MUSCULAR

SYSTEM
The Muscular system
There are more than 600 muscles in human body.

The muscular system helps in

v Balance and movement of the body (at joints).
v Strength,
v Maintains posture
v Circulates blood

Major classifications,
v Cardiac Muscles
v Smooth Muscles
v Skeletal Muscles
TYPES OF MUSCLES
Cardiac Muscles - Muscles found in heart, is
involuntary.

Smooth Muscles - Smooth muscle is responsible

for the contraction of hollow organs, such as
blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the
bladder, or the uterus, Involuntary control.

Skeletal Muscles - are attached to bones by

tendons, and they produce all the movements
of body parts in relation to each other - is under
the voluntary control.
FACE
CHEST
Gluteus Maximus, Medius, Minimus
 Tendon - Strong, tough connective tissue cord

 Fascia - A tough, sheet-like membrane, covering.

 Aponeurosis – a broad, flat sheet

 Origin and insertion,

Origin – the end that does not move; usually
proximal to insertion
Insertion – the end that moves when muscle
contracts

 Muscle fatigue - The muscle is unable to contract

 Spasm – a sudden, involuntary contraction of a

muscle
Neuromuscular junction - The axons divide and
end at each of the single muscle fibers, forming the
neuromuscular junction

Prime Mover/Agonist - Initiates movement

Antagonist - Reverses a particular movement

Synergist - which serves to steady a movement

Fixator - a muscle which stabilizes the origin of the

prime mover
Adduction – moving a body part toward the
midline

Abduction – moving a body part away from the

midline

Flexion – decreasing the angle of a joint

Extension – increasing the angle of a joint

Hyperextension – increases the angle beyond

the anatomical position

Circumduction – the distal end of an extremity

inscribes a circle while the shaft inscribes a cone
Rotation –
1. Internal – move toward the midline
2. External – move away from the midline

Supination – turn the palm upward

Pronation – turn the palm downward

Eversion – turn the plantar surface away from

the midline

Inversion - turn the plantar surface towards the

midline
Plantar flexion – move the sole of the foot
downward, as in standing on the toes

Dorsiflexion – move the sole of the foot upward

Medical Terms:

My/o – Muscle

Ten/o – Tendon

Kinesi/o – movement
THE END