek¡ cPpksa osQ ckr djus dk <ax o mPPkkj.k
rFkk O;kdj.k Hkh lq/kjrh vkSj cPpksa dks [kkl gksus dk vglkl djkrhA
ek¡ osQ l'kDr vfHku;µ^tks fd ;h'kw elhg osQ nnZukd izlaxksa ij vk/kfjr Fkk* dks ns[kdj
ys[kd bruk Hkko&foHkksj gks x;k fd og mlh jkr ej tkuk vkSj ;h'kw ls feyuk pkgrk FkkA rc
ek¡ us le>k;k fd igys rqe thvks vkSj vius HkkX; dks ;gha iwjk djksA bUgha ckrksa ls rFkk ek¡
osQ I;kj o n;k us ys[kd dks ekuork dh T;ksfr ls Hkj fn;k vFkkZr~ nhu&nqf[k;ksa osQ izfr izse o
ekuo dks ekuo ls izse djus dh Hkkouk ls vksr&izksr dj fn;kA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- vaxzs”kh mnwZ vaxzs”kh mnwZ vaxzs”kh mnwZ vaxzs”kh mnwZ
bZLV ysu djrc fFk;sVj cjl osQfuaxVu nj[r E;wftd gkWy iks'kkd
lSafMy egk'k; foaXl e'kgwj vkosZQLVªk
2- (d) vyx&vyx µ lHkh us vyx&vyx Hkafxekvksa osQ lkFk u`R; fd;kA
([k) ihNs&ihNs µ eSa ek¡ osQ ihNs&ihNs py iM+kA
(x) rjg&rjg µ pkyhZ ukp&fn[kkdj rjg&rjg dh udy djrk FkkA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
107
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) pkyhZ osQ HkkbZ ys[kd ls fdrus cjl cM+s Fks\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) flMuh fdl izdkj osQ djrc fn[kkrk Fkk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) pkyhZ lk<+s rhu cjl dh mez esa D;k djosQ fn[kkuk pkgrk Fkk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ?kksM+s&cl osQ mQij cSBk ys[kd D;k djrk Fkk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) E;wftd gkWy tkdj ys[kd D;k ns[krk Fkk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) jkr µ ------------------------ ([k) HkkbZ µ ------------------------
(x) yach µ ------------------------ (?k) ejuk µ ------------------------
(Ä) g¡luk µ ------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5
(d) ek¡ µ ------------------------ ([k) lezkV µ ------------------------
(x) jkr µ ------------------------ (?k) I;kj µ ------------------------
(Ä) gkFk µ ------------------------
108
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2


