INTERNSHIP

INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT 2022-23
KARNATAKA HOUSING BOARD CHAMARAJANAGARA DISTIC
Karnataka Housing Board (KHB) established under Karnataka Housing BoardAct 1962 as a successor to
Mysore Housing Board constituted in 1956. The primary objective of KHB is 'to make such schemes and
to carry out such works as are necessary for the purpose of dealing with and satisfying the need of
housing accommodation'. With this directive KHB endeavors to provide housing to the people of
Karnataka at affordable cost and therefore recognized as the most important agency for housing throughout
Karnataka.
Vision and Mission of KHB
Vision
To improve quality of life by establishing self-contained communities with state -of - the art amenities that
are in harmony with the environment
Mission
To provide sustainable, equitable, eco-friendly and affordable housing.
To constantly improve delivery and quality.

To constantly strive to work for customer satisfaction.To provide
efficient urban infrastructure services.
To function in a manner that is transparent, customer friendly, consultative andparticipative.
Ongoing projects in chamarajanagara dist;-
Proposed girls hostel for nursing at bedarapura
Proposed post metric medical and engineering boys hostel at karinanjanpurProposed post metric
girls hostel at kuderu
Proposed post metric girls hostel at near APMC chamarajanagara
Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 1

INTRODUCTION
General
As internship is a short –term professional experience related to a student’s major or career goals.
Students generally work minimum of eight hours per weekor a maximum of 40 hours week (full time), usually
for one academic term. The work is performed in a professional environment under the guidance and
supervision of a staff member with experts in the student’s field of interest. Although the work may be similar
to some part time jobs or volunteer experiences, an internship is identified by the intentional, self –detected
learning and student reflection about the work experience. Through internships, students explore career
options, test their choice of academic major and develop professional skills and experience. Students may be
participate in internships for academic credit or for experience only.
Structural engineering is concerned with the research, planning design, construction, inspection, monitoring,
maintenance rehabilitation and demolition of permanent and temporary structures, as well as structural
systems and their components. It also considers the technical, economic, environment, aesthetic and social
aspects of structures.
Structural can include buildings, in- ground structures footings, frameworks, and space frames, including those
for motor vehicles, space vehicles, ships, airplanes and cranes. They can be composed of any structural
material including composites and novel material. Structural engineering is a creative professionthat makes
a significant contribution to infrastructure, industry, as well as residential and recreational developments.
Structural engineers carry out strength calculations and prepare drawings ofstructures to ensure they are strong
enough to avoid collapse when loaded. The most common structures deal with are buildings and bridges, but
tunnels walls to hold back earth embankments, large tanks and soils as well as mining structures, also form
part of a structural engineer’s work. Specialist areas include oil drilling platforms and associated
infrastructures, shipbuilding and aircraft design.

INDEX
 ERATH EXCAVATION
 PCC BEAD
 RETAINING WALL
 SOIL FILLING
 FOOTING AND COLUMN
 BRICK MASONRY
 FRAMEWORK
 RCC WORK
 PLASTERING
 CURING

MY ROLE AS AN INTERNSHIP IN THIS ORGANIZATION
 To understand functioning and working conditions of this organization.
 To make this kind of work as a possibility in my future career.
 To better use and understand my academic knowledge in a practical

environment.
 To get experience in working with persons who are intimately associatedwith the organization.
 To enhance my knowledge about alternators and gas turbine engines.
 To build a good network.
 To enhance communication skills.
 To learn about various research methodologies.
 To spend time in a professional environment.
 STO get field work experience and collect real time data from experiencedpersonalities.
 To visit the various related departments related to my domain and visualizethe concepts.
 To clarify the doubts pertaining to the academics, relating it to the subjectsthat I have studied.
 To write a paper and submit a report at last on my days of study in thecampus.
 To take up mini projects and try to work to come out with proper solutions.
 To make better usage of the resources available in the campus for theenhancement of my
knowledge.

SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
Personal protective equipment used in the construction site are:-Protective

gloves.
 Hearing protection.
 Full face shields when cutting, grinding, or chipping.
 Chemical splash goggles.
 Respiratory protection.
 Fail protection equipment when working above 6 feet.
 Specific protective clothing such as welding leather when welding or clothing whenwith live
electricity.
SAFETY EQUIPMENT

Works carried out in the site
We came to know that how the practical Implementation of construction works in site. We came to know
about how the construction methods or steps that we learnt in the classrooms are implemented at the site
practically, Most of them are out of the study border of that classrooms. We work on the following
construction work during this internship.
Plans and drawings
The first requirement in constructing a building project is to understand architectural drawings, which are
also called blueprints, or plans. The basic rules in reading drawing involves.
 Read the cover sheet, which contains the project name, the architect’s name,address and contact
information, project location and date.
 Go through the index of plan sheets and their contents, abbreviation keyscale bar with plan
scale indicated.
 Understand the architectural sheets that will be numbered in the approximateorder of construction.
 Civil engineering drawings (C) include plot or site plans, utilities, grading
, and landscape details.
 Structural drawings (S) include foundation, structural steel, building support system, and roof framing
system along with sections and details.
 Architectural drawings (A) include floor plans, elevations, building sections, door and window
schedules, and room finishes.
 The floor plan is an important drawing because it provides the most important information and acts as
a reference for the location of additional Sections and details. The floor plan shows floor finishes, walls,
doors Stairways, fireplaces, built‐ in cabinets and mechanical equipment.

 LOCATION:- BEDARAPURA


Excavation:-
 With tools, equipment or explosives. It is the preliminary activity of theconstruction.

 Work procedure for excavation at construction site involves understanding ofcenter line and
excavation drawings.
 Excavation is the act or process of digging, especially when somethingspecific is being removed from
the ground
 In the process of excavation if the site has rock then the excavation is done bypneumatic drilling
machine.
 The size of the excavation done is 1.5* 1.5* 1.5meters.
 E.g. Let us consider the foundation of dimension 1.5m*1.2m*0.35, for the excavation purpose extra 0.1m
has to be considered on the either sides for the placing and removing shutter easily.
 Excavation is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials.

 LOCATION;- BEADARAPURA

PCC BEAD
We have learned how PCC is laid and its importance such as:
1. Mix proportion for PCC
2. How PCC is laid
3. Care that is to be taken while laying PCC
4. How curing is done
 LOCATION:-BEDARAPURA
PCC WORK
Plain cement concrete is the mixture of cement, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate without steel. PCC
is an important component of a building which is laid on the soil surface to avoid direct contact of
reinforcement of concrete with soil and water.
Proportioning of Plain Cement Concrete

1. The proportioning is done based on the requirement or given
specification. Generally 1:1:2 mix is used.
2. The measurement of material can be done by weight batching orvolume batching.

3. In volume batching, coarse aggregate and sand shall be measured by measuring box of 30cmx30cmx38cm
of a suitable size equivalent to one bag cement of 1/30 m3or 0.035 m3.
4. Sand shall be measured on the basis of its dry volume.
5. While measuring the aggregate, sacking, ramming or hammeringshall not be done.
LAYING OF PCC
 LOCATION :-BEDARAPURA
The PCC is laid in the layers of not more than 150mm thick and thoroughly vibrated by the means of
mechanical vibrators till a denseconcrete is obtained.
1. Wherever needed, hand compaction shall be done with the help of wooden tamping rods so that concrete
is thoroughly compacted and completely walked into the corners of the formwork.
2. Compaction shall be completed before the initial setting starts that iswithin thirty minutes of addition of
water to the dry mixture.
3. Laid concrete shall be protected from rain by suitable covering.

RETAINING WALL
A retaining wall is a when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose
of the soil. Retaining walls are used for supportingsoil laterally structure designed and constructed to
resist the lateral pressure ofsoil, so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides.
A wall for holding in place a mass of earth or the like, as at the edge of a terraceor excavation. A retaining
wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil, when there is a desired
change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil.
A basement wall is thus one kind of retaining wall. But the term usually refers toa cantilever retaining wall,
which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top. These are cantilevered from a footing and
rise above the gradeon one side to retain a higher level grade on the opposite side. The walls must resist the
lateral pressures generated by loose soils or, in some cases, water pressures

COLUMN AND FOOTING
FOOTING:-
 Footings shall be designed to sustain the applied loads, moments and forces and the induced reactions
and to ensure that any settlement which may occurshall be as uniform as possible and the safe bearing
capacity of soil is not exceed
 Main bar is provided with 10mm dia bars and distribution bars are providedalong the shorter span of
the column.
 Main bar is provided below the distribution bar.
 Centre to center spacing of the bars is 4’’ to 6’’inches.
 Fe500 is the grade of steel used.
 M25 grade of concrete is used (1:1:2).
 Using 20mm coarse aggregate.
 Depth of footing is 1.2m.
 50mm clear covers provided using clearing blocks for mats.
 LOCATION:- BEDARAPUARA

COLUMNS
 A column is a structural element that transmits load, through compression, theweight of the structure
above ground level to other structural elements below.
 Column is compression member.
 Using plumb bob the column is placed vertically.
 Bar bending is done by providing clear cover of 40 mm
 Fe 500 grade is provided for the steel.
 20mm &25mm main bars are provided.
 8 mm dia stirrup bars are provided.
 Spacing of stirrups is 200mm.

