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    The document describes several experiments with the following objectives: 1) To determine the molarity and strength of a given KMnO4 solution using a standard oxalic acid solution. 2) To identify the functional groups in different organic compounds using chemical tests. 3) To identify the acidic and basic radicals present in inorganic salts using chemical reactions and observations. The experiments involve preparing solutions, observing reactions and colors, and making inferences about the compounds based on the results. Calculations are shown for determining the molarity and strength of the KMnO4 solution.

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    CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL EXPERIMENTS

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    The document describes several experiments with the following objectives: 1) To determine the molarity and strength of a given KMnO4 solution using a standard oxalic acid solution. 2) To identify the functional groups in different organic compounds using chemical tests. 3) To identify the acidic and basic radicals present in inorganic salts using chemical reactions and observations. The experiments involve preparing solutions, observing reactions and colors, and making inferences about the compounds based on the results. Calculations are shown for determining the molarity and strength of the KMnO4 solution.

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    6 views1 page

    Chemistry Lab Manual Experiments

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Singh
    The document describes several experiments with the following objectives: 1) To determine the molarity and strength of a given KMnO4 solution using a standard oxalic acid solution. 2) To identify the functional groups in different organic compounds using chemical tests. 3) To identify the acidic and basic radicals present in inorganic salts using chemical reactions and observations. The experiments involve preparing solutions, observing reactions and colors, and making inferences about the compounds based on the results. Calculations are shown for determining the molarity and strength of the KMnO4 solution.

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    of 1

    AIM:- To prepare M/10 standard oxalic acid soln and determine the molarity and strength of given KMnO

    4 soln in g/l.
    PRINCIPLE:- In the presence of acidic potassium permanganate soln oxalic acid is oxidized in to CO2 , KMnO4 itself
    undergoes reduction to give colourless manganous sulphate which is act as auto catalyst.
    REACTION INVOLVED:- 2KMnO4+3H2SO4→K2SO4+2MnS04+3H20+5[O]
    [H2C2+[O]→2CO2+H2O]×5
    2KMnO4+3H2SO4+5H2C2O4→K2SO4+2MnSO4+10CO2+8H20
    REQUIRED SOLN:- 1. Standard oxalic acid soln , 2. KMnO4 soln , 3. Dil H2SO4
    INDICATOR:- KMnO4 act as self indicator
    END POINT:- Pink Colour
    PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLN:- W= molar mass × molarity/1000 × volume = 126×1/10/1000×250 =3.15g
    WEIGHT THE REQUIRED AMOUNT OF OXALIC ACID IN A CLEAN AND DRY WEIGHING TUBE:-
    →Weight of empty weighing tube = 4.6424g (W1)
    →Weight of empty weighing tube + weight of oxalic acid =4.6424+3.15=7.7924 (W2)
    →Weight of oxalic acid =W2-W1 = .7.7924-4.6424 = 3.15g
    OBSERVATION TABLE:- →Volume of standard oxalic acid soln V1 ml →25.0ml ,25.0ml ,25.0ml
    →Burette reading initial (I)→0.0ml , 0.0ml , 0.0ml
    →Burette reading final (II)→20.1ml , 20.0ml , 20.0ml
    →Volume used KMnO4 soln (II-I)=V2ml →20.1ml , 20.0ml , 20.0ml→V2=20.0ml
    CALCULATION:- 2KMnO4+3H2SO4+5COOH_COOH→K2SO4+2MnSO4+10CO2+8H2o
    M1V1(oxalic acid) /n1 = M2V2 (KMnO4) /n2 → M1V1/5 = M2V2/2
    M2(KMnO4)=2/5 M1V1/V2 = 2×1/10×25 / 5×20 = 0.05M
    Strength of KMnO4 in (g/l) = Molarity × Molar mass = M2 × 158 = 0.05×158 = 7.9g/l
    RESULT→ Molarity of given KMnO4 soln=0.05M , Strength of given KMnO4 soln = 7.9g/l

    AIM:- To identify functional group in the given organic compound.


    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube , test tube holder , chemical reagent etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Liquid , Odour→Pungent , Colour→Colourless
    TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP :-
    EXPERIMENT→Organic compound + sodium metal , Organic compound + ceric ammonium nitrate
    OBSERVATION→ Effervesence of H2 gas , Blood red colour
    INFERENCE→ alcoholic group (-OH) may be , alcoholic group (-OH) confirmed
    RESULT:- Given organic compound contain alcoholic group (-OH).

    AIM:- To identify functional group in the given organic compound.


