CONTEND

1. INTRODUCTION
2. HYDRAULIC BRIDGE
3. WORKING ON HYDRAULIC BRIDGE
4. TYPES OF HYDRAULIC BRIDGE
5. ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC BRIDGE
6. DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC BRIDGE
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCES
 Mini Project On "Hydraulic Bridge".
INTRODUCTION
Hydraulics is a type of technology and is applied in science using engineering,
Chemistry and others involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids.
At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid counterpart of pneumatic, which
concems gases. Basically hydraulics formed by the foundation from the topic
fluid mechanics, which focuses on the applied engineering using the
properties of fluids

HYDRAULIC BRIDGE
The hydraulic bridge incorporates an integrated hydraulic system into the
bridge to carry more weight and is a new concept in bridge design.
For arch-based bridges in which the main forces are directed in a horizontal
sideways direction, this system is most suitable and the hydraulic system is
integrated into the prominent load-bearing members of the bridge and can be
minimally controlled by computers.

For non-electronic autonomic self-adjustment, the system has the possibility

which entails low maintenance cost and reduced safety risk, and the hydraulic
bridge has two main functions such as when it raises the boats to pass
beneath it and cross it.
The movement of the bridge is based on simple pulleys and these pulleys
allow raising the bridge 90 degrees and then rejoining the bridge. The
hydraulic bridge is a type of movable bridge to allow maritime traffic through a
body of water that can be raised with the help of mechanical installation.
or the need of the merchantman, a hydraulic bridge was created as they
needed a bridge with a double function such as to facilitate the passage of
boats down a river and for a ship to pass under it and permit the move
terrestrially without the bridge being too high.
WORKING ON HYDRAULIC BRIDGE:-

The topics of hydraulic range startd with some parts of science and most of
them with engineering modules, and cover most of the concept those includes
the pipe flow dam design, fluids and fluid control circuitry, pumps. Free
surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with free surface flow,
such as occurring in river, canals,lakes, estuaries and seas. Its sub- field open
channel flows studies the flow in open channels.
The principle behind hydraulic bridge working is Pascal’s law and for
operations, this bridge uses petroleum-based hydraulic fluids. For powering
the bridge with hydraulics, hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders are two
important components used and the amount of gearing required is dependent
on the type of hydraulic motor for a bridge operation.
Depending on the construction, the hydraulic cylinders can be divided into tie
rods and welded and for providing longevity for the bridge, the welded
hydraulic cylinder is suitable.

To carry varying loads and hold the bridge firmly in any position,
counterbalance valves used in the structure will help in this and by the
proportional valve used, smooth and accurate acceleration and deceleration
are provided.
TYPES OF HYDRAULIC BRIDGE:
There are three main types of the hydraulic bridge as given below;

1. Bascule Bridge
2. Vertical Lifting Bridge
3. Swing Bridge

BASCULE BRIDGE:
This type of bridge is fixed and supported on an axis that is perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis of the bridge and the horizontal axis is located at the
centre of gravity on which the bridge is hinged. So, between the weights of the
bridge on either side, a balance is created.
Bascule bridges are classified into two major types such as Single Leaf
Bascule Bridge and Double Leaf Bascule Bridge and depending on the
situation, there are also other types like triple and quadruple bascule bridges.
As ‘leaf’ is the part of the bridge which opens the water traffic and pivots
concerning the horizontal axis.
There are the following advantages of bascule bridges such as;

1. It is structurally sound.
2. It is reliable.
3. Construction and operations are economical in this bridge.

VERTICAL LIFTING BRIDGE:

A vertical lifting bridge is the most common type which is constructed and
consists of a span of a common type of truss and at the end of the span,
supported by towers. Generally, the weight of this span is counterbalanced
and by making the span move in the vertical direction, the waterway is
opened.