(d) eqM+h&rqM+h iks'kkd vkSj fox igudj ek¡ fdldk vfHku; djrh Fkh\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) pkyhZ dh ek¡ fdldh udy djosQ fn[kkrh Fkh\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) usiksfy;u cudj ek¡ D;k ykdj nsus dh ckr djrh\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ys[kd ejuk vkSj ;h'kw ls feyuk D;ksa pkgrk Fkk\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ys[kd dh ek¡ gj gÝrs fdruk dek ysrh Fkh\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr fo'ks";ksa osQ vkxs mfpr fo'ks"k.k yxkb,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) ----------------------- cPpk
([k) ----------------------- jkr
(x) ----------------------- lkts±V
(?k) ----------------------- n'kZd
(Ä) ----------------------- LVst
109
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ls fØ;kin vyx dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
(d) mlus eq>s ,d gkFk ls Fkkek vkSj LVst ij ys x;kA --------------------------------------------------------
([k) ek¡ gekjh O;kdj.k lq/kjrh jgrhA --------------------------------------------------------
(x) eSa mlosQ ckn xkuk xkm¡QxkA --------------------------------------------------------
(?k) eSaus ek¡ dh udy djosQ fn[kkbZA --------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ml fnu eSa igyh ckj LVst ij mrjk FkkA --------------------------------------------------------
110
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- ^g¡lrs gq, eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk djus ls mu ij vklkuh ls fot; ikbZ tk ldrh gSA* ;fn
vki bl dFku ls lger gSa rks vius fopkj fyf[k,A ;fn ugha rks dkj.k Hkh crkb,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- lM+d ij Hkh[k ek¡xrs cPps vkSj Vhúohú pSuyksa ij fn[kk, tkus okys 14 o"kZ ls de mez
osQ cPps] nksuksa gh cky&etnwjh osQ nk;js esa vkrs gSaA fiQj Hkh Vhoh ij /M+Yys ls bu cPpksa
dks yk;k tkrk gSA nksuksa esa varj Li"V djrs gq, vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
111
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) pkj cjl
([k) gkFk dh lI+kQkbZ osQ djrc
(x) vius cM+s HkkbZ dh rjg osQ djrc vFkkZr~ flDdk fuxydj mls flj osQ ihNs ls fudky dj
fn[kkukA
(?k) vkl&ikl osQ isM+ksa dks Nwus dh dksf'k'k djrkA
(Ä) vius firk dk vfHku;A
2- (d) fnu ([k) cgu (x) NksVh (?k) thuk (Ä) jksuk
3- (d) ekrk ([k) jktk (x) jtuh (?k) izse (Ä) gLr
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) vyx&vyx ukVdksa osQ va'kksa dk vfHku; djrh FkhA
([k) foYlu cSjV dh m¡Qph iksi tSlh vkok”k dh udy djosQ fn[kkrh FkhA
(x) ,d fdrkc ykdj nsus dh ckr djrhA
(?k) ek¡ osQ n~okjk ;h'kw osQ nnZukd izlaxksa dk bruk [kwclwjrh ls vfHku; fd;k x;k ftlls ys[kd
mlh jkr ;h'kw ls feyus dh lkspus yxkA
(Ä) 25 ikSaM dek ysrh FkhA
2- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) pqycqyk@uV[kV cPpk
([k) Mjkouh jkr
(x) vPNs lkts±V
(?k) ewd n'kZd
(Ä) cM+k LVst
3- (d) Fkkek@ys x;kA ([k) lq/kjrh jgrhA (x) xkm¡QxkA (?k) djosQ fn[kkbZA
(Ä) mrjk FkkA
rr
112
16 euq"; dk Hkfo";
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) Hkfo"; dks
([k) vk/qfud rduhdksa dk iz;ksx djus okys
(x) euq"; Hkfo"; ns[k ldrk gS vU; tho ughaA
(?k) izksú xqjn;ky efyd
(Ä) ihM+k gS rks vk'kk Hkh gSA
fyf[kr
1- (d) fodflr rFkk fodklksUeq[k ns'kksa osQ eè; mRiknu dh c<+rh izfrLièkkZ osQ dkj.k orZeku ;qx
dks O;kolkf;d ;qx dgk x;k gSA
([k) mRiknu&{kerk c<+kus dk Hk;kud ifj.kke fudyk gSA blls leLr fo'o esa iznw"k.k c<+kus
okys ;a=kksa osQ fuekZ.k dh gksM+&lh yx xbZA ok;qeaMy dbZ izdkj dh fo"kkDr xSlksa ls Hkj
