° xX Ub a RV. F(a) = Prob ixexf 4 fe) vib wuakwrouur but x 4 . = f Fela dn. Fc (ee) ois Kuouans y 7 tum lw) > 4 Pe(x), mn J feed. dc 4 far y= ae X usa Rv aud exp, distributed . Fe (= 9% 5 X70 ,A70, Uae & =. (deoaying. fartor), F/O) = Poo yey = Fos [x*2 4] = Prob [x Seg]. % =f ftdidn or Fe (9) 2 eda. - [AS “~ a-6°%. a , > . > ° > > > = = = = = tur ZZ KY x amd Y are exp olistr tbubed with A, aud A, ab tHe wuiean_ Vala ealintake — _ FO) amt fl)" 2, Be(md= ap er™ E (a) 2 Prob [225] Fy(p)= ae = frob [xty 2 s]Fl)? Gf Prob (42 aeafx]}- PCG ay] : ue! (eee By Cp) dy) fa eda . SL FyCy)-dy) feo) da + LES % Jy Fae as eee “Ext Z=max (x,y), = Prob(ze zJ = Prob [max (x,y) £2] Prob (xez, X>Y]+ Prob [¥4 257?%7. ai- Z= mu(x,y) = Prob (min (xy) e z7 Probl xs 2, xcy J + Fabl¥e2, yeu], " " M 4- Prob (roax Cy) @,7J. = 4- Prob[¥7Z, Y2z] = 4~- Prob (ur 2J Prob [yxz]. = 4- (1— Probl ez) C1~ Prot (y<27). = 4-(G- Pela Cr- Fy Ca), = a- [1- Pela) - Pyle) + ReC@Fy (2) h a: oe my 2 STR] Yee. Yas haxt ne, wa” ~ NY, a(t rs yhot Random « wARyRK, Max Ot 5%) X+Y ue were 24{o1/ 2023 ales Zz xy xtY Ea) D+ fro (OO < =] RAL w/y-2 = yf fy Cs de : y vw 207-2 of “W i ike ; ) ) ) ’ , , . leo) fared, ee? “mal dan Max (W540) by 2 d8 of FL (ge)? Fe <#] K+Y KY UK+ZY, x (y-2) < ZY. *< Z/ye2r. helix “% aly] 4. = [(f4ee0.49) fy orbedy, Sz frets 27] + fi Fy (X)* A) & Ody, 80 yee MeZ : Akerrioubion | Ho: Yn : 7 Regia Ue yeKen a pots . : ve fuser fgay [2 \ [oe |e ee n>, 2 iat tL freignal/ LY remap es a Mp face2ly (Miss daume ) Coo pMreide UT rer He was Hausmitbe dy toy pe He ee ee a" (false alourse Gy 1 ee a ne : tu = Hy ar pe Po. ° ( Rerobatishta, é > Py =P (Bos Hi) C af cubed je Zs - > Pes P (D He) gc ™,. : Wacision Trausferred . ' > Pope Pp (DisHI), e bev p Boneh : a bo Pi aud Cov, Cor, Clo, Cn are Minimax Rust —p—> owl costs are kwon ash po, Pi ee are Wulawouwnr S > Rare all are ula te adnlruige tne RISE. pick 2 Coo P (Dap He) + Coy PCD, Hi) + Ce PCMH Cu PCD se), sp lyied> ery) } : fis | RISK > Coo bCDe[He)-P(He) + Cor p CDe1H1) PCH) + Co pCDsIHs) Powe) Cn PCD RCH. Risk = CoobCDolHe) be + Coy p(DAM) Pr + Cre p Coil He) pot Cu Coste) fr. > h prod cain Loe Ltinaplified in U n tem of tink, 2 fe a dander it ( Neiabire earprpnrpnrenernrrnrrenreepnrepeeoees oeH, => Y=N. H, oS YexetN, o fe y : ’ : 9 P (D1 He) & f Fig i dy, ° ple Hede Fy Liles) dy, . Ze ey - b(pelHn) = Zf Fo? wIHi) dyy) “plDini)e 9 Fy py CoH ’ Lo et, > oO ; “h, (Protas 