RISING OF COLUMN
 After placing of starter, the Aluminum boxes are fixed.

 Boxes are placed using plum bob.
 Then the concrete is poured inside the boxes and compacted usingvibrator.
 After setting of concrete, the boxes are removed.
 M25 grade of concrete is used for filling of columns.
 Fe 500 steel is used for columns.
 20mm to 25mm dia main bars.
 8mm dia stirrups bars are used.
 Clear cover of 40mm is provided for all the sides.

BACK FILLING:-
The process of putting soil back into a trench or foundation once excavation and related work as been
completed. The back fill process required skilled and heavy equipment’s as well as knowledge of specification,
Contractor requirement and soil condition every area soil has unique characteristics, requiring different
construction techniques to ensure optimum performance
Types of back filling in foundation based upon the type material use, they can be divided into
1. Course grained soil
2. Fine graded soils of low to medium plasticity
3. Commercial by –products
4. CLSM(controlled low strength material)
Steps involved in back filling in foundation

1. Before you being the backfill process, you have to be sure that the foundation cures for at least 5-7 days.
There are even instances when cracks may occure when you backfill too soon.
2. The ground over which the filling has to be done should be cleaned off all grass, loose stones, rubbish of
all kinds etc. if there is water in the area.
3. Try to use the refilling material from the excavated earth.
4. The approved excavated material. Which has been stocked. Shall be cleaned of all rubbish. Large size
stone. Vegetation etc.
5. Begin back filling at the corners and be sure that the distribution of the soil is even show has to provide
ample lateral support for the walls of your home.
6. Filling should be done in layers. Each layer being of 15cm to 20cm.
7. Each layer is watered and compacted with heavy rammers of wooden logs or steel.

FACTORS AFFECTING FOUNDATION BACKFILLING:
1. Choosing the right backfill material
2. Compacting the backfill
3. Period of back fill

MASONRY WORK
The following practical knowledge were gained about masonry work:
1. How the wall is aligned on the floor based on the drawing
2. How the perpendicular and vertical level is maintained using plumb bob
3. Number of bricks required for the particular space
4. How the mortar is laid
5. How bonding is maintained between the blocks
6. How much length the blocks are laid per day
 LOCATION:-KUDER
MASONRY WORK
Concrete masonry is a popular building material because of its strength, durability, economy, and its resistance
to fire, noise, and insects. To function as designed however, concrete masonry buildings must beconstructed
properly.
The constituent masonry materials: - concrete block, mortar, grout, and steel, each contribute to the
performance of a masonry structure. Concrete masonry units provide strength, durability, fire resistance,
energy efficiency, and sound attenuation to a wall system. In addition, concrete masonry units are
manufactured in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, colors, and architectural finishes achieve any number of
appearances and functions. While mortar constitutes approximately 7%

Of a typical masonry wall area, its influence on the performance of awall is significant. Mortar bonds
the individual masonry units together, allowing them to act as a composite structural assembly. In addition,
mortar seals joints against moisture and air leakage and bonds to joint reinforcement, anchors, and ties to help
ensure all elements perform as aunit. Grout is used to fill masonry cores or wall cavities to improve the
structural performance and/or fire resistance of masonry. Grout is most commonly used in reinforced
construction, to structurally bond the steel reinforcing bars to the masonry, allowing the two elements to act
as one unit in resisting loads.
STAIRCASE
We have the following practical knowledge about staircase:

1. How to implement drawing on the field
2. How reinforcement and bar bending are given
3. How to calculate amount of concrete required
4. How shuttering work is done
5. How concreting and curing is done
STAIRCASE
 LOCATION:-KARINANJANAPURA LOCATION:-KUDER