x;kA fodkl osQ fy, vko';d ekus tkus okys midj.kksa osQ c<+rs mRiknu us laiw.kZ Ïksrksa
osQ vfLrRo ij iz'ufpg~u yxk fn;k gSA
(x) vkèkqfud foKku vkSj rduhd osQ dkj.k euq"; nwj ns'k esa gksrs gq, Hkh vius fiz;tuksa osQ ∑§Ê$»§Ë
lehi jg ldrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr thou osQ izR;sd {ks=k esa vusd lkèku mls migkj osQ
:i esa feys gSa] tks mls fujksxh] nh?kZthoh] lqlaLÑr rFkk mldh vkèkqfud thou&'kSyh dks
ljy cukus esa lgk;d gksrs gSaA
(?k) izksú efyd osQ fe=k dh iRuh xHkZorh FkhA mUgsa dgha tkuk FkkA muosQ fe=k ulks± o MkWDVjksa
osQ iQksu uacj izksú efyd dks nsdj mUgsa vius ?kj NksM+ x, FksA bl izdkj izksú efyd us
fe=k osQ u jgus ij mudh iRuh dh lgk;rk dhA
(Ä) ys[kd dks fo'okl gS fd euq"; bl ckj Hkh cpsxk vkSj ubZ vk'kk] ubZ meax ysdj fiQj
vkxs c<+sxkA euq"; dk Hkfo"; fu'p; gh mTToy gSA
2- (d) () ([k) () (x) (û) (?k) () (Ä) (û) (p) (û)
ewY;ijd iz'u
foKku osQ vR;fèkd fodkl dh pdkpkSaèk esa euq"; fujarj fouk'k osQ xrZ esa èk¡lrk tk jgk gSA
vuojr ouksa dh dVkbZ ls euq"; iznw"k.k dh leL;k ls xzLr gSA ok;qeaMy esa O;kIr xSlsa Hkh
fo"kSyh gksrh tk jgh gSaA yxrk gS fd euq"; dh bgyhyk lekIr gksus osQ dxkj ij gS] vxj og
le; ls ugha psrk rks ,d fnu fodkl 'kCn osQ LFkku ij 'kh?kz gh ^fouk'k* 'kCn izfrLFkkfir gks
tk,xkA
113
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) fodkl $ mUeq[k ([k) vfr $ vf/d (x) ifj $ vkoj.k
(?k) fu% $ jksx (Ä) fu% $ Ny (p) fu% $ lansg
(N) mr~ $ Toy
2- (d) Hkw] /jk ([k) efr] es/k (x) ekuo] balku (?k) bZ'oj] nsork
(Ä) lqr] uanu (p) fo'o] txr (N) eu] fny (t) lsfodk] ukSdjkuh
(>) nnZ] O;Fkk
3- (d) (iii) ([k) (iv) (x) (vii) (?k) (v) (Ä) (vi) (p) (ii) (N) (i)
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjnf'kZrk
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
tks ns'k vkfFkZd rkSj ij fdlh vU; ns'k ij fuHkZj ugha gksrs] fodflr ns'k dgykrs gSaA ftu ns'kksa
dh fodkl izfØ;k vHkh py jgh gS rFkk ftUgsa vU; ns'kksa dh lgk;rk dh vko';drk iM+rh
gSA os ns'k fodklksUeq[k ns'kksa dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA fodflr ns'kksa dh Js.kh esa vesfjdk] :l]
baXySM rFkk fodklksUeq[k ns'kksa dh Js.kh osQ varxZr Hkkjr] phu] ikfdLrku vkfn ns'k vkrs gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
cny x;k gS Hkkjr vktA
ns[kks] vkWLdj Hkh mlus ik fy;kAA
vc ugha gS ihNs fdlh lsA
vkèkqfudrk dk ijpe Hkh iQgjk fy;kAA
ukjh us Hkh ns'k dk eku c<+k;k gSA
flrkjksa ij mlus viuk vkf'k;k¡ cuk;k gSAA
ugha jgk vkt FkksFkh :f<+;ksa dk jkt]
cny x;k gS Hkkjr vktA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
vkt dk ;qx foKku dk ;qx gSA foKku us gh ekuo tkfr dks izxfr osQ iFk ij vxzlj fd;k gSA
foKku dk iSQyko fpfdRlk] f'k{kk] ;krk;kr] O;kikj] Ñf"k vkSj euksjatu ls ysdj u{k=k&yksd
rd igq¡p pqdk gSA blus vusd chekfj;ksa dk bykt Hkh <w¡<+ fy;k gSA fon~;qr foKku dk lcls
cM+k ojnku gS] ¯drq tgk¡ ,d vksj ;g ojnku gS] ogha nwljh vksj vfHk'kki Hkh gSA blosQ dkj.k
gh iznw"k.k dk nSR; gekjh tku ysus dks rS;kj [kM+k gSA j{kk osQ uke ij lagkjd vL=kksa osQ fuekZ.k
osQ dkj.k nqfu;k ck:n osQ <sj ij [kM+h fn[kkbZ nsus yxh gSA
114
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) fodflr rFkk fodklksUeq[k ns'kksa esa D;k varj gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) vkèkqfud foKku rFkk rduhd us euq"; dks D;k&D;k fn;k gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ^tkxuk* dk vFkZ D;k gksrk gS\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) efyd th bruk D;ksa ?kcjk x, Fks\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) îhM+k gS rks vk'kk Hkh gS*µdk D;k rkRi;Z gS\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 = 5