9 a J 2 > SF Fong, Colne) Y ae Coa 6, wey , ) , , , , ) Zo-6 =,“ a kick 8> Cp be ftnn, & IH.) dy + Coy Pp F Syn nray 0G. bs $ Fyny,( ylH)dy + Gy py $ Fay, CLAD, 2) z, 7 e+ Coo fe ffm (yn) dy + ey, Pi ftom CH) dy Cu Cob? - Go Pe $ yin. (vim Heddy ~ oo Pr a a (yIHi dy, , , > wath ( Coo- Cio) (yHe)d —C, Cote) > mh [#5 H | OF fn md + Cope # Cups, aa aking ie west Tab Aeeuten wel : . . Vigan Han woe ty vorrect olecirenr .hee Coy > Cry Cie > Coo - > Cape e cei pe # f [Coon -Cu Pr) Fyn, 1H) = (Cope - CoP) Fura. (1H) Jay 4 Gab (Core) pr Fig! 2 Cpo-Coo) be Fgh leklelwod Ratio Test + ub yO ye yy | Bayes Rake lye Tub HY > Cro~ C00) pe ee ( A A Fy), (enna) | Wel £ = [ikelibeod Katte Tes: (To remove. expounutial part) | La) 2 ge | Eas He: Cee N AWGN, Whe wala=o “Yomt+Nn. Vaan = o> Cuoteage) ogy up te Atkeltuecct Ratio tesb- * TSdeal weucitum — ° Tuushold Coa Cort, y= st Sy ACY) 2 4 o = One ee lie leg ACH) > 0 pos pr * Fame th | oltegLove — € * 4 « « « e + e . e C. » Ln ~ & & & « « i “ « (Bo, He) + pCO Hi) = pe PCD |H.) the Ouida,eT el + fucbabebiliy of wnorg deine [PV2° “D > plD-, Hid + pote. ~ piplomn) + pe prime) k p(DlHs)= oo”, fa 2y-p (del He), P(DIHed © Pp o Foe ily. PCO) = Pp Salut foo, Fy (0) = o cS Fin (ytHe) ~ (By) Bee iney] = froblyey] = Pulp). LA G= 2A) = Ey). ar - eet ? f2aor Fy Cy) = Frob [yvex].* = Frob [m+ N <4). Fyigy Hin)= te FE = Fin Cte aa ae = ene Fay Gl Bg Fy, Cdl He) He. ; ; ) , J > > > > . 7 ~ 7 7 = = fy Fy ge_ 207 y 2 4, Hy ou bot sds) (Takisg leg. | { ay emicamy 9) Zt Zaer { 2 +m 2, astleg 4 os MY slg, > =Go~tor) pe JZ EGS. (Coin) py flak oak a a * what aw fe, Pry aud Pp, = f (Pilre) wb Figg (2H dy, -¥ Taek 2 — e oy avence ee ern awecneaneannnnc...a/ert ba Yo , dy jy = die * dy = ode * n 44 2 fe Lo @ x gdb P J aay 7 = “tA oy. = pce) | fe Jos ; as > Pp ES f 4. oe ay, yer =k oe yef2arb x ane” 2 7 : an Beg fo > a oF ae yay = ord - Naz a Toor * ce) : fete tae loufalete Gamma Fusetion r(x) = eet de > Lepper uueomple+e Game ) , , , : ) - . 3 ; vlY& 7 ™ 7 = wT etet ae — lowe viaconpice gre NENG Thess wpe : ae rte) = Form) + (le), Wa . . a|T CK) = @-h Ye -b ee oe a aes alee = 5 wo ie i aa FM ee), A%er * oF (WjyevA * (A) = YP = 4 TEER* Tl) x rn — Ro plod, eS ¢ fh CyIHD) dy | ee o (9) 52 oo Vex et oan 4 me 3 re ae + py pm Ht Yeo Me ke), 3, 26° H+ Ye ame NK Nip Nagee 5 Walinesd Mirtection “Test fn yee = Ye" * % Yo-- aud idurlcead - por: fy @) = fa) > = =] Fy, (re). ay. ALIGN ~ 0 Mita Ye aL wrolupencleut kK, _ Nk. oe RVAHIOMEK . Fyy (te) eeFigg, CUO TD [ates COAT ker W2ac2 Ueleeed » - atyd > Foy, Cold m A 2 ; ¥/He) us en Yooh Fyne = Tr ‘seer * CK o eh - ae Jl, Aager © be ao Wnhae™ Wer wae = é@ x & wren © e: gee my)? We Jog & Sg yh mame yee /ree - = ca ex _ -s m_amy, /2 o - c mreombles)// 7 eS ~ QUI Bee -m/ + amk Ct) fy Coolie PCi-Pe+ Cor bia + Cio Pe Pe +2, pb UF). ‘ > Cooli-fe) + Ciote +p Keoot eu) + ; Clo tu )ha = (Cron coe fe : > preflojo uy vans + atinone Region vanes : Pr aud Pr vars » > Pp? a s a ay) a, “ fm » SF Cart) dy = 1 (rit) @ =" e) dy = ee (PPS Pe oo amd Fe oe (glHe) dy =o | he Pye) anna + RISK + _ pth) a RISk = Coo- ok re , e Hy : ' a > pel aly) ~ o- Coo Pa ‘ < Py 2D j risk > Cu , p « Pe et « Re Cp Pr) 7 Re ) . 7 ¢fNow» Ue wleds te wululriye, Ate arr VISE, oor pi = (Cy- C00) Co ~ 01) fn (Cor Cov) fe zo) Coo =ln=0- Coy Pu = Cole. Cpo= Cor > [hus fe ds ot 8(a/¢) a(m—Yer) | a loge 4 * “ Mea may We pr (bso-Coa) aamy, Pi (¢0)-Cn) a ype me ct log nt mp, fe * ™ Po= pie Os leg 4= 0 : wes * 20(%_) = 29(" Ve) he )Sa,e° Ox A & cla het Petia So Ab = Jog 3, — (m-a)” ia pee leh = 08-02-2023 a NeoP Tesk ( Neyman Pearson) , fe Task > M aoiuiz, Hue Py : ) ) ’ J ) ’ » » 4 2 = * _ Cov, Cer, Cros tn E ronOecd ty uals HES Cu 2 oes fodictd! H unr Ho WAM Tr , Geeta SS Mi nutmigh . Ua Hy Now, yas fo wulninuge Pra fp < om oe (01 Fy be Geoot hie) CtootCio) ye - ye (Ga-en) ee Soyet Fy 2 a snus Fyn. He oll olin 4 Bott ie atyoate +A (1-2) —_——— Lo Be eae Azo Gyr eo... ian . ) (we ger apni solr ak Hu bounds J T= yt AC fe®) * Sh CelHe) oy. + A (Lom. Culted4y =) 1- LF CylHe) Yy Se = L5 nu (oth) ag ae (Gran J F Fyn Cyto) dy. 2 Aaa) + Lm comet a ae J Joy. a7 Nok dtpeuoleut Fyn, G CelHn “3! 5 + poser Samae iin) NeP Teste a “ Fp col) fe eed neOS ea-ne0 Ket, Pp ox on en ELE T+, Fre opt soln to a. SP Gee) ay en (tl ga 2 ). Megane “toy ie dang valu of ayeee any ow, ee pouserut tec!, ae Miuimax Teste [fe- fia] ~€xi- Y Cog e Us a Vaudem vawable +rat Nes Hu, PDP wndit4 HH, ancl Ho bap potent _ Fyn, (OI) ze, yre —th Fyne (giv) = Fe = ye Coo= Gy 20 aud Co 2 Cyomd Fertform We -wuinimax tbe Fria GLH) * pe (Canis) 4 -_ Fy yy SHI He fr Cogzess | Yb we ao 4 a et He y/o ty 2 cn * LK. 7 aie G 2, logy aea “ o 4, > (eu Coe) + (oon Cu) Pra (ero Coo) Pp =o . fee for, {Fn Cote) dy , J Fay Ct) ye ee Hie BO 21 = Or pt, Leaps NR ge - Loa Y oo 4-6 = 2 > Hla) = ee ze t7> i, i Py PPP KRKCPKCPKPF PP PPrKCPPPPPPerpeveeegeagvegagese@ pur +L acim _ www fe = Of + — » ae 4p veck (4/2) 7 otal leatyy # Probatittey 5 www = error 4 Ly 65 = cy 20 bo= Pi CoreGora | u Fyn, CTH) 2 a. “E Calne) Ho Fyud r ~-! ! H, al & > 4 ap rete Sa ely & ev l¥! He O22 Ww el be Ce is Lue. e oreo fp au Ho! ' lel Z 0. #68 Hy iG bP on . ly 0. 