    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube , test tube holder , chemical reagent etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Liquid , Odour→Pleasant , Colour→Colourless
    TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP :-
    EXPERIMENT→aq. Soln of organic compound + NaHSO3 ,Organic compound+ Tollen’s reagent+
    . warm ,Organic compound+ Fehling soln (A+B) +Warm
    OBSERVATION→ White precipitate , Silver mirror (grey ppt) ,Red Precipitate
    INFERENCE→ -CHO or >C=O may be ,-CHO group confirmed ,-CHO group confirmed
    RESULT:- Given organic compound contains aldehydic group (-CHO).

    AIM:- To identify functional group in the given organic compound.


    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube , test tube holder , chemical reagent etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Liquid , Odour→Pleasant , Colour→Colourless
    TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP :-
    EXPERIMENT→aq. Soln of organic compound + NaHSO3 ,Organic compound+ NaOH+ sodium nitro
    . prusside
    OBSERVATION→ White precipitate , Red Colour
    INFERENCE→ either -CHO or >C=O , CH3-C=O-R confirmed (methyl ketone)
    RESULT:- Given organic compound contains ketone group (>C=O)

    AIM:- To identify one acidic and one basic radical present in the given inorganic salt.
    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube, test tube holder, passing tube, chemical reagents, etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Powder , Odour→Pungent ,Colour→White
    ANALYSIS OF ACIDIC RADICAL:-
    EXPERIMENT→ Salt + dil.H2SO4 ,Salt+dil.H2SO4→evolved gas is passed through lime water
    OBSERVATION→Colourless, odourless effervence envolved ,lime water turns milky
    INFERENCE→ Group ‘I’ present maybe CO3-- ,CO3—confirmed
    ANALYSIS OF BASIC RADICAL:-
    EXPERIMENT→Salt+aq.NaOH soln , Aq.soln of salt + NaOH soln + Nesseler’s reagent (K2HgI4)
    OBSERVATION→Pungent smell (smell of ammonia) ,Brown ppt
    INFERENCE→ Group ‘O’ present maybe NH4+ ,NH4+ confirmed
    RESULT:- The given inorganic salt contains-
    Acidic Radical→CO3—
    Basic Radical→NH4+

    AIM:- To identify one acidic and one basic radical present in the given inorganic salt.
    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube, test tube holder, passing tube, chemical reagents, etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Crystalline , Odour→Vinegar like ,Colour→White
    ANALYSIS OF ACIDIC RADICAL:-
    EXPERIMENT→ Salt + dil.H2SO4 ,Aq. Soln of salt+ Neutral FeCl3 soln
    OBSERVATION→ Colourless gas with smell of vinegar , Red ppt
    INFERENCE→ Group ‘I’ present maybe CH3COO- ,CH3COO- confirmed
    ANALYSIS OF BASIC RADICAL:-
    EXPERIMENT→ Salt of NaOH soln ,O.S +dil.HCl , White ppt+H2O+boil +coal →[Ist part+ K2CrO4 , IInd part + KI soln]
    OBSERVATION→No pungent smell ,White ppt , →[Yellow ppt (soluble in NaOH) , Yellow ppt (insoluble in cold H2O)]
    INFERENCE→Group ‘O’ absent ,Group ‘I’ present maybe Pb++ ,→[Pb++ confirmed ,Pb++ confirmed]
    RESULTS:- The given inorganic salt contains-
    Acidic Radical→CO3COO-
    Basic Radical→Pb++

    AIM:- To prepare M/10 standard oxalic acid soln and determine the molarity and strength of given KMnO 4 soln in g/l.
    PRINCIPLE:- In the presence of acidic potassium permanganate soln oxalic acid is oxidized in to CO2 , KMnO4 itself
    undergoes reduction to give colourless manganous sulphate which is act as auto catalyst.
    REACTION INVOLVED:- 2KMnO4+3H2SO4→K2SO4+2MnS04+3H20+5[O]
    [H2C2+[O]→2CO2+H2O]×5
    2KMnO4+3H2SO4+5H2C2O4→K2SO4+2MnSO4+10CO2+8H20
    REQUIRED SOLN:- 1. Standard oxalic acid soln , 2. KMnO4 soln , 3. Dil H2SO4
    INDICATOR:- KMnO4 act as self indicator
    END POINT:- Pink Colour
    PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLN:- W= molar mass × molarity/1000 × volume = 126×1/10/1000×250 =3.15g
    WEIGHT THE REQUIRED AMOUNT OF OXALIC ACID IN A CLEAN AND DRY WEIGHING TUBE:-
    →Weight of empty weighing tube = 4.6424g (W1)
    →Weight of empty weighing tube + weight of oxalic acid =4.6424+3.15=7.7924 (W2)
    →Weight of oxalic acid =W2-W1 = .7.7924-4.6424 = 3.15g
    OBSERVATION TABLE:- →Volume of standard oxalic acid soln V1 ml →25.0ml ,25.0ml ,25.0ml
    →Burette reading initial (I)→0.0ml , 0.0ml , 0.0ml
    →Burette reading final (II)→20.1ml , 20.0ml , 20.0ml
    →Volume used KMnO4 soln (II-I)=V2ml →20.1ml , 20.0ml , 20.0ml→V2=20.0ml
    CALCULATION:- 2KMnO4+3H2SO4+5COOH_COOH→K2SO4+2MnSO4+10CO2+8H2o
    M1V1(oxalic acid) /n1 = M2V2 (KMnO4) /n2 → M1V1/5 = M2V2/2
    M2(KMnO4)=2/5 M1V1/V2 = 2×1/10×25 / 5×20 = 0.05M
    Strength of KMnO4 in (g/l) = Molarity × Molar mass = M2 × 158 = 0.05×158 = 7.9g/l
    RESULT→ Molarity of given KMnO4 soln=0.05M , Strength of given KMnO4 soln = 7.9g/l

