LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

QUARTER 1st / SEMESTER 1st

Weeks 5-6

Name:____________________________ Grade & Section ________________Score:_____

Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Name of Teacher: _____________Date: _____

I. Title: Enculturation and Socialization

III. Type of Activity: Concept notes with formative activities

LAS for summative assessment ( Written Work Performance Task)

III. MELC: Explain the context, content, processes, and consequences of socialization

IV. Learning Objective/s:

1. To identify the context, content, processes, and consequences of enculturation and
socialization

2. To explain the development of one’s self and others as a product of socialization

and enculturation

3. To promote protection of human dignity, rights, and the common good

V. Reference/s
Print Material/s
 K to 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies with Corresponding CG Codes by
DepEd, Curriculum and Instruction Strand.
 Textbook on Understanding Culture, Society and Politics authored
by Antonio P. Contreras, PhD, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, PhD, Cecile C.
Fadrigon, PhD Cand. Page 109-127

Online Source/s
 SCRIBD, https://www.scribd.com/document/383033017/TG-UNDERSTANDING-
CULTURE-SOCIETY-AND-POLITICS-docx/Uploaded by Joan Eser Mina

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VI. Concept notes with formative activities

Key Concepts

Socialization is the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential
and learn culture. Unlike other living species, whose behavior is mostly or entirely set by biology,
humans need social experience to learn their culture and to survive. Social experience is also the
foundation of personality, a person’s consistent patterns of acting, thinking and feeling (Macionis
2012: 102).

Enculturation is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture
and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture. In this process, the
influences that limit, direct, or shape the individual (whether deliberately or not) include parents,
other adults, and peers. If successful, enculturation results in competence in the language, values,
and rituals of the culture.

There are many theories on how the self, as a product of socialization, is formed. We will examine
the work of four researchers: Sigmund Freud, Charles Cooley, George Herbert Mead, and Jean
Piaget (Macionis 2012: 104–108).

Freud’s model of personality. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) combined basic needs and the
influence of society into a model of personality with three parts: id, ego, and superego. The id
represents the human being’s basic drives, or biological and physical needs which are
unconscious and demand immediate satisfaction. In the human personality, the superego refers
to the cultural values and norms internalized by an individual. Society, through its values and
norms, opposes the self-centered id. The ego is, thus, a person’s conscious efforts to balance
innate pleasure-seeking drives (id) with the demands of society (superego).

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Jean Piaget. (1896 – 1980) From his studies of
human cognition, or how people think and understand. Piaget identified four stages of cognitive
development.

 Stage one is the sensorimotor stage (first two years of life), the level of human
development at which individuals know the world only through the five senses.
 Stage two is the preoperational stage (about age two to seven) at which individuals first
use language and other symbols.
 Stage three is concrete operational stage (between the ages of seven and eleven) at which
individuals first see causal connections in their surroundings.

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  The last stage is the formal operational stage (about age twelve) at which individuals
think abstractly and critically.

Mead’s theory of the social self. George Herbert Mead (1863–1931) For Mead, the self is a
part of our personality and includes self-awareness and self-image. It is the product of social
experience and is not guided by biological drives (see Freud) or biological maturation (see
Piaget). According to Mead, the key to developing the self is learning to take the role of the other.
Infants can do this only through imitation and, without understanding underlying intentions, have
no self. As children learn to use language and other symbols, the self emerges in the form of play.
Play involves assuming roles modeled on significant others, or people, such as parents, who have
special importance for socialization. Then, children learn to take the roles of several others at
once and move from simple play with one other to complex games involving many others. The
final stage in the development of the self is when children are able to not only take the role of
specific people in just one situation, but that of many others in different situations. Mead used
the term generalized other to refer to widespread cultural norms and values we use as references
in evaluating ourselves.

