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Anne Eadie, Gretel Lampe & Tracy Howie

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Grade 8 Mathematics 2-in-1 CAPS
TEST & EXAM PREPARATION

The Answer Series Grade 8 Maths 2-in-1 study guide walks you through the fundamentals of critical concepts such as algebra and
geometry, helping you to build a thorough understanding of every topic. With this strong foundation, your logic and mathematical
reasoning will develop profoundly.

This 2-in-1 publication includes:

• Topic-based graded questions and full answers – to develop a step-by-step, thorough understanding of theory, techniques and
concepts in every topic.
• Exam papers with full, detailed solutions.

Key features:
• Step by step, methodical approach
• Comprehensive answers, explanations and advice boxes
• Exam Papers with detailed memos – to put theory into practice and reinforce concepts in an exam format.

This Grade 8 Maths study guide is highly beneficial for learners of all levels and builds a strong base for future
mathematical development.
 8
GRADE

Mathematics
CAPS Anne Eadie, Gretel Lampe & Tracy Howie

2-in-1

THIS STUDY GUIDE INCLUDES

Also available

GRADE 8 1 Questions in Topics

MATHS COMPANION
Workbook 1: Terms 1 & 2
Workbook 2: Terms 3 & 4
2 Examination Papers
& Answer book
Detailed solutions are provided for both sections

E-book
available

2015 publication | 2021 edition | ISBN: 978-1-920686-66-6 010921 | TAS

 CONTENTS
TOPIC-BASED QUESTIONS TERM 3 Questions Answers

CONTENT
TERM 1 Questions Answers AREA 13 Common Fractions 45 A55

CONTENT
1 Whole Numbers 1 A1 14 Decimal Fractions & Percentages 47 A60
AREA
CONTENT
2 Integers 13 A17 AREA
15 The Theorem of Pythagoras 49 A63

3 Exponents 16 A21 16 Area & Perimeter of 2D Shapes 51 A65

CONTENT
4 Numeric & Geometric Patterns 19 A25 17 Volume & Total Surface Area of
AREA
3D Objects 54 A69
5 Functions & Relationships (Part 1) 21 A27 CONTENT
AREA 18 Data Handling 57 A72
6 Algebraic Expressions (Part 1) 23 A29

7 Algebraic Equations (Introduction) 25 A32

TERM 4
CONTENT
19 Functions & Relationships (Part 2) 66 A81
TERM 2 AREA

CONTENT 20 Algebraic Equations (Part 2) 68 A84

AREA 8 Algebraic Expressions (Part 2) 26 A33
21 Graphs 69 A87
9 Algebraic Equations (Part 1) 29 A36
CONTENT
CONTENT 22 Transformation Geometry 75 A91
AREA 10 Construction of Geometric Figures 30 A38 AREA

23 Geometry of 3D Objects 78 A94

11 Geometry of 2D Shapes 35 A47
CONTENT
24 Probability 81 A95
12 Geometry of Straight Lines 41 A52 AREA

Exam Papers . . . Page E1

Exam Memos . . . Page M1
 2
TERM 2: QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS

8 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS 1.8 The difference between an unknown number 2.6 The amount a customer will pay for 5 pairs
squared and twice that same number. (2) of jeans that cost x Rand each, with a
(Part 2) discount of R10 per pair. (2)
1.9 The difference between an unknown number
and 7 is divided by the square root of the 2.7 The amount paid per banana if R20 was paid
same unknown number. (2) for a bag of 10 bananas. (2)
Sum  + . . . Add
Difference  − . . . Subtract 1.10 The product of an unknown number and y, 2.8 The amount paid per apple if p rand is paid
decreased by 15. (2) for a bag of q apples. (2)
Product  x . . . Multiply
Quotient  ÷ . . . Divide Months & Years
2. Give expressions for the following and simplify
where possible: 2.9 The number of months in 8 years and
5 months. (2)
Algebraic Language Time (Seconds, Minutes, Hours) 2.10 The number of months in t years and
2.1 The number of minutes in 3 hours and p months. (2)
Exercise 8.1 Answers on p. A33 20 minutes. (2)
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS (Part 2): Ex 8.1