488. 2 , to 7 Iy¢l o 0,458 pyr ont ft 048 —o4Ke 0,458 2 yeys a (a = at ¢ 0,458 ° oye uy 488 FH. ages yc? thr fe= phe + Phe, (¢) et! Cane cel ly! = leg (“-e") ; » @pePPRPRekeHhHeeteeawneeoeanrtenanenennneED 8 8 em ROL ( Reclewut Cperatiug, Lhasackert stées Ale peers, — Eyaluatts He performance Ht 3 feb by. pletleing, Bu. vue Yoh Py and Po Bb We (Gecn) He YE MEN, Cri tM) M fe = GC A/c) Mey Shlegy +m OF FOU E | oes), va E [AMI nH] 20 Ela(p ladon. ae ~ - oat [CDI He] = Me fn ph ti] ao cms wermalise He varuomer get ae AGH) by ©. Aye = ch leg t my, SH m & (aly) |ued= sown [Ag Hy = Mf Mn Veg [a tye] 2 eet | ue [acpi] > at. ' i H He IoC Vs 1} Oo Mr Nod cesta fawamuber Ga) = My Oy ey 2 ara ee = Squal Pout) ois fe wm = SNR,CE SO Hy { Aly) < neg + Me ‘ , v pe (eo~Coe) | leg + 4A (4 Pr Coen) J a e f= @ ('99"Ya +42) | a Olas. ~ . ‘ ‘ ‘ # atu P bende Loustat-@ at — Pot FE all uss aie * si m= ofp cs urespecr ope OF, wae a Go Yemame . fur Sine Cp lH) = oF, yr pears! Lory Fym Cyln) = ee *% 4 yrds drt, Ss esis composite HiPOTE. ny: Ye M NV galeede ae ~ tlon- render ey cout : Rawle Croustawl) Cay Lt Neve vamdem oud umbneriir a YEN Hie yi tant PP PPP FFP ReBeekeeneeeets esSegrarue St ulti M20 eral H, : Cy 2 wales Seonae 2 + 3 He t= hale sme 1 > Mm wen ~ Vowden vaxiable . Jo welowab, toa tenn Mewng VE a oa & ['] gts) Ha, for m0 Thine “t [ee % yd i Fy, C0" “pe ta £, Cains) ae? 2 fr, ae. c ae: ce § 6, Lath) = “ u -Y,2 loge) : fet wl smth pine SOE HP Ee 5 waiter. set poten Hak For om <2, ue uMp dem wer oak for re me™ ae,cremains 7M cau. Yoder variable - wen Tee Man na). probly ¢ ¥) = Prog M+NE ey] ~ toa la eq-nIn I$ 7 frob LN ego] yon = eff men] : = [PF (m) den f, (nid - yy) = “(eon a FCP * “[eatn) Hi ; (nda = ORO = at fran? & fy) poe . jayrivtoe 7 Tagen) fylnddn. YH a fF, A Hi) YW] UR a Hi) din re ay) y ¢ fF ( ) f. maar fia, (BtHO Te Cytron) fy 6 ' ‘ ; e ye JIMA) | ' ta YIM yHe i rAly) = [6,h0"? Fi, CIM) den ae “pe, Caml) Flint He) dim : Bes Wee a pelos) , Ye mt pays tA vi aN (osm) Fray C87) So et ee AR Faye) - Me apex © x ly or one Sn . dm = 1 A - fre Cy) lee fee ea a jee 2K