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Lecture Outline05 Zhu
Lecture Outline05 Zhu
Lecture Outline05 Zhu
b) cGMP
Formation: Receptor guanylyl cyclase
Soluble guanylyl cyclase: GTP cGMP + PPi
Removal: Phosphodiesterase: cGMP + H2O GMP
Targets: Protein kinase G; cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases; CNG channels.
c) cADP-ribose
Formation: ADP-ribosyl cyclase: β-NAD+ cADP-ribose + nicotinamide
Removal: cADP hydrolase:
Targets: Ryanodine receptor
e) ADP-ribose
Formation: ADP-ribosyltransferase: NAD ADP-ribose + nicotinamide
cADP-ribose hydrolase
Removal: ADPR pyrophosphatase: ADPR AMP + ribose 5’-phosphate
Target: ion channel (TRPM2)
Formation: PI cycle
Phospholipase C: PIP2 DAG + IP3
PI-3 kinase: PIP2 + ATP PIP3
Removal: DAG: DAG lipase, DAG kinase
IP3: IP3 kinases, IP3 phosphatases
PIP3: phosphatases PTEN and SHIP
B. ELECTRICAL SIGNALING
1. Origin of Resting Membrane Potentials
For all living cells, there is a charge difference across the plasma membrane: the inside is more
negative than the outside
The membrane potential arises from the different ion concentration in the intracellular and
extracellular fluids and the selective permeability of the plasma membrane to different ions.
Anions: CI- is outside while negatively charged proteins and amino acids are inside.
Cations: Na+ is outside while K+ is inside.
K+ Diffusion Potential
Na+ Diffusion Potential
Na+/K+-ATPase
C. REFERENCES:
Molecular Biology of the Cell by Alberts et al., 1994
Fundamental Neuroscience by Zigmond et al., 1999
D. DISCUSSION PAPER
Yamasaki M, Masgrau R, Morgan AJ, Churchill GC, Patel S, Ashcroft SJ, Galione A. (2004)
Organelle selection determines agonist-specific Ca2+ signals in pancreatic acinar and beta cells. J.
Biol. Chem. 279, 7234-7240.