Age
1. Write algebraic expressions 2.2 The number of seconds in p minutes and
Algebraic expressions 2.11 A husband is 4 years older than his wife
for the following statements, can be used to translate 16 seconds. (2)
making the unknown who is 45 years old. (2)
word problems into
number x. Mathematics. C = Price % Number 2.12 A father is 28 years older than his son who
Cost is x years old. (2)
1.1 The sum of an unknown number and 7. (1) C P =
Number
P N 2.13 A boy's sister is double his age. If he is
1.2 The product of an unknown number N =
Cost 4 years old, how old is his sister? (2)
and 3. (1) Price
2.14 A boy is double the age of his brother
1.3 The difference between a certain number Cost who is x years old. (2)
and 8. (1) 2.3 The amount a customer will pay for 4 shirts
2.15 The age of a person 5 years ago who is
1.4 Two more than double a number. (2) that cost R80 each. (2)
r years old now. (2)
1.5 The quotient of an unknown number and 5 2.4 The amount a customer will pay for 2 pairs 2.16 A girl is twice as old as her brother. He is
is squared. (2) of jeans that cost m rands each with x years old.
1.6 The sum of an unknown number and 5, a discount of n rands per pair. (2)
Write down:
is multiplied by 2. (2) (a) the girl’s age
2.5 The amount a customer will pay for
1.7 Double the sum of an unknown number an item that costs R100 and has (b) the age of her brother 5 years ago
8 and y. (2) a discount of R20 per item. (2) (c) the girl’s age 5 years ago (3)
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 D = Speed % Time Simplifying Algebraic Consolidation of Algebraic Expressions 2
Distance Expressions

QUESTIONS
D S = Exercise 8.3 Answers on p. A34
Time
S T
Distance Simplify the following:
T =
Speed Exercise 8.2 Answers on p. A33
1. 3%a%b (1)
1. If A = 3x2 + 5x – 2 ; B = –2x – x2 + 7 ; C = –5 + 2x2 + x
Speed, Distance, Time determine the following: 2. 5p % – 3q (1)
2.17 The distance a car travels in 1,5 hours if 3. –(–3x) (– 2x) (2)
1.1 A + C 1.2 C–B (3)(4)
it travels at 100 km/h. (2)
1.3 the product of A and –2 (3) 4. x 7 . x . x2 (2)
2.18 The distance a car travels in x hours if it
travels at y km/h. (2)
2. Consider the following expressions: 5. 7y3 z4 % 3y3 z (2)
2.19 The speed a car is travelling if it goes m km A: 3x2 – 2 + 4x
6. (4m8 ) 2 ÷ 8m10 (3)

ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS (Part 2): Ex 8.1/Ex 8.2/ Ex 8.3

in n hours. (2) 2 2
B: 2x – 6x + 5x
2.20 How long will it take a car to travel s km if 7. 4 x5 y4 ÷ (– 2xy 3 ) (3)
C: 4 – 2x2 + 3x
it travels at v km/h. (2)
2.1 Determine the value of A + B + C (4) 8. (a % a % a) 2 – 2(a % a)3 (3)
Rate 2.2 Determine –3A (3) 9. [ –(2pq)2 ] 3 (3)
2.21 The amount of money earned if you are
paid R20 an hour and you work for 6 hours. (2) 3.1 Subtract 3x2 – 2x – 7 from 4x2 – 2x – 6. (3) 10. (–2x 2 ) 3 ÷ 2 (3)
2.22 The amount of money earned if you are paid 11. 3 % (a + b) (2)
Rx an hour and you work for y hours. (2) 3.2 From 5 – 7y + y2 , subtract 11 + 7y – 5y2. (3)
12. 3x(x + 5) (2)
2.23 It takes one person 12 days to build a wall. 4. Determine the following:
How many days will it take 2 people to 13. –4x(x + 2y) (2)
build the same wall? (2) 4.1 Divide 8x5y4 – 12x2y3 + 24x4y5 by – 4x2y3 (3)
14. 2p2 – 3pq + 2qp – 2p (2)
2.24 (a) A typist can type a document in 5 hours. 4.2 Multiply 3x2y – 2xy2 by –x3y (2)
How long will it take 2 typists to type 15. –7c – (–5c) (3)
4.3 Divide –16a3b2 + 24ab – 8b3 by –8ab (3)
the same document? (1)
4.4 If A = (2x – y), B = 2 and C = (x + 3y), 16. 7 – m % 3 + 7m (3)
(b) A typist can type a document in x hours. find and simplify AB – C. (4) 17. 5a – 4(a + 1) (2)
Write an expression for the time it would
take 3 typists to type the same document. (1) 5. Given P = 3m2 – mn and Q = m2 – 2mn, find 18. 2ab + 2a(b + 3) (2)

5.1 P – 3Q in terms of m and n. (3) 19. 5(3m – 4n + 1) (3)

5.2 x, if x = 3(P – 3Q) and m = –1 and n = 2. (5) 20. –3mn(m3 – m2 n + n5) (3) 8
27 Copyright © The Answer Series: Photocopying of this material is illegal
 2 21. 3x 2 y(2xy 3 – 5xy 2 + xy) (3) A fun puzzle Answers on p. A35 1 8 9

Read the questions and complete the crossword puzzle.