(d) euq"; dk Hkfo"; fu'p; gh mTToy gSA
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) lqf[k;k lc lalkj gS [kk, vkSj lks,A

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
115
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lafèk&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) izR;sd µ ---------------------------- $ ----------------------------
([k) ekj.kkL=kksa µ ---------------------------- $ ----------------------------
(x) Hkfo"; µ ---------------------------- $ ----------------------------
(?k) uoksn; µ ---------------------------- $ ----------------------------
(Ä) vuqPNsn µ ---------------------------- $ ----------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) vgadkj µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
([k) mUufr µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
(x) o`Q"kd µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
(?k) nwèk µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
(Ä) ;qn~èk µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
3- uhps fn, x, vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

(d) tks nwj dh lksps µ --------------------------------------------------------
([k) tks de cksyrk gks µ --------------------------------------------------------
(x) 'kj.k esa vk;k gks µ --------------------------------------------------------
(?k) O;kdj.k tkuus okyk µ --------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ftlesa lgu'kfDr gks µ --------------------------------------------------------
116
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- dYiuk dhft, fd gekjk Hkkjr fodklksUeq[k ls fodflr ns'kksa dh fxurh esa fxuk tkus
yxs] rc gekjs ns'k esa D;k cnyko gksaxs\ 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- Hkfo"; esa foKku dh mM+ku dgk¡ rd tk ldrh gS\ dYiuk osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
117
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) fodflr ns'k os gSa] tgk¡ vkèkqfud rduhd dk iw.kZ mi;ksx gksrk gSA ,sls ns'k vko';drkuq:i
ukuk izdkj dh lkexzh dk mRiknu djrs gSaA fodklksUeq[k ns'k os gSa tks fodflr ns'kksa osQ
leku gh mRiknu djus dh vkdka{kk j[krs gSa vkSj mlosQ fy, iz;kljr gSaA
([k) vkèkqfud foKku vkSj rduhd us euq"; dks cgqr oqQN fn;k gSA euq"; dks uhjksx]
nh?kZthoh vkSj lqlaLo`Qr cuk;k gSA lalkj osQ euq"; ,d&nwljs osQ fudV vk, gSaA
(x) ^tkxuk* dk vFkZ gksrk gSµfoosd osQ lkFk lkspukA euq"; lkèkkj.k :i ls lksdj tkxrk gS]
ijarq ogh okLrfod :i ls tkxrk gS ftldk foosd tkxrk gS] ftlesa lgh&xyr dh igpku
djus dh {kerk gksrh gSA
(?k) efyd th blfy, bruk ?kcjk x, Fks] D;ksafd mUgksaus igys dHkh ,slh ifjfLFkfr dk lkeuk
ugha fd;k FkkA ftudh lsok djuh Fkh] os muosQ fudV Hkh ugha tk ldrs FksA
(Ä) îhM+k gS rks vk'kk Hkh gS*µdk rkRi;Z gS fd euq"; ;fn ¯pfrr gS] bldk eryc gS fd og
tkx`r gSA mldk foosd lks;k gqvk ugha gSA ihM+k esa gh vk'kk fNih gqbZ gSA
2- (d) bl iafDr dk vk'k; gS fd euq"; osQ vkxs fdruh gh ckj fo"ke ladV mifLFkr gqvk gS] ij
og lnk ubZ vk'kk] ubZ meax osQ lkFk vkxs c<+rk gSA euq"; lnk viuh xyfr;ksa ls lh[krk
vk;k gSA vr% euq"; dk Hkfo"; fu'p; gh mTToy gSA
([k) dchjnkl us lalkj dks nks Jsf.k;ksa esa ck¡Vrs gq, dgk gS fd bl lalkj esa os yksx lq[kh gSa tks
osQoy [kkrs vkSj lksrs gSaA vFkkZr LokFkZijd thou O;rhr djrs gSaA osQoy vius fy, thrs
gSaA lPpk O;fDr og gS tks foosd ls dke ysrk gS] ,slk O;fDr dHkh pSu ls osQoy vius
fy, ugha th ldrkA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) izfr $ ,d ([k) ekj.k $ vL=kksa (x) Hkks $ b";
(?k) uo $ mn; (Ä) vuq $ Nsn
2- (d) naHk] niZ ([k) mRFkku] fodkl (x) [ksfrgj] gyèkj
(?k) {khj] nqXèk (Ä) j.k] lej
3- (d) nwjn'khZ ([k) ferHkk"kh (x) 'kj.kkxr (?k) oS;kdj.k (Ä) lfg".kq
rr
118
17 'kkafr ds nLr[kr
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) 'kkafr dk
([k) 'kkafr osQ nLr[kr
(x) fdlku] e”knwj (ftUgsa lkgwdkj nafMr djrk gS)
(?k) ce cukus okys [kwuh xhr xk jgs gSaA
fyf[kr
1- (d) pkjksa rjiQ 'kkafr iSQykuk] yksxksa dks tkx:d djukA
([k) oqQN yksx vkrad iSQykdj 'kkafr gksus ugha nsuk pkgrsA blfy, dfo e”kcwr bjknksa ls ozQkafr
ykuk pkgrk gSA
(x) tks ce cuk jgs gSa] yksxksa dks /edk jgs gSa] fouk'k dk rkaMo epk jgs gSaA dfo ,sls yksxksa
dks jksduk pkgrk gSA og ,slk 'kkafr iSQykus osQ fy, djuk pkgrk gSA
(?k) dfo I;kj ls] ln~Hkkouk ls] lR; ls rFkk ekuo dY;k.k ls ;qn/
~ dh dVq Hkkouk dks [kafMr djuk
pkgrk gSA
2- (d) (ü) ([k) (ü) (x) (û) (?k) (û)
ewY;ijd iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
119
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) izdkj] izlkj] izdk'k ([k) vktUe] vkej.k] vkdk'k
(x) HkjisV] Hkjld] Hkjiwj (?k) cnuke] cnfdLer] cnlywdh
2- (d) 'kksf"kr ([k) ;qn~/ (x) lR; (?k) [kafMr
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
vkb,] oqQN djsa

Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
120
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) dfo [kwu ls Mwch dye ls D;k djuk pkgrk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) dfo osQ vuqlkj le; ;qn~/ dk u gksdj fdldk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) dfo fdldk fuekZ.k djuk pkgrk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ûopsruk* ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) dfo us fdls [kafMr djus dh ckr dgh gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 5

(d) dfo µ ------------------------------ ([k) Kkuoku µ ------------------------------
(x) xk¡ooklh µ ------------------------------ (?k) izkr% µ ------------------------------
(Ä) dVq µ ------------------------------
3- okD;ka'k osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 5
(Ä) fdlh dks u ekjuk µ ------------------------------
([k) gj fnu gksus okyk dk;Z µ ------------------------------
(x) lkFk feydj dke djuk µ ------------------------------
(?k) ftldk 'kks"k.k fd;k x;k gks µ ------------------------------
(Ä) fgr dk Hkko gksuk µ ------------------------------
121
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2


