Electronic Circuits (DKT214) 2020/2021 Experiment 1

EXPERIMENT 1
Introduction to Operational Amplifier

1. OBJECTIVE:
1.1 To demonstrate an inverting operational amplifier circuit using LTSpice
1.2 To demonstrate a non-inverting operational amplifier circuit using LTSpice

1.3 To investigate the operational amplifier voltage follower using LTSpice

2. SOFTWARE:
LTSpice Simulation Software

3. PROCEDURE:
*Please watch the Youtube videos provided in Google Classroom before
performing the LTSpice experiments*
3.1 Inverting op-amp:

1. In LTSpice software, open New Schematic file and connect the circuit as
shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1: Inverting Amplifier circuit

2. To place an op-amp, click on the “Component” icon, search for

“UniversalOpamp2”, click “OK” and place it in the schematic window

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(Refer video: LTSpice – Placing an op-amp”).

3. To connect the DC voltages to the op-amp (V+ and V-), click on the
“Component” icon, search for “Voltage”, click “OK” and place them in the
schematic window. Right click on the component, enter the “DC Value[V]”
of 15V and -15V (Refer video: LTSpice – Placing an op-amp”).
4. Click the “Resistor” icon to place the resistors. Change the value of the
resistors by right clicking on the component and enter the value inside the
“Resistance[Ω]” box.
5. To place the input voltage source (V1), click on the “Component” icon,
search for “Voltage”, click “OK” and place it in the schematic window.
Right click on the component, click “Advanced” and change the values as
shown below:

6. Label Vin, Vout, V+ and V- by using the “Label Net’ icon (Refer video:
“LTSpice - How to run the simulation”).
7. Place grounds accordingly by clicking the “Ground” icon.
8. Connect the components with wire by clicking the “Wire” icon.
9. Click “Run” icon. In the “Transient” tab, enter the following simulation
conditions for transient analysis and click “OK” (Refer video: “LTSpice -
How to run the simulation”).

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10. Measure and record the value of output voltage, Vout in TABLE 1 (Refer
video: “LTSpice - How measure the voltage”).
11. Change the value of feedback resistor, R2 according to TABLE 1.
Repeat Step 10.

3.2 Non-inverting op-amp:

1. Repeat all procedures in Section 3.1 but using the circuit as shown in
Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2: Non-Inverting Amplifier Circuit

2. Measure and record the value of output voltage, Vout in TABLE 2

(Refer video: “LTSpice - How measure the voltage”).
3. Change the value of feedback resistor, R2 according to TABLE 2.

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3.3 Voltage follower:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3: Voltage follower

2. For input voltage source V1, right click on the component, click
“Advanced” and change the values as shown below:

3. Measure the output voltage Vout. Record the result in TABLE 3.

4. Record the waveform of Vin and Vout in the result.

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4. RESULT:

TABLE 1
*Vin(peak) = 200mV
R2 (ohms) Vout (peak)(volts) Av= Vout /Vin
Av = - R2 / R1
(pre-calculate)

300 60mV 0.3 -0.3

4k 800mV 4 -4
6k 1.2V 6 -6
140 k 15V 75 -140

TABLE 2

*Vin(peak) = 200mV
R2 (ohms) Vout (peak)(volts) Av =Vout / Vin Av = 1 + R2 / R1
(pre-calculate)

300 260mV 1.3 1.3

4k 1.0V 5 5
6k 1.4V 7 7
140 k 15V 75 141

TABLE 3
*Vin(peak) = 10V
Vout (peak)(volts)
Av = Vout / Vin

10V 10V / 10V = 1

Waveform for Voltage follower:

 Electronic Circuits (DKT214) 2020/2021 Experiment 1

5. QUESTION:

1. Compare the measured values of the voltage gain of each R2 in Table 1 and
Table 2 with the theoretical voltage gain. Does increasing the value of RF
have any significant effect upon the voltage gain of the circuit?

• For inverting the op amp circuit , the value of voltage gain on theoretical is the
opposite value of the voltage gain on circuit because it is an inverting op amp .
The value of voltage gain in the non inverting op amp circuit is the same with the
voltage gain of the theoretical until the R2 or the Rf becomes much larger ( 140k
ohms ) , the value becomes different from theoretical voltage gain .

2. State the reason why voltage follower is useful in circuit application.

• The voltage follower does not disturbing the original circuit, and give the same
voltage signal as output. When the load or the resistance is high , the current will
be low so it does load down the power source by the law of I = V/R.

7. CONCLUSION:

Based on your experiment, make conclusion by observing the input and output
waveforms and voltage gain for each circuit.

• The input and output have the same value when the line touch between 1 to
10,but when the line touch 0 to -10, the value of the input and output shows
different values. The output of the voltage will be constant at 0V until the input
signal touches back the value of 0V and will follow back the waveform or value of
input signal and the process repeated.