QUESTIONS

22. +2a 2 bc 3 (2ab 2 c + 2 2 a 2 bc 2 – 2 3 abc) (3) 12 2

Across
23. (14x3 – 21x) ÷ 7x (3)
3
1. 2(x + y) = 2x + 2y shows the ______ law.
24. 5 – 2(x + y) – (2y – 2x) (3)
2. In an algebraic expression x is called a ______ . 4 10

25. –3(2y – 3x) – 2(x + y) (3)

3. { 4; 6 ; 8; 9 ; 10; 12 ; 14; 15 } are ______
26. –2(y – x)(–2) – (x – 3) – y (3) numbers from 1 to 15.
5 11

4. An algebraic expression with three terms is 6

27. 4ab2 – 3b2 a + 2a % (–3b) b – 2a (3)
a ______ .
15p − 10q + 5pq
28. (3) 5. A number into which only one and itself can
7
5
divide is a ______ number.
28m − 20mn
29. (3)
4 a
6. A number which can be written in the form
2 3 b
5a b − ab where a and b are integers, is a ______ number.
30. (3)
ab
15a − 21 5+2×6
31. (3) 7. is ______ .
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS (Part 2): Ex 8.3

− 3a 0

y2 + y − 7y − 18y3 + 11y2
32. (4) Down
6y NOTES
33. x 2 % x 0 + 2x – 2x2 (2) 1. The number you divide by to get a quotient is the
______ .
34. (–48t4 s – 12t2 s5) ÷ (12ts) (3)
8. Q ∪ Q ′ = the set of ______ numbers.
(2 + 3)(x2 + 3)
35. (3) Q = set of rational numbers
15
Q′ = set of irrational numbers
36. [(7y % x)2 + 7x2 y2 ] ÷ 4xy2 (4)

9. Any fractions which are not equivalent fractions

37. 49 x22 y16 (2)
are ______ .

38. 25x2 − 9x2 ÷ 4x (3) 10.

1
is the multiplicative ______ of 5.
5
3
39. (8d3 )2 – 3d(d + 2) (4)
11. 0 is the ______ element for addition.
12 x % 0
8 40. (2) 12. {1; 2; 3; 6} are the ______ of 6.
3
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16 AREA & PERIMETER OF 2D SHAPES: FORMULAE 3
SI Units & Conversions

QUESTIONS
Perimeter (P) Area (A) Small unit  big unit: ÷
2D Shapes The sum of the outer boundary The surface enclosed by the Big unit  small unit: %
lengths of a 2D shape. boundary lengths of a 2D shape.
Perimeter
divide
Square Perimeter = 4 % side Area = side % side
â P = 4s = (side)2 ÷ 1 000 ÷ 100 ÷ 10
s = side s
â A = s2
km hm dam m dm cm mm

Rectangle Perimeter Area % 1 000 % 100 % 10

= (2 % length) + (2 % breadth) = length % breadth multiply
ℓ = length b

AREA & PERIMETER OF 2D SHAPES: FORMULAE

b = breadth â P = 2ℓ + 2b â A = ℓ%b
ℓ
= 2(ℓ + b)
Area divide

Triangle Perimeter Area = 1 base % ⊥h

2 ÷ (1 000)2 ÷ (100)2 ÷ (10)2
= side 1 + base + side 2
a = side1 â A = 1 b % ⊥h
2 km2 hm2 dam2 m2 dm2 cm2 mm2
a b â P = a+b+c
b = base
h base × height
OR Area =
c = side2 2 % (1 000)2 % (100)2 % (10)2
c bxh
h = ⊥ height â A = multiply
2

Circle Circumference = 2 % π % radius Area = π % (radius)2 Since the area is the product of 2D lengths,
r OR = π % diameter we need to % or ÷ by the (conversion factor) 2 .
r = radius â A = r2
d = diameter = 2r (where π = 22 or 3,14)
7
â C = 2 r In calculations, always check
OR C = d that the units are the same.
16
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 3 3. Calculate the perimeter and area of the following 4. The school decides to build a new swimming pool.
shapes : If a swimming pool costs R2 100/m2, how much
Area & Perimeter
QUESTIONS

First calculate will it cost the school to build the swimming pool?
3.1 in the given
Exercise 16.1 Answers on p. A65 18 cm unit (e.g. cm) 6m
and only convert
1. Find the area and perimeter of the following shapes: to the asked
units (e.g. mm2)
1.1 1.2 in your 4m
40 mm final answer.

