OREGANO (ORIGANUM VULGARE) LEAVES EXTRACT AS ANTI-BACTERIAL AGAINST

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

Myrryle Algen L. Agnes

Kyzel Jane L. Penpillo

Ellen Grace D. Padios

 Chapter 1

Introduction to the Study

Background of the Study

Oregano is used medicinally for thousands of years. In the ancient Greek and Roman

empires, the leaves were applied topically to treat conditions like skin sores, ease muscle pain,

and act as an antiseptic.

Traditional treatments have utilized oregano to treat conditions like asthma, cramps,

diarrhea, and indigestion. Greeks continue to utilize an oregano infusion as a traditional

treatment for stomachaches, colds, and other ailments. Although the ability to fight off human

illnesses has not been thoroughly researched, oregano extracts and individual constituents have

repeatedly shown antimicrobial activities in vitro against food-borne pathogens. Oregano also

has a number of strong antioxidants, which may help explain why preliminary studies have

shown that oregano has advantages for the nervous and cardiovascular systems, reduces

inflammation symptoms, and regulates blood sugar and lipids.

Oregano is a rich source of bioactive compounds that have been pharmacologically tested

for treating a variety of infectious disorders and exhibit hepatoprotective, carminative,

spasmolytic, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer activities.

Streptococcus pneumoniae are lancet-shaped, gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria

with more than 100 known serotypes. Most S. pneumoniae serotypes can cause disease, but

only a minority of serotypes produce the majority of pneumococcal infections.

Streptococcus pneumoniae as a complex relationship with its obligate human host, they

can cause severe disease when bacterial and host factors allow them to invade essentially
sterile sites, such as the middle ear spaces, lungs, bloodstream and meninges. Transmission,

colonization and invasion depend on the remarkable ability of S. pneumoniae to evade or take

advantage of the host inflammatory and immune respons

On the other hand the oregano leaves extract maybe can help to against the streptococcus

Pneumoniae.

Research Paradigm

Independent variables Dependent variables

Azithromycin(control)

Mortality according to its zone of

100% Oregano leaves extract
inhibition

75% Oregano leaves extract 25%

ethanol

Statement of the Problems

This study aims to determine the antibacterial of Oregano leaves extract against

Streptococcus Pneumoniae.

1) What is the antibacterial property of Oregano leaves extract according to its zone of

inhibition?

a. Azithromycin (control)

b. 100% Oregano Leaves Extract

c. 75% Oregano Leaves Extract and 25% Ethanol

2) Is there a significant difference in the antibacterial activity of Oregano leaves extract

according to its zone of inhibition?

a. Azithromycin (control)

b. 100% Oregano Leaves Extract

c. 75% Oregano Leaves Extract and 25% Ethanol

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the antibacterial effect of the Oregano (Origanum Vulgare)

leaves extract on Streptococcus Pneumoniae in aqueous solution

Definition of terms

Oregano refer a bushy perrenial mint (Origanum Vulgare) with leaves that are used as a

seasoning and a source of aromatic oil (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

In this study, oregano refer to the leaves of a plant which is source of extraction.

Extract refer to removing something by pulling or cutting or to getting information from

someone who does not want to give it (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

In this study, Extract refer to concentrated juice of oregano leaves obtained by pounding,

and squeezing.

Antibacterial refer directed or effective against bacteria (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

In this study, antibacterial refer to the concentration of oregano leaves extract.

Streptococcus Pneumoniae is a gram-positive, catalase-negative organism commonly

referred to as pneumococcus (Dion,2022).

In this study, streptococcus pneumonia refers to a test organism.

Concentration refer an academic major or area of focus within a major (Merriam-Webster,

2023).

In this study, concentration refer to the amount of oregano leaves extracts mix with
ethanol.

Significance of the Study

This research study can give the people ideas explore the other medicinal uses of

Oregano plant and the effectiveness of oregano leaves extracts to the microbes. It will make

people with the illness of the bacteria, especially babies and toddlers a natural herbal medicine

against pneumonia. To the general public, this study the antibacterial effect of Oregano leaves

extracts against streptococcus Pneumoniae may give them an alternative and natural herbal

medicine against pneumonia.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study is entitled "Oregano leaves extract as antibacterial against Streptococcus

Pneumoniae".The Oregano leaves were taken from Brgy. Maribuyong, Duenas, Iloilo. The

research determines the mortality rate of Streptococcus Pneumoniae from the extracted

Oregano leaves. Oregano leaves were used since Oregano is invasive everywhere and because

of the property of the extract.

 This study will be conducted at West Visayas State University Laboratory, Lapaz, Iloilo City

this September 2023. The study will involve series of testing. The study will not be using a

person as a respondent but only the bacteria. This study is limited only to the acceptability of

Oregano (Origanum Vulgare) leaves extract against Streptoccocus Pneumoniae. This study is

limited only to the acceptability of Oregano (Origanum Vulgare) leaves extract against

Streptoccocus Pneumoniae.