A staircase a set of steps that lead from one floor to another. It is provided toallow the means of
ascending and descending between the various floors of the Building. The room or enclosure of the
building, in which the staircase is located,is known as a staircase. The opening or space occupied by the stairs
is known as the staircase. Another important aspect in the design of stairs is the aspect of strength. It must be
designed to carry certain loads, similar to those used for floordesign.
Dog-Legged Staircase:
The dog-legged staircase is one of the simplest forms of stairs in which a flight ofstairs goes up to a half step
before turning 180 degrees and continuing upwards. It is called Dog Legged Staircase, because of its
appearance in sectional elevation. It consists of two flights that run in opposite directions, separated by a
landing in the middle space or a quarter in space and a set of rollers. When the available space is equal to
twice the width of the stairs, the dog-legged staircaseis used. From the design point of view, the advantage
of this staircase lies in its compact layout and better circulation. Therefore, it finds application in almost all
types of buildings, whether residential, commercial or institutional. It is common to find sketching such a
staircase in architectural projects.
BEAM
A beam is a structural members which spans horizontally between supports and carries loads which act at
right angles to the length of the beam. They are smallin cross – section compared with their span. The width
and depth of a typical beam are “small” compared with its span. Typically, the width and depth are less than
span/20.
Generally a beam is subjected to two sets of external forces and two types of internal forces .The external
loads are the loads applied to the beam and reactionsto the loads from the supports. The two types of internal
force are bending moments and shear forces.
 Beam size:-600*230mm
 Grade of concrete M25

 Bar bending is done by providing clear cover of 25 mm
 Fe 500 grade is provided for the steel.
 16mm &20mm main bars are provided.
 8 mm &10mm dia stirrup bars are provided.
 Spacing of stirrups is 150mm.

LOCATION:-KARINANJANAPURA
REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE SLAB
 We have gained practical knowledge such as:

 How to analyses drawing
 How to implement it on the field
 How reinforcement is calculated
 How bar bending is done
 How shuttering is done
 How concreting and curing is done
 How to estimate the amount of steel and concrete
 Precautions that should be taken

 LOCATIN:-KARINANJANAPURA
RCC SLAB
A Reinforced Concrete Slab is the one of the most important component in abuilding. It is a structural
element of modern buildings. Slabs are supported on Columns and Beams
 RCC Slabs whose thickness ranges from 10 to 50 centimeters are most oftenused for the construction
of floors and ceilings.
 Thin concrete slabs are also used for exterior paving purpose.
RCC SLAB CONSTRUCTION
 In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supportedon foundations or directly
on the sub soil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building.
 In high rises buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung between the steel
frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level.
 While making structural drawings of the reinforced concrete slab, the slabs are abbreviated to “R.C
slab” or simply “R.C.C.”

Reinforcement design
 A one way slab has structural strength in shortest direction.

 A two way slab has structural strength in two directions.
LOCATION;- KARINANJANAPURA
SHUTTERING
We have learned the following things about shuttering
1. How to analyses shuttering drawing
2. How marking is done
3. How to estimate the amount of shuttering required
4. Requirements of shuttering
5. Precaution that should be ta

TYPES OF FORMWORK (SHUTTERING)

1. Timber Formwork
2. Plywood Formwork
3. Steel Formwork
Materials used for the formwork

 The formwork is commonly built from wooden planks and boards, plastic, or steel. On commercial
building sites today, plastic and steel are more common as they save labor.
 On low-budget sites, for instance when laying a concrete garden path,wooden planks are very common.
After the concrete has set the wood may be removed, or left there permanently.
 In some cases formwork is not necessary – for instance, a ground slab surrounded by brick or block
foundation walls, where the walls act as the sides ofthe tray and hardcore acts as the base.
SHUTTERING FOR RCC

Formwork (shuttering) in concrete construction is used as a mould for a structurein which fresh concrete is
poured only to harden subsequently. Types of concreteformwork construction depends on formwork
material and type of structural element. Formworks can also be named based on the type of structural
member construction such as slab formwork for use in a slab, beam formwork, column formwork for use in
beams and columns, respectively, etc.
DE-SHUTTERING
The operation of removing the formwork is known as stripping/De-shuttering. Stripped formwork can be
reused. Reusable forms are known as panel forms and non-usable are called stationary forms.
Timber is the most common material used for formwork. The disadvantage with timber formwork is that it
will warp, swell, and shrink. The application of water- impermeable cost to the surface of wood mitigates
these defects.

REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD FORMWORK
1. It should be strong enough to withstand all types of dead and live loads.
2. The joints in the formwork should be tight against leakage of cement grout.
3. It should be as light as possible.
LOCATION: KUDERU

PLASTERING
We have gained following practical knowledge about plastering:
1. How to setup for plastering work
2. Proportion of mortar to be used
3. How mortar is laid
4. Precautions to be taken while plastering
5. How the surface is leveled
6. Cleaning the area after plastering
7. How much thickness to be given
8. Importance of lime plastering
PLASTERED SURFACE
Plaster is a thin layer of mortar applied over the masonry surface and it acts as a damp-proof coat over the
brick masonry work. Plastering also provides a finishedsurface over the masonry that is firm and smooth hence
it enhances the appearance of the building. The primary objectives of plastering are to protect thesurface from
atmospheric influences, to cover the defective workmanship in
Masonry, to conceal porous materials, and to provide a suitable surface forpainting Masonry, to conceal
porous materials, and to provide a suitable surface forpainting.
Procedure of Plastering Work
1. Preparation of Surface for Plastering