Cooley’s Looking-glass Self. Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929) used the phrase looking-
glass self to mean a self-image based on how we think others see us. As we interact with others,
the people around us become a mirror (an object that people used to call a “looking glass”) in
which we can see ourselves. What we think of ourselves, then, depends on how we think others
see us. For example, if we think others see us as clever, we will think of ourselves in the same
way. But if we feel they think of us as clumsy, then that is how we will see ourselves.

Agents of socialization
Several settings have special importance in the socialization process. These include the family,
school, peer group, and the mass media. The family, usually the first setting of socialization, has
the greatest impact on attitudes and behavior. Schools teach knowledge and skills needed for later
life and expose children to greater social diversity. The peer group takes on great importance
during adolescence. The mass media have a huge impact on socialization in modern societies.

VALUES, NORMS, STATUS, AND ROLES

Socialization is also defined as the process of preparing members for membership in a given
group in society. Through socialization, individuals learn the norms and values of their society.

Values are culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and
beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.

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Norms are the rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.
Socialization prepares individuals to occupy statuses and roles (Macionis 2012: 127– 128).

Status refers a social position that a person holds.

 An Ascribed status is a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily
later in life. Examples of ascribed statuses include being a daughter, a Filipino, a teenager,
or a widower.
 Achieved status refers to a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects
personal ability and effort. Achieved statuses include honors student, athlete, nurse,
software writer, and thief.

Role refers to behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status.

Gender role socialization

Sex refers to the biological characteristics distinguishing male and female (Macionis 2012: 169).
Sex is based on chromosomes, anatomy, hormones, reproductive systems, and other
physiological components.

Gender refers to those social, cultural, and psychological traits linked to males and females
through particular social contexts.
 Sex makes us male or female; gender makes us masculine or feminine. All the major
agents of socialization—family, peer groups, schools, and the mass media—reinforce
cultural definitions of what is feminine and masculine. (Dionisio 1992: 1-2; Macionis
2012: 170).

YOU CAN DO THIS

Task 1
Write on your answer sheet the word AGREE if the statement tells truth and DISAGREE if the
statement tells otherwise.

________1. Socialization is a process that takes place only during the early years of our life.
________2. The social self can also be considered as the mind.
________3. Self-concept is different from self-consciousness.
________4. Norms are the rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its
members.
________5. Gender makes us male or female.

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Task 2
Choose the correct answer of the following questions below. Write the letter of your choice on
your answer sheet.

1. What do you call to the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human
potential and learn culture?
a. Enculturation b. Socialization c. Achieved status d. Role
2. This refers to social, cultural, and psychological traits linked to males and females.
a. Social skills b. Achieved status c. Gender d. Role
3. It refers to the behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status.
a. Enculturation b. Socialization c. Achieved status d. Role
4. It has the greatest impact on attitudes and behavior.
a. Family b. Friends c. Relatives d. Role
5. These are the rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.
a. Social skills b. Gender Role d. Norms d. Guidelines

Task 3
Provide the correct answer of the following questions below. Choose your answer from the box.

Mass Media Peer Group Schools Superego Ego Id

_____________1. It takes a great importance during adolescence.

_____________2. A person’s conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives with
the demands of society.
_____________3. This refers to the cultural values and norms internalized by an individual.
_____________4. It has a huge impact on socialization in modern societies.
_____________5. It teaches knowledge and skills needed for later life and expose children to
greater social diversity.

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YOU CAN DO MORE

Task 4

Match column A to column B. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.

A B

______1. He combined basic needs and the influence a. Charles Horton Cooley
of society into a model of personality with b. Jean Piaget
three parts: id, ego, and superego. c. George Herbert Mead
______2. According to him “What we think of ourselves d. Sigmund Freud
depends on how we think others see us. e. Social Self
______3. He identified four stages of cognitive f. Cognitive development
development.
______4. In this theory, the self is a part of our personality
and includes self-awareness and self-image.
______5. The key to developing the self is learning to take the
role of the other.