(d) dfo fdudh u lquus dh ckr dgrk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) dfo osQ ân; esa fdl izdkj dk fgr dk Hkko fon~;eku gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) dfo 'kkafr osQ nLr[+kr djosQ fdls gjus dh ckr djrk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) var esa dfo fdlosQ ân; ij 'kkafr osQ nLr[+kr djuk pkgrk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) dye oSQlh gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
122
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls izR;; vyx dhft,µ 5
(d) euh"kh ---------------------------------------
([k) [kafMr ---------------------------------------
(x) Kkuoku ---------------------------------------
(?k) fufeZr ---------------------------------------
(Ä) LFkkfir ---------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 5
(d) Kkuoku --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) 'kksf"kr --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ozQkafr --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) fufeZr --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) nLr[+kr --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
123
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- vkiosQ nks ?kfu"B fe=kksa esa >xM+k gks x;k gSA nksuksa dks le>krs gq, vki muls fdl izdkj
laokn djsaxsA fyf[k,A 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- Ñ".k êgkHkkjr dk ;qn/

~ u gks* blosQ fy, dkSjoksa osQ ikl 'kkafr&nwr cudj x, FksA d{kk
esa cPpksa osQ lkFk vFkok ekrk&firk ls ppkZ dj fyf[k, fd ogk¡ D;k gqvk Fkk\ 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
124
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) dfo 'kkafr osQ nLr[+kr djuk pkgrk gSA
([k) dfo osQ vuqlkj ;g le; 'kkafr dk gSA
(x) dfo 'kkafr osQ n`<+ eksjps dk fuekZ.k djuk pkgrk gSA
(?k) ubZ lksp o u, fopkj j[kukA
(Ä) ;qn~/ osQ dM+os Hkkoksa dks [kafMr djus dh ckr dgh gSA
2- (d) dof;=kh ([k) Kkughu (x) 'kgjh (?k) laè;k (Ä) e/qj
3- (d) vfgalk ([k) izfrfnu (nSfud) (x) lg;ksx (?k) 'kksf"kr (Ä) ln~Hkkouk
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) tks cgqr /edkrs jgrs gSa] tks ce cuk jgs gSa] tks [kwuh xhr xk jgs gSa vkSj fouk'k dks ykus
dk dk;Z dj jgs gSaA
([k) dfo osQ ân; esa lR; dk fgr dk Hkko fon~;eku gSA
(x) dfo e`R;q dh Nk;k dks gjus dh ckr djrk gSA
(?k) dfo lalkj osQ ijs'kku vFkkZr~ O;koqQy ân; ij 'kkafr osQ nLr[+kr djuk pkgrk gSA
(Ä) dye [kwu esa Mwch gSA
2- (d) bZ ([k) br (x) oku (?k) br (Ä) br
3- (d) Kkuoku µ t~ $ ×k~ $ vk $ u~ $ v $ o~ $ vk $ u~ $ v
([k) 'kksf"kr µ 'k~ $ vks $ "k~ $ b $ r~ $ v
(x) ozQkafr µ o~Q $ j~ $ vk $ u~ $ r~ $ b
(?k) fufeZr µ u~ $ b $ j~ $ e~ $ b $ r~ $ v
(Ä) nLr[+kr µ n~ $ v $ l~ $ r~ $ v $ [+k~ $ v $ r~ $ v
rr
125
18 [kjxks'k dh ,d vkSj nkSM+
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) jsyxkM+h dks ns[kdj [kjxks'k us lkspk fd og jsyxkM+h ls rs”k D;ksa ugha nkSM+ ldrkA ou esa lcls
rs”k nkSM+us okyk ,dek=k tkuoj ogh rks gSA vr% mldk nkSM+ esa dksbZ Hkh eqdkcyk ugha dj
ldrk gSA
([k) [kjxks'k dks vius mQij ?keaM gks x;k Fkk] D;ksafd og lkspus yxk Fkk fd ou esa mlosQ leku
dksbZ ugha gSA og lcls rs”k nkSM+ ldrk gSA
(x) lpeqp og gh ou esa Js"B gS] fiQj mls ou dk jktk D;ksa u cuk;k tk,A
(?k) og jsyxkM+h osQ lkFk&lkFk nkSM+ iM+kA
fyf[kr
1- (d) tc [kjxks'k us lHkh tkuojksa dks crk;k fd mlus nkSM+ esa jsyxkM+h dks Hkh iNkM+ fn;k gS]
rc lHkh [kjxks'k dks lcls Js"B ekudj mldk vknj djus yxsA
([k) mQnfcyko us [kjxks'k osQ lkeus ;g 'krZ j[kh fd mls taxy osQ lHkh tkuojksa osQ lkeus