    AIM:- To identify functional group in the given organic compound.


    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube , test tube holder , chemical reagent etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Liquid , Odour→Pungent , Colour→Colourless
    TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP :-
    EXPERIMENT→Organic compound + sodium metal , Organic compound + ceric ammonium nitrate
    OBSERVATION→ Effervesence of H2 gas , Blood red colour
    INFERENCE→ alcoholic group (-OH) may be , alcoholic group (-OH) confirmed
    RESULT:- Given organic compound contain alcoholic group (-OH).

    AIM:- To identify functional group in the given organic compound.


    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube , test tube holder , chemical reagent etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Liquid , Odour→Pleasant , Colour→Colourless
    TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP :-
    EXPERIMENT→aq. Soln of organic compound + NaHSO3 ,Organic compound+ NaOH+ sodium nitro
    . prusside
    OBSERVATION→ White precipitate , Red Colour
    INFERENCE→ either -CHO or >C=O , CH3-C=O-R confirmed (methyl ketone)
    RESULT:- Given organic compound contains ketone group (>C=O)

    AIM:- To identify functional group in the given organic compound.


    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube , test tube holder , chemical reagent etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Liquid , Odour→Pleasant , Colour→Colourless
    TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP :-
    EXPERIMENT→aq. Soln of organic compound + NaHSO3 ,Organic compound+ NaOH+ sodium nitro
    . prusside
    OBSERVATION→ White precipitate , Red Colour
    INFERENCE→ either -CHO or >C=O , CH3-C=O-R confirmed (methyl ketone)
    RESULT:- Given organic compound contains ketone group (>C=O)

    AIM:- To identify one acidic and one basic radical present in the given inorganic salt.
    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube, test tube holder, passing tube, chemical reagents, etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Powder , Odour→Pungent ,Colour→White
    ANALYSIS OF ACIDIC RADICAL:-
    EXPERIMENT→ Salt + dil.H2SO4 ,Salt+dil.H2SO4→evolved gas is passed through lime water
    OBSERVATION→Colourless, odourless effervence envolved ,lime water turns milky
    INFERENCE→ Group ‘I’ present maybe CO3-- ,CO3—confirmed
    ANALYSIS OF BASIC RADICAL:-
    EXPERIMENT→Salt+aq.NaOH soln , Aq.soln of salt + NaOH soln + Nesseler’s reagent (K2HgI4)
    OBSERVATION→Pungent smell (smell of ammonia) ,Brown ppt
    INFERENCE→ Group ‘O’ present maybe NH4+ ,NH4+ confirmed
    RESULT:- The given inorganic salt contains-
    Acidic Radical→CO3—
    Basic Radical→NH4+

    AIM:- To identify one acidic and one basic radical present in the given inorganic salt.
    APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube, test tube holder, passing tube, chemical reagents, etc.
    PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:- State→Crystalline , Odour→Vinegar like ,Colour→White
    ANALYSIS OF ACIDIC RADICAL:-
    EXPERIMENT→ Salt + dil.H2SO4 ,Aq. Soln of salt+ Neutral FeCl3 soln
    OBSERVATION→ Colourless gas with smell of vinegar , Red ppt
    INFERENCE→ Group ‘I’ present maybe CH3COO- ,CH3COO- confirmed
    ANALYSIS OF BASIC RADICAL:-
    EXPERIMENT→ Salt of NaOH soln ,O.S +dil.HCl , White ppt+H2O+boil +coal →[Ist part+ K2CrO4 , IInd part + KI soln]
    OBSERVATION→No pungent smell ,White ppt , →[Yellow ppt (soluble in NaOH) , Yellow ppt (insoluble in cold H2O)]
    INFERENCE→Group ‘O’ absent ,Group ‘I’ present maybe Pb++ ,→[Pb++ confirmed ,Pb++ confirmed]
    RESULTS:- The given inorganic salt contains-
    Acidic Radical→CO3COO-
    Basic Radical→Pb++

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