15 mm 5 cm 5 cm 9m (8)
10 cm

(4)(4) Give your answers in mm and mm2. (10)

1.3 1.4 5. Determine the area of the

12 cm shaded region if the radius
A C 3.2 Kite JKLM has the following
of the circle is 9 cm.
6m 5 cm dimensions:
K 38 cm
Give your answer
 JK = 2 cm r
B in mm2.
(4)(6)  LM = 3,5 cm J L
AREA & PERIMETER OF 2D SHAPES: Ex 16.1

P
1.5 (7)
 KM = 3 cm 25 cm
36° M
 JL = 4,5 cm (8)

7 cm 6. Calculate the area of the shaded parts in the

(8) shapes below:
3.3
2. The following two pictures both have a frame with 6.1 6.2
25 mm
a width of 2 cm:
A: B: 40 mm 4m
20,5 cm 13 cm 140 mm
Give your answer in
cm and cm2. (12)
14 cm 4m
18 cm 6.3

12 m
13 m
2.1 Which frame has the smallest perimeter? (4)
5m (18)
16 2.2 Which picture has the largest area? (6)
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 Solving problems using
5. The diagram below shows three circles, each 7. The Yin-Yang symbol below is made up of a black 3
with a diameter of 12 cm. and a white section. The black teardrop shape

QUESTIONS
Area and Perimeter is given as a sketch with dimensions.
Each vertex of the triangle
is at the centre of Determine the perimeter of this teardrop shape.
Exercise 16.2 Answers on p. A67 a circle. Round the answer off to two decimal places.
3x
1. The area of the rectangle
alongside is 48 cm2.
x 20 mm
Determine the value of x. 20 mm
(4)
What is the perimeter of the triangle? (4)
(8)
2. 2x + 3
8. The diagram alongside 1x+2
6. Given quadrilateral PQRS: 2
4 represents a rectangle.
Q The perimeter of the
rectangle is 37 cm. 5x

Find algebraic expressions for: T 1 The length and breadth

P R
are given in the diagram.

AREA & PERIMETER OF 2D SHAPES: Ex 16.2

2.1 The area of the rectangle. (3)
What is the value of x in the diagram? (6)
2.2 The perimeter of the rectangle. (3)
S 9. The radius of a car's wheel is 42 cm.
2.3 If the area of the rectangle is 60 cm2,
find the value of x. (4) What distance, in kilometres, has the car travelled
Refer to p. 37 (Q1.7)
to refresh your memory! after 2 000 revolutions of the wheel ? (7)
3. If the area of a Compact Disc (CD)
10. E
is 10 568 mm2, calculate the 6.1 Name the quadrilateral PQRS, giving a
radius of the CD. (Ignore the reason for your answer. (2) F
hole in the middle.) (4)
6.2 Tˆ 1 = _____
Give a reason for your answer. (2)
4. A circular rotating water spray covers an area of
12 m2. How far away from the spray would you 6.3 If PT = 8 cm and QS = 12 cm, calculate
have to stand if you don't want to get wet? the length of PQ giving a reason. (6) H
Round off your answer to the nearest metre. (6) G
6.4 Now, if TR = 2PT, calculate the perimeter
of PQRS to the closest cm. (4) EF = 2EH (EF is twice the length of EH)

6.5 Calculate the area of quadrilateral PQRS. (5) If the perimeter of EFGH is 30 cm, calculate the
length of FG. (Let EH be x) (6) 16
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 2
TERM 2: ANSWERS

ANSWERS
Cost Speed, Distance, Time
8 ALGEBRAIC 2.3 amount = 4 % 80 2.17 Distance = 1,5 % 100 2.18 Distance = x % y
= R320
EXPRESSIONS (Part 2) = 150 km = xy km
2.4 2(m – n) m s
2.19 Speed = km/h 2.20 Time = hours
n v
2.5 amount = 100 – 20
Sum  + . . . Add = R80
Rate
Difference  − . . . Subtract 2.6 5(x – 10) Rand 2.21 amount earned = 20 % 6
Product  x . . . Multiply 20 = R120
2.7 amount per banana =
Quotient  ÷ . . . Divide 10 2.22 amount earned = x % y
= R2 per banana = Rxy
p
2.8 amount per apple = 2.23 1 % 12 = 12
q

ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS (Part 2): Ex 8.1/Ex 8.2

â 2 % 6 = 12
Algebraic Language
Months & Years It will take 2 people 6 days to build the same wall.
2.9 number of months = 8 % 12 + 5 [The more people, the less time needed.]
Exercise 8.1 Questions on p. 26
= 96 + 5 1 5
2.24 (a) 2 hours . . . 5 ÷ 2 or
1.1 x+7 1.2 x % 3 = 3x = 101 months 2 2
(b)
x hours
1.3 x–8 1.4 2x + 2 2.10 number of months = t % 12 + p = 12t + p 3