jsyxkM+h osQ lkFk nkSM+dj ;g fn[kkuk gksxk fd og jsyxkM+h ls Hkh ”;knk rs”k nkSM+ ldrk
gS] fiQj lc mls taxy dk jktk cuk,¡xsA [kjxks'k us ?keaM osQ dkj.k mldh 'krZ rqjar eku
yhA
(x) og MkdxkM+h Fkh vkSj dbZ LVs'kuksa osQ ckn [kM+h gksrh FkhA mldh pky Hkh rs”k FkhA blfy,
[kjxks'k mls u idM+ ik;kA
(?k) var esa [kjxks'k jsyxkM+h ls nkSM+ yxkus dh dksf'k'k esa dk¡Vksa dh >kfM+;ksa esa my>dj ”k[eh
gks x;k vkSj mlus ogha izk.k R;kx fn,A
2- (d) (ü) ([k) (û) (x) (ü) (?k) (û)
ewY;ijd iz'u
bl uhfr dFkk ls ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd O;fDr dks vius cy o lkeF;Z osQ vuqlkj gh dke
djuk pkfg,A
126
mPpLrjh; iz'u
vius cy ls vfèkd dk;Z blfy, ugha djuk pkfg,] D;ksafd gj O;fDr dk viuk&viuk lkeF;Z
gS] vr% ml lkeF;Z ls c<+dj dk;Z djus dh dksf'k'k esa liQyrk rks feysxh ugha] cfYd uqdlku
mBkuk iM+ ldrk gSA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Nk=k Lo;a djsaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) vdeZd fØ;k µ (i) ,d fnu lqcg dk le; FkkA
(ii) [kjxks'k xoZ ls iwQy mBkA
([k) ldeZd fØ;k µ (i) [kjxks'k us mQnfcyko dh 'krZ rqjar eku yhA
(ii) ,d fnu [kjxks'k us jsyxkM+h ns[khA
2- fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k Hksn
(d) nwj LFkkuokpd
([k) [kwc ifjek.kokpd
(x) vHkh&vHkh dkyokpd
(?k) /M+k/M+ jhfrokpd
(Ä) /hjs jhfrokpd
3- (d) cqn~f/erh ([k) jkuh (x) f'kf{kdk (?k) gfFkuh (Ä) BoqQjkbu (p) dof;=kh
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjnf'kZrk
ys[kd us bl uhfr&dFkk dk 'kh"kZd ^[kjxks'k dh ,d vkSj jsl* blfy, j[kk] D;ksafd ;g dFkk
Hkh [kjxks'k osQ ?keaM ij gh osaQfnzr gSA gk¡] blls igys Hkh [kjxks'k vkSj dNq, dh jsl gqbZ FkhA
ml jsl esa [kjxks'k dk ?keaM pwj&pwj gks x;k Fkk fd og lcls rs”k Hkkxrk gS vkSj dNq, dks
ml jsl esa fot;h gksus dk rkt feyk FkkA mldh dgkuh bl izdkj gSµ
,d fnu [kjxks'k vius fe=k dNq, ls nkSM+ dh bPNk O;Dr djrk gS vkSj nkSM+ vkjaHk
gks tkrh gSA [kjxks'k viuh prqjkbZ ij izlUu gS fd mldh xfr dNq, dh xfr ls dbZ xquk
vfèkd gS] blfy, nkSM+ rks ogh thrsxkA vpkud nkSM+rs&nkSM+rs [kjxks'k dh n`f"V tkequksa ls Hkjs isM+
127
ij iM+rh gS vkSj og ”kehu ij fxjh tkequ [kkdj lqLrkus yxrk gSA blh chp dNqvk fuf'pr
LFkku ij fcuk #osQ igq¡p tkrk gS vkSj [kjxks'k dks 'kfe±nk gksuk iM+rk gSA
rs”k nkSM+us okys tkuoj µ 'ksj] phrk] ykseM+h] ?kksM+k] oqQRrk] fcYyh] [kjxks'kA
èkhjs nkSM+us okys tkuoj µ gkFkh] Hkkyw] dNqvk vkfnA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
[kjxks'k us ;g ?kks"k.kk djosQ fd og Vsªu ls Hkh vfèkd rs”k nkSM+rk gS] iwjs taxy esa viuh èkkd
tek yh FkhA taxy osQ lHkh izk.kh mls vknj dh n`f"V ls ns[kus yxs Fks] ftldk vuqfpr ykHk
[kjxks'k vo'; gh mBkrkA tc og jktk cu tkrk rks euekus rjhosQ ls lc ij viuk gqDe
pykrkA Ånfcyko us viuh cqn~fèkekuh fn[kkdj [kjxks'k dh okLrfodrk leLr taxyokfl;ksa osQ
le{k yk nh vkSj lcdks [kjxks'k dh >wBh 'ks[kh c?kkjus dk Kku gks x;kA
[kjxks'k dks viuh xfr ij cgqr ?keaM gks x;k FkkA vius blh ?keaM osQ dkj.k og vius&vki
dks Js"B le>us yxk FkkA ;fn jsyxkM+h vkSj [kjxks'k dh ctk,] fgju rFkk [kjxks'k dh nkSM+
gksrh rks oqQN bl rjg dk n`'; gksrkµÅnfcyko lc tkuojksa dks ,d fuf'pr LFkku ij bdV~Bk
djrk fd fgju o [kjxks'k dh nkSM+ esa thrus okys dks taxy dk jktk cuk fn;k tk,xkA nkSM+ osQ
vkjaHk gksrs gh [kjxks'k mNy&mNydj fgju ls vkxs fudy tkrk gS] rHkh mldh n`f"V ,d isM+
ij yVosQ vaxwj dh csy ij iM+rh vkSj og ;g lkspdj #d tkrk gS fd vjs! vHkh rks fgju
cgqr ihNs gksxk] rc rd eSa ;g ehBs vaxwj [kk ysrk gw¡ vkSj og vaxwj [kkus esa O;Lr gks tkrk]
rHkh fgju mlls vkxs fudy tkrk vkSj bl izdkj bl nkSM+ esa fgju dks fot;Jh feyrh ,oa
taxy dk jktRo Hkh fgju dks lkSaik tkrkA
vkb,] oqQN djsa