2. Groundwork for Plaster.
3. Applying Under Coat or Base Coat
4. Applying Finishing Coat
5. Curing of plastering works.

 LOCATION:- KUDERU
LIME PLASTERING
Lime plaster is good at absorbing and releasing moisture. This means it can effectively act as a natural
humidity control, taking out moisture from the air when there’s too much, and releasing it back when the air
gets too dry, all of which makes for healthier and more pleasant living conditions. Lime plastering isdone only
on the interior side of the building.

CURING
Curing aims to control the rapid loss of moisture from the setting concrete, so the aim is to provide a seal to
prevent or slow down the rateof water evaporation. However, method differ according to the type of structure
or curing requirement. Curing duration of concrete must be at least 14 days .Some of the more common curing
methods include.
 Covering concrete work with polythene sheeting,
 Particularly for vertical elements e.g columns.
 Covering with damps sand or damp hessian – applied as soon as the concrete hardens otherwise
surface damage may result.
 Sprinkling or spraying.
 Ponding can be used for horizontal surface such as slabs, floors across the surface filled water.
 LOCATION :-BEDARAPURA

SPECIFIC OUT COMES FROM INTERNSHIP

 During my internship training at ‘KARNATAKA HOUSING BOARD’.I am fortunate enough
to have experience and learned many different sides of work, what goes into a project the general
process of how a project is initially planned, Developed and completed as well as how much work and
details goes into every stages.
 During the first two days of internship, It was a tough task to understand the work and the
responsibilities that were placed onme but with the help of my site Engineer, Supervisors and the
Assistant Engineer we learned a lot to control the site.
Conclusion
 The main aim of studies with in this project was to investigate how structure is constructed within its
desired properties. We get knowledge about the basic and advanced techniques of building
construction.
 During period of one month all the department and contractor’s staff helped as a lot to provide all the
information about any query. So we are great full to all staff of KARNATAKA HOUSING
DEPARTMENT.


INTERNSHIP

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INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT 2022-23

KARNATAKA HOUSING BOARD CHAMARAJANAGARA DISTIC

Vision and Mission of KHB

To provide sustainable, equitable, eco-friendly and affordable housing.

To constantly improve delivery and quality.

Ongoing projects in chamarajanagara dist;-

Proposed girls hostel for nursing at bedarapura

girls hostel at kuderu

Proposed post metric girls hostel at near APMC chamarajanagara

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 1

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 2

 FOOTING AND COLUMN

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 3

MY ROLE AS AN INTERNSHIP IN THIS ORGANIZATION

 To understand functioning and working conditions of this organization.

 To make this kind of work as a possibility in my future career.

 To better use and understand my academic knowledge in a practical

 To build a good network.

 To enhance communication skills.

 To learn about various research methodologies.

 To spend time in a professional environment.

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 4

Personal protective equipment used in the construction site are:-Protective

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 5

Works carried out in the site

Plans and drawings

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 6

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 7

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 8

 With tools, equipment or explosives. It is the preliminary activity of theconstruction.

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 9

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 10

1. Mix proportion for PCC

2. How PCC is laid

3. Care that is to be taken while laying PCC

4. How curing is done

Proportioning of Plain Cement Concrete

specification. Generally 1:1:2 mix is used.

2. The measurement of material can be done by weight batching orvolume batching.

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 11

5. While measuring the aggregate, sacking, ramming or hammeringshall not be done.

3. Laid concrete shall be protected from rain by suitable covering.

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 12

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 13

COLUMN AND FOOTING

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 14

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 15

 After placing of starter, the Aluminum boxes are fixed.

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 16

1. Course grained soil

2. Fine graded soils of low to medium plasticity

4. CLSM(controlled low strength material)

Steps involved in back filling in foundation

3. Try to use the refilling material from the excavated earth.

6. Filling should be done in layers. Each layer being of 15cm to 20cm.

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 17

FACTORS AFFECTING FOUNDATION BACKFILLING:

1. Choosing the right backfill material

2. Compacting the backfill

3. Period of back fill

Civil. Engg, GEC, Chamarajanagarra 18

1. How the wall is aligned on the floor based on the drawing

3. Number of bricks required for the particular space