( 5x )
2
Age
1.5 1.6 (x + 5) % 2 = 2(x + 5)
2.11 husband's age = 45 + 4
2 = 49 years
Simplifying Algebraic
1.7 2(x + y) 1.8 x – 2x
Expressions
2.12 father's age = x + 28
x −7
1.9 1.10 x % y – 15 = xy – 15
x 2.13 sister's age = 2 % 4 Exercise 8.2 Questions on p. 27
= 8 years 1.1 A + C
Time (Seconds, Minutes, Hours) 2.14 boy's age = 2 % x = (3x2 + 5x – 2) + (–5 + 2x2 + x)
= 2x years = 3x2 + 5x – 2 – 5 + 2x2 + x
2.1 number of minutes = 3 % 60 + 20 60 seconds = 5x2 + 6x – 7
= 180 + 20 in a minute 2.15 age of person 5 years ago = (r – 5) years
= 200 minutes 1.2 C – B
60 minutes 2.16 (a) 2x years
in an hour = (–5 + 2x2 + x) – (– 2x – x2 + 7)
2.2 number of seconds = p % 60 + 16 (b) (x – 5) years
= –5 + 2x2 + x + 2x + x2 – 7
= (60p + 16) seconds (c) (2x – 5) years = 3x2 + 3x – 12 8
A33 Copyright © The Answer Series: Photocopying of this material is illegal
 2 1.3 A % –2 4.4 AB – C 11. 3 % (a + b) 12. 3x(x + 5)
= –2A = (2x – y) % 2 – (x + 3y) = 3a + 3b = 3x 2 + 15x
ANSWERS

= –2(3x2 + 5x – 2) = 2(2x – y) – (x + 3y)

= –6x2 – 10x + 4 = 4x – 2y – x – 3y 13. –4x(x + 2y)
= 3x – 5y = –4x 2 – 8xy

2.1 A + B + C 5.1 P – 3Q 14. 2p2 – 3pq + 2qp – 2p

= (3x2 – 2 + 4x) + (2x – 6x2 + 5x2) + (4 – 2x2 + 3x) 2
= (3m – mn) – 3(m – 2mn)2 commutative law:
= 2p2 – 3pq + 2pq – 2p ...
= 3x2 – 2 + 4x + 2x – 6x2 + 5x2 + 4 – 2x2 + 3x = 3m2 – mn – 3m2 + 6mn p%q = q%p
= 2p2 – pq – 2p
= 9x + 2 = 5mn

2.2 –3A = –3(3x2 – 2 + 4x) 5.2 x = 3(P – 3Q) 15. –7c – (–5c) 16. 7 – m % 3 + 7m
2
= –9x – 12x + 6 = 3(5mn) ... P – 3Q = 5mn from Q5.1 = –7c + 5c = 7 – 3m + 7m
= 15mn = –2c = 7 + 4m
= 15(– 1)(2) ... given m = – 1 and n = 2
= –30
3.1 4x2 – 2x – 6 3.2 y2 – 7y + 5 17. 5a – 4(a + 1) 18. 2ab + 2a(b + 3)
3x2 – 2x – 7 –5y2 + 7y + 11 = 5a – 4a – 4 = 2ab + 2ab + 6a
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS (Part 2): Ex 8.2/Ex 8.3

= a–4 = 4ab + 6a
x2 +1 6y2 – 14y – 6 Consolidation of Algebraic Expressions

Exercise 8.3 Questions on p. 27 19. 5(3m – 4n + 1)