f'k{kd&f'kf{kdk cPpksa n~okjk ,dkadh fy[kus gsrq] laokn&ys[ku rFkk dFkkud&ik=k fuekZ.k vkfn
lacaèkh fcanqvksa ij ppkZ djsaA
128
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) jsyxkM+h dks ns[kdj [kjxks'k us D;k lkspk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) [kjxks'k dks D;ksa yxk fd og jsyxkM+h ls Hkh rs”k nkSM+ ldrk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) mQnfcyko us [kjxks'k osQ lkeus D;k 'krZ j[kh\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) bl ckj [kjxks'k jsyxkM+h ls rs”k D;ksa ugha Hkkx ldk\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) bl ikB ls D;k lh[k feyrh gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fy[kdj okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 &5 ¾ 5
(d) ueu µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) budkj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) iNkM+uk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) xoZ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ou µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
129
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr lkekfld inksa dk foxzg djosQ muosQ lekl dk uke fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) fnuksafnu µ ----------------------------------- ] -----------------------------------
([k) izseeXu µ ----------------------------------- ] -----------------------------------
(x) iq#"kksRre µ ----------------------------------- ] -----------------------------------
(?k) iapjRu µ ----------------------------------- ] -----------------------------------
(Ä) 'osrkacjh µ ----------------------------------- ] -----------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr tkfrokpd laKkvksa osQ Hkkookpd laKk 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) odhy µ -----------------------------------
([k) foèkok µ -----------------------------------
(x) cPpk µ -----------------------------------
(?k) balku µ -----------------------------------
(Ä) iq#"k µ -----------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k Nk¡Vdj muosQ Hksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5
(d) vgadkjh jko.k ekjk x;kA µ ---------------------------- ] ----------------------------
([k) eSaus ,d fdyks lsc [kjhnsA µ ---------------------------- ] ----------------------------
(x) cl esa ckjg ;k=kh cSBs gSaA µ ---------------------------- ] ----------------------------
(?k) og edku rks fcd x;kA µ ---------------------------- ] ----------------------------
(Ä) oqQN yksx vkil esa yM+ jgs gSaA µ ---------------------------- ] ----------------------------
130
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- D;k vki bl uhfr dFkk osQ var ls larq"V gSa\ D;k bl dgkuh dk dksbZ vkSj var gks ldrk
Fkk\ 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- D;k vki fdlh ?keaMh ;k vfHkekuh O;fDr osQ laioZQ esa vk, gS\a vkidk vuqHko oSQlk
jgk\ 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
131
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) jsyxkM+h dks ns[kdj [kjxks'k us lkspk] ¶D;k og jsyxkM+h dh rjg rs”k ugha nkSM+ ldrk\¸
([k) [kjxks'k osQ jsyxkM+h osQ lkFk nkSM+rs gq, jsyxkM+h ,d LVs'ku ij [kM+h gks xbZ vkSj mèkj
[kjxks'k jsyxkM+h dks ihNs NksM+dj cgqr vkxs fudy x;kA vr% [kjxks'k dks ;g Hkze gks x;k
fd og jsyxkM+h ls Hkh rs”k nkSM+ ldrk gSA
(x) Ånfcyko us [kjxks'k osQ lkeus ;g 'krZ j[kh fd mldks taxy osQ lHkh tkuojksa osQ lkeus
;g fn[kkuk gksxk fd og jsyxkM+h ls Hkh ”;knk rs”k nkSM+ ldrk gSA
(?k) bl ckj [kjxks'k ftl jsyxkM+h osQ lkFk nkSM+ jgk Fkk] og ,d MkdxkM+h Fkh tks cgqr de
#drh FkhA vr% bl ckj og jsyxkM+h ls rs”k ugha Hkkx ldkA
(Ä) bl ikB ls ;g lh[k feyrh gS fd gesa dHkh Lo;a dks cgqr c<+&p<+dj ugha le>uk pkfg,A
lkeF;Z ls vfèkd dke djus ij var esa Lo;a dks gh uqdlku mBkuk iM+rk gSA
2- (d) ueLdkj djuk µ gesa lnk vius cM+s&cq”kqxks± dks ueu djuk pkfg,A
([k) euk djuk µ eSaus d{kk esa >wB cksyus ls budkj dj fn;kA
(x) gjkuk µ esjs fon~;ky; osQ Nk=kksa us gkWdh esa izfrn~oanh LowQy osQ Nk=kksa dks iNkM+
fn;kA
(?k) vfHkeku µ eq>s viuh ekr`Hkwfe rFkk ekr`Hkk"kk ij xoZ gSA
(Ä) taxy µ igys jktk&egkjktk ouksa esa f'kdkj [ksyrs FksA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) fnu gh fnu esa vO;;hHkko lekl
([k) izse esa eXu vfèkdj.k rRiq#"k lekl
(x) iq#"kksa esa gS tks mRre deZèkkj; lekl
(?k) ik¡p jRuksa dk lewg n~foxq lekl
(Ä) 'osr gSa vacj ftlosQ (ljLorh) cgqozhfg lekl
2- (d) odkyr ([k) oSèkO; (x) cpiu (?k) balkfu;r (Ä) ikS#"k
3- (d) vgadkjh] xq.kokpd ([k) ,d fdyks] fuf'pr ifjek.kokpd
(x) ckjg] fuf'pr la[;kokph (?k) og] lkoZukfed
(Ä) oqQN] vfuf'pr la[;kokpd
rr
132