It is called a span drive vertical lift bridge if the machinery which is responsible
for the up and down movement of the span is fixed on the span itself and it is
called a towering drive vertical lift bridge if that machinery is set on the towers.
These bridges can be used for locations where long spans are required and
are substantially stable.
SWING BRIDGE:
Swing-bridge is fixed on the horizontal plane that turns around the vertical axis
to give way for the water traffic and the bearing is installed on a pivotal pier
which is a normal pier. The ends of the span of this bridge rest on the
abutments when the water traffic is closed.

The end span should be free and is only supported by the pivotal pier when
the water traffic has to be opened. So, to lift the end of the swing span
machinery is used and the swing bridge moves horizontally around the vertical
axis.
The swing bridge should be supported both horizontally and vertically to be
able to carry the traffic and prevent overstressing. The span of the swing
bridge can be either a plate girder or truss but more economical is a plate
girder.
ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC BRIDGE:
There are the following advantages of a hydraulic bridge such as;

1. Provides smooth and accurate acceleration and deceleration.

2. It has safe and easy operations.
3. It can carry varying loads.
4. Behind hydraulic bridge working, Pascal’s law is the principle.
5. The operator of a hydraulic system can easily start, stop speed up and
slow down by using simple levers and push buttons.
6. Positive locking in any condition is another advantage of this bridge.

DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC BRIDGE:

As a consequence of the vertical hydraulic column being required to be

located in the centre of the arch, there are intrinsic complications. For
example, to install the hydraulic pipe connections would require tunnelling
either underground or to lay the pipes over ground; this entails placing
construction workers in hostile environments and they have to be
specialised workers. This requires extensive training which can affect the
building project economically.

Vertical column type hydraulic bridges may never be used in arch bridges
required to span gaps which are very high in the context of the altitude of
the locale. Without solid ground for the column to rest on, the action of the
hydraulic will cause deflection and eventual failure. However there are
methods to overcome this problem.

Possible hydraulic failure at the three main points can be caused by very
high forces and pressures due to excessive loading on the main bridge.
The high

CONCLUSION

After completing the project, conclude that our project is simple in

construction and compact in size for use. Manufacturing of HYDRAULIC
BRIDGE is easy and cost of the die is less.

REFERENCES

1) Atayee, A. Tamin, “Study of Riprap as Scour Protection for Spill Through Abutment,”
presented at the 72nd Annual TRB meeting in Washington DC, January, 1993.
2) Atayee, A. Tamin, Pagán-Ortiz, Jorge E., Jones, J.S., and Kilgore, R.T., 1993, “A Study of
Riprap as a Scour Protection for Spill Through Abutments,” ASCE Hydraulic Conference,
San Francisco, CA.
3) Barkdoll, B. D., Ettema, R., and Melville, B. W., 2007, “Countermeasures to Protect
Bridge Abutments from Scour,” NCHRP Report 587, Transportation Research Board,
National Academies of Science, Washington DC.
4) Lagasse, P. F., Clopper, P. E., Zevenbergen, L. W., and Ruff, J. F., 2006, “Riprap Design
Criteria, Recommended Specifications and Quality Control,” NCHRP Report 568,
Transportation Research Board, Academies of Science, Washington DC. South Dakota
Drainage Manual Bridge Hydraulics 14-95
5) Melville, B. W., van Ballegooy, S., Coleman, S., and Barkdoll, B., 2007, “Riprap Size
Selection at Wing-Wall Abutments,” Technical Note, ASCE, Journal of Hydraulic
Engineering, Vol. 133, No. 11, November.
6) Melville, B. W., van Ballegooy, S., Coleman, S., and Barkdoll, B., 2006, “Countermeasure
Toe Protection at Spill Through Abutments,” ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol.
132, No. 3.
7) Pagán-Ortiz, Jorge E., 1991, “Stability of Rock Riprap for Protection at the Toe of
Abutments Located at the Floodplain,” FHWA Research Report No. FHWA-RD91-057,
US Department of Transportation, Washington DC.