5 4 2 3 4 5 = 15m – 20n + 5
8 x y − 12 x y + 24 x y 1. 3 % a % b = 3ab 2. 5p % – 3q = – 15pq
4.1
− 4 x 2y 3
3. –(–3x) (– 2x) = –6x 2 4. x 7 . x . x2 = x 7 + 1 + 2 20. –3mn(m3 – m2 n + n5)
8 x5y 4 − 12 x2y 3 24 x4 y 5
= 2 3
+ 2 3
+ = x 10
− 4x y − 4x y − 4 x 2y 3 = –3m 4 n + 3m3 n2 – 3mn6
= –2x3 y + 3 – 6x2 y2 5. 7y3 z4 % 3y3 z 6. (4m8 ) 2 ÷ 8m10
= 21y6 z5 16m16 21. 3x 2 y(2xy 3 – 5xy 2 + xy)
=
4.2 –x3 y(3x2 y – 2xy2) 8m10
= 6x 3 y 4 – 15x 3 y 3 + 3x 3 y 2
= 2m6
= –3x5 y2 + 2x4 y3
7. 4 x5 y4 ÷ (– 2xy 3 ) 8. (a % a % a) 2 – 2(a % a)3 22. +2a 2 bc 3 (2ab 2 c + 2 2 a 2 bc 2 – 2 3 abc)
3 2 3
− 16a b + 24ab − 8b 4 x5y 4 = (a3) 2 – 2(a2) 3
4.3 = = 4a 3 b 3 c 4 + 8a 4 b 2 c 5 – 16a 3 b 2 c 4
− 8ab
− 2 x y3 6
= a – 2a 6
− 16a3 b2 24ab − 8b3 = –2x 4y
= + + = –a6 14x3 − 21 x
− 8ab − 8ab − 8ab 23.
7x
b2 9. [ –(2pq)2 ] 3 10. (–2x 2 ) 3 ÷ 2 14 x3
= 2a2 b – 3 + a = –
21 x
2 2 3 6
= [ – (4p q )] − 8x 7x 7x
=
= –64p 6 q6 2
8 = 2x 2 – 3
= – 4x 6
Copyright © The Answer Series: Photocopying of this material is illegal A34
24. 5 – 2(x + y) – (2y – 2x)
32.
y2 + y − 7y − 18y 3 + 11y2 38. 25x2 − 9x2 ÷ 4x 2
= 5 – 2x – 2y – 2y + 2x 6y
16x2

ANSWERS
= 5 – 4y − 18y 3 + 12y2 − 6y =
= 4x
6y 4x
25. –3(2y – 3x) – 2(x + y) =
− 18y 3 12y2 6y 4x
= –6y + 9x – 2x – 2y = + – = 1
6y 6y 6y
= 7x – 8y
= –3y2 + 2y – 1
3
26. –2(y – x)(– 2) – (x – 3) – y 39. (8d3 )2 – 3d(d + 2)
= (–2)(– 2)(y – x) – (x – 3) – y =
3
64d 6 – 3d(d + 2)
33. x 2 % x 0 + 2x – 2x2
= 4(y – x) – (x – 3) – y
= x2 + 2x – 2x2 = 4d 2 – 3d 2 – 6d
= 4y – 4x – x + 3 – y
= 3y – 5x + 3 = – x2 + 2x = d 2 – 6d

12 x % 0
27. 4ab2 – 3b2 a + 2a % (–3b)b – 2a 40.
3
= 4ab2 – 3b2 a + 2ab(–3b) – 2a 34. (–48t4 s – 12t2 s5) ÷ (12ts)
0
=
= 4ab2 – 3ab2 – 6ab2 – 2a − 48t4s − 12t2 s5 3
=
= –5ab2 – 2a 12ts = 0
− 48t4s 12t2 s5
= –
15p − 10q + 5pq 12ts 12ts
28.
5 = – 4t3 – ts4 A fun puzzle Questions on p. 28
15p 10q 5pq

ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS (Part 2): Ex 8.3

= – +
5 5 5 1
D I S T 8
R I B 9
U T I V E
= 3p – 2q + pq 2
(2 + 3)(x + 3) I E N
35.
28m − 20mn 15 12
F 2
V A R I A B L E
29. 1 2
4 5 (x + 3) A I L Q
=
28m 20mn 15 3
= – 3
C O M P O S I T E U
4 4
x2 + 3 ⎛ x 2 ⎞ T O A
= 7m – 5mn = ⎜= + 1⎟
3 ⎝ 3 ⎠ O 4
T R 10
I N O M I A L
2 3 R N
5a b − ab
30.
ab S V
2 3 36. [(7y % x)2 + 7x2 y2 ] ÷ 4xy2
5a b ab 5
P R 11
I M E
= –
ab ab = (49x2 y2 + 7x2 y2 ) ÷ 4xy2 D 6
R A T I O N A L
= 5a – b2 56 x y2 2
E S
=
4 x y2 7
U N D E F I N E D
15a − 21
31. = 14x T
− 3a
15a 21 I
= –
− 3a −3a T
37. 49 x22 y16 = 7x11 y8
= –5 +
7 Y
a 8
A35 Copyright © The Answer Series: Photocopying of this material is illegal
6. distance2 + 102 = 12,52
2 2 2
. . . Pythagoras
16 AREA & PERIMETER 1.5 Fraction or sector of circle missing =
36°
=
1
360° 10
3
â distance = 12,5 – 10
10 1 9