978 93 5199 818 1 New - Rangoli TM 08

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

978 93 5199 818 1 New - Rangoli TM 08

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

978 93 5199 818 1 New - Rangoli TM 08

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

f'k{kd&n£'kdk ,oa vH;kl&if=kdk

U;w ljLorh gkml (bafM;k) izkúfyú

Revised edition 2016

Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.

The moral rights of the author has been asserted.

© Reserved with the Publishers

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

([k) bl ns'k dks ^ve`r&ls* ty ls dkSu lhap jgk gS\

(x) Hkkjr esa lqxaf/r iq"i D;k dj jgs gSa\

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ^bZ* izR;; yxkdj u;k 'kCn cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) jRus'k ¾ ------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------

(Ä) ;'kLoh ¾ ------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ -------- $ --------

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa milxZ yxkdj u;k 'kCn cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

mudh fo'ks"krk Hkh fyf[k,A 5

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(x) xqIrpj us vkdj rkR;k osQ fo"k; esa D;k crk;k\

2- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k ls loZuke 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

([k) ljdkj fdl tkyh ohj dks igpku u ldh Fkh\

(?k) ekuflag us rkR;k dk mRlkg oSQls c<+k;k\

(Ä) rkR;k us laU;klh os"k /kj.k djus dh izfrKk D;ksa yh\

([k) laU;klh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) izyksHku µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ikfjrksf"kd µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ekxZ&iz'kLr µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

([k) gquj µ --------------------- ---------------------

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 & 5 ¾ 10

([k) fe”kks yksxksa osQ izkjafHkd bfrgkl dk o.kZu dhft,A

(x) fe”kks dchys dh mitkfr;ksa rFkk mudh os'kHkw"kk dk o.kZu dhft,A

(?k) fe”kksje dh u`R;dyk dk o.kZu dhft,A

(Ä) fe”kksje dk fodkl vfèkd D;ksa ugha gks ik;k gS\

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lgh vFkZ ij xksyk yxkb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

1- fuEufyf[kr milxks± dks tksM+dj nks&nks u, 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

2- fuEufyf[kr izR;;ksa dks tksM+dj nks&nks u, 'kCn cukb,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ ekud :i fyf[k,µ 1 & 5 ¾ 5

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ cgqopu :i fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

([k) >juk vkxs c<+rk tkrk gSA -----------------------------------

(x) ml fnu ekuo ej tk,xkA -----------------------------------

(?k) thou pyrk gh jgrk gSA -----------------------------------

(Ä) rqe ihNs eqM+dj er ns[kksA -----------------------------------

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(x) >jus dks fdldh /qu yxh gS\

(?k) dfo osQ vuqlkj ;kSou D;k dgrk gS\