Task 5
Determine the following statements if what model/theory they belong. Choose your answer from
the options below. Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

A - Freud Model of Personality C - Mead’s theory of social self

B - Piaget’s theory of cognitive D - Cooley’s Looking-glass self

_____1. Combined basic needs and the influence of society into a model of personality with
three parts.
_____2. The self is a part of our personality and includes self-awareness and self-image.
_____3. He identified four stages of cognitive development.
_____4. As we interact with others, the people around us become a mirror in which we can see
ourselves.
_____5. If we think others see us as clever, we will think of ourselves in the same way
Task 6

In your answer sheet of do the following activity:

 The cliché “The family that prays together, stays together” suggest more than a religious
message.
 Write a short explanation that provides a sociological interpretation of this message.

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CHALLENGE YOURSELF
Task 7

Discuss the Agents of Socialization on how it affects you as a person. Write your answer in a one
whole sheet of paper.

Family School Peer group Mass Media

Task 8

Sigmund Freud combined basic needs and the influence of society into a model of personality
which is the id, ego, and superego. Discuss these models of personality using the given template.
Write your answer on your answer sheet.

id ego superego 

Task 9
If you are to list in order of the importance of socialization agents in your life, how would you list
look like? Use the table below to construct your list. In column B, try to identify the most critical
influence each exerted on you and give an example of this influence. Write your answer on your
answer sheet following the template below.

A B
Socialization Agent Key Influence and example

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LEVEL UP
Task 10
In a separate sheet of paper do the following activity:
 Look back on your childhood. The focus of this activity is your interaction/socialization
with your families, relatives, neighbors, and godparents.
 Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.
 Make at least minimum of three sentences on each question.
1. How did your family take care of you as a child?
2. What role did your relatives play in your upbringing?
3. How did your neighbors interact with you as a child? To what extent did they socialize
with your family?

Task 11
In a bond paper do the following activity:
1. Identify your specific status and roles.
2. Use the given template below to accomplish your tasks.

MY STATUS SET

MY
STATUS

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Task 12

Copy and accomplish the diagram on your answer sheet.

MY ROLE SET

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VI. Notes to the Teacher:
 The above activity is a test to measure the skills and knowledge learned by the students on
Enculturation and Socialization
 Rubric below will be used to rate the score of the students on their essay for Tasks 6-12.

Rubric for Essay

Criteria 3 2 1 0 Score
Focus/Main The essay is The essay is The essay is The essay poorly
Point focused, focused on the focused on topic addresses topic
purposeful, and topic and and includes few and includes
reflects clear includes relevant loosely related irrelevant ideas
insight and ideas ideas ideas
Support Persuasively Supports main Supports main Provides little or
supports main point with point with some no support for
point with well- developed underdeveloped the main point
developed reasons and/or reasons and/or
reasons and/or examples examples
examples
Organization Effectively Organizes ideas Some Little or no
organizes ideas to build an organization of organization of
to build a argument ideas to build an ideas to build an
logical, coherent argument argument
argument
Language Effective and Appropriate use Some use of Little or no use
Use, style& creative use of of elements of elements of of elements of
Conventions elements of style style. Uses style. Contains style. Many
(Sentence to enhance correct frequent errors errors in
structure, meaning. Uses grammar, in grammar, grammar,
word choice, correct spelling, and spelling, and spelling, and
grammar, grammar, punctuation with punctuation punctuation,
spelling, spelling, few errors makes reader’s
punctuation) punctuation comprehension
throughout with difficult
very few errors
Originality Distinctive Sufficient Very little No
(Expression experimentation experimentation experimentation experimentation
of the theme with language with language to enhance nor
in a creative and usage to and usage to concepts. Does enhancement of
way) enhance enhance not exhibit concepts. No
concepts. concepts. creativity adherence to the
Applies higher Applies basic theme
order thinking creative skills to
and creative relay ideas
skills to relay
complex ideas
TOTAL: 15

SCORING
Points Earned Descriptive Rating
15 Outstanding
13-14 Very Satisfactory
11-12 Fairly Satisfactory
9-10 Satisfactory
Below 8 Did not meet expectations

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