ANSWERS
= 156,25 – 100 OF 2D SHAPES â Fraction of circle = −
10 10
=
10
= 56,25 light
9 9
â distance = 56,25 â Area of of circle = % πr 2
10 10
= 7,5 m W 9
A 12,5 m
Area & Perimeter = % π(7)2
10 m 10
â the ladder will L
= 138,54 cm2
need to be placed L Exercise 16.1 Questions on p. 52
9 9
7,5 m from the wall. Circumference of of circle = % 2πr
1.1 Area = ℓ % b & Perimeter = 2ℓ + 2b 10 10
distance ?
= 40 mm % 15 mm = 2(40) + 2(15) 9
= % 2π(7)
= 600 mm2 = 80 + 30 10
7. 122 + BC2 = 152 . . . Pythagoras = 110 mm = 39,58 cm
â BC2 = 152 – 122 â Total circumference of shape
1.2 diameter = 10 cm ; â radius = 5 cm 9
= 225 – 144 = circumference of of circle + 2 % radii
â Area = πr 2 & Perimeter = 2πr 10
= 81 = 39,58 + (2 % 7)

AREA & PERIMETER OF 2D SHAPES: Ex 15.2/ Ex 16.1

= π(5)2 = 2π(5)
â BC = 81 B = 53,58 cm
= 78,54 cm2 = 31,42 cm
= 9m
OR P = πd
BD = BC + CD = π(10) 2.1 Frame A: Frame B:
15 m
â x = 9 m + 1,5 m x = 31,42 cm P = 2(ℓ + b) P = 2(ℓ + b)
= 2(20,5 + 14) = 2(18 + 13)
= 10,5 m
1.3 Area = s2 & Perimeter = 4s = 69 cm = 62 cm
C
1,5 m = (6)2 = 4(6) â Frame B has the smallest perimeter.
A 12 m D = 36m2 = 24 m
2.2 A: 2 cm
1 b×h
1.4 Area = b % ⊥h OR Area =
8.1 rectangle 2 2
1 12 × 5
= % 12 % 5 =
8.2 Ĝ = Ĥ = Î = 90° 2 2
14 cm
= 30 cm2 = 30 cm2
8.3 a right-angled triangle
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 . . . Pythagoras
2 2 2 2 cm
8.4 GJ + GH = HJ . . . Pythagoras AB2 = 122 + 52 2 cm 2 cm
2 2 2 â = 144 + 25
â 10 + 24 = HJ 20,5 cm
â HJ2 = 102 + 242 = 169 â length of picture breadth of picture
â HJ2 = 100 + 576 AB = 169 = 20,5 cm – 2 cm – 2 cm = 14 cm – 2 cm – 2 cm
â HJ2 = 676 = 13 cm = 16,5 cm = 10 cm
â HJ2 = 676 â Perimeter = a + b + c â Area of picture = ℓ % b
â HJ = 26 cm = 12 + 5 + 13 = 16,5 cm % 10 cm
= 30 cm = 165 cm2 16
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E 1½ hours QUESTION 3 QUESTION 6
PAPER E1 100 marks 3.1 Simplify: Simplify:
EXAM QUESTIONS

1 2 5 11
3.1.1 1 + 3 3.1.2 1 ÷ 2 (3)(3) 6.1 –4x + 6x – x (1)
All necessary working must be shown in its 2 3 16 12
proper place with the answer. 3.2 n ? means the reciprocal of n. 6.2 –6x2 – (–x2) (1)
No calculator may be used in this paper. So, 5 ? 1
= , for example.
Diagrams are not necessarily drawn to scale. 5 6.3 –4(x + 2y) (2)
Which of the following are true? Write down the
QUESTION 1 letter(s) that correspond to all the correct statements. 3
6.4 27x27 (2)
Complete the table below. ? ? ?
A 3 +6 = 9
Put ticks in the correct places to classify each number. 6.5 –3x2y % 4xy3 (2)
B 6? – 4? = 2?
C 2 ? % 6 ? = 12 ?

Imaginary
Irrational
Rational

6.6 –(2x2)3 (2)

Natural

Integer

? ? ?
D 10 ÷5 = 2 (2)[8]
Real

4 x4
6.7 (2)
–3 16 x16
QUESTION 4
4π 4.1 A pet shop sells only dogs, cats and mice in the 6.8 3x – x(2x + 1) (2)
−7 ratio 2 : 3 : 30. If there are 385 animals in total,
how many cats are there in the shop? (2) 6 x 3 × ( − 4 x2 )
36 [4] 6.9 – (2x)4 (4)[18]
− 12 x
4.2 Matthew began peeling a pile of 44 potatoes at
QUESTION 2 Remember: a rate of 3 potatoes per minute. Four minutes
2.1 Write down the lowest common multiple later Charles joined him and peeled at a rate of QUESTION 7
of 10 and 12. (1) 5 potatoes per minute.
7.1 If a = – 2, which is the largest number in the set
When they finished, how many potatoes had
2.2 Which is bigger: 13,2 or
(Explain your answer.)
163 ?
(1)
Charles peeled? (3) {− 3a ; 4a ; 24a ; a ; 1} ?
2
(2)
x 2 y 7 z
2.3 How many whole numbers lie between 4.3 If = and = find the value of x . (3)[8]
y 3 z 5 7.2 Subtract: 3x – 4y – z
8 and 80 ? (1)
–x – 3y + z (3)
2.4 Consider the numbers: –7 ; –5 ; –1 ; 1 ; 3 QUESTION 5
Using only two of the above numbers, what is Given: 3x – 4x 2 + 2x 3 – 1 7.3 Multiply: –5xy2 (4x3 – xy3) (2)
the smallest product one could make? (1)
5.1 What is the degree of the expression? (1)
2.5 Write down the factors of 18. (2) 9 x3y 2 − 27 x y 4
5.2 What is the coefficient of x ? 3
(1) 7.4 Divide: (2)[9]
107 − 9 xy 2
2.6 Simplify (2)
5 × 104 5.3 Write down the constant term. (1)
PAPER E1

2.7  and
are natural numbers and  %
= 36. 5.4 What is the value of the expression if x = 1? (1)
What is the largest possible value of  –
? (2) 5.5 Rearrange the expression in descending
[10] powers of x. (1)[5]
Copyright © The Answer Series: Photocopying of this material is illegal E11
M 1½ hours 2.4 The smallest product
4.1 The number of cats =
3
of 385
PAPER E1 100 marks = (–7) % 3 = –21  ... Trial & error 2 + 3 + 30
EXAM MEMOS

11
The smallest will be the number 3 385
= %
furthest left on the number line! 35 1
1

Remember: NO CALCULATOR 3 × 11
2.5 F 18 = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 6 ; 9 ; 18  =
1×1
1. = 33 
107 ⎡ 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 ⎤
2.6 = ⎢ ⎥
5 × 104 ⎣ 5 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 ⎦

Imaginary
Irrational
Rational 4.2
Hint:
Natural

Integer

103
= Draw a diagram !

Real
5
1 000 44 potatoes to be peeled
=
–3    5 Minutes 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
= 200  Potatoes
4π   peeled by :
2.7 36 – 1 Possibilities: Matthew 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
−7 
= 35  . . . 36 & 1 ; 18 & 2 ; 12 & 3 ; 9 & 4 ; 6 & 6 Charles 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
36     Total peeled 3 6 9 12 20 28 36 44

1 2 5 11 Number of potatoes which Charles peeled = 4 % 5 = 20 

3.1.1 1 + 3 3.1.2 1 ÷ 2
2 3 16 12
Note: The total of 44 potatoes were
3 21 35
= + 11 = ÷ peeled by the 8th minute.
2.1 60  ... 10 = 2 % 5 and 12 = 22 % 3 2 3 16 12
â LCM = 22 % 3 % 5 =
9 + 22 3
21 12
3
6 = % OR Number of potatoes peeled
OR 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, . . . 16 4 35 5
=
31  in the 1st 4 minutes: 4 % 3 = 12 . . . Matthew
12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 70, . . . 6 = 3×3
4×5  & thereafter:
1
=5  9 3 + 5 = 8 per minute . . . Matthew & Charles
2.2 Note: No calculator allowed! 6 = 
20 for the remaining
169 = 13 . . . 13 2 = 169 44 – 12 = 32 potatoes
3.2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 32 potatoes
A: + = + = = ≠ â 4 minutes ...
â 163 < 13 3 6 6 6 6 2 9 8 per min
â 13,2 is bigger than 163  B:
1
–
1
=
2
–
3
= –
1
≠
1 â Number of potatoes Charles peeled = 4 % 5 = 20 
6 4 12 12 12 2
1 1 1 x y 2 7
2.3 8 < 9 = 3 and 80 < 81 = 9 C: % = = 12 ?  4.3 % = % . . . Note the possibility
2 6 12 y z 3 5
â The whole numbers between 8 and 80 are:
of 'removing' y
1 1 1 5 1 x 14 by cancelling.
3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8 D: ÷ = % = = 2?  â =
PAPER E1

10 5 10 1 2 z 15
â The number of 15 If fractions are equal then
Be sure to answer â zx =  their inverses are equal.
whole numbers = 6  . . . the question! C and D are true  14

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