GREAT BUILDINGS Pyramid of King Zoser

Architect: Imhotep
 earliest pyramidal structure of the ancient world, the Step Pyramid
(c.2630 BC) of King Zoser at Saqqara, Egypt
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
 consist of six terraces of receding sizes with a one staba
(circa 1200 BC – AD 1st Century)

Temple of Luxor
 or Southern Sanctuary at Luxor,
Egypt, The Great Pyramid
18th the Pyramid of Khufu is the largest in the world, measuring 230m (756 ft)
dynasty
king
 dedi
cated
to
Amon-
Re,
king of
the
Gods
 bui
lt of sandstone for
the quarries of Gebel
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
(circa 300 – 30 BC)
Silsila

Parthenon
447-438
Abu Simbel Architect: Itchinus and Callicrates with Phidias
 dedicated chieftly
Location: Athens, Greece
to Re-Harakhti, God
Style: Ancient Greek Doric
 on the historic Acropolis. Doric exemplar
of the rising sun
 built during the
reign of Ramses II (1304 – 1237 BC)
Erechtheum
421 – 405
Architect: Mnesicles
Location: Athens, Greece
Style: Ancient Greek, Ionic
 has Caryatid Porch with figural columns. On the Acropolis, uses grade
change.
 Style: Roman
 composed of an arc of arched arcade
 most magnificent and architecturally most pleasing
 largest known forums
Epidaurus
Theater
Colosseum
Architect: Polykleitos
70 – 82
Location: Epidauros, or Epidhavros,
Architect: Vespacian and Domitian
Greece
Location: Rome, Italy
Style: Ancient Greek
Style: Ancient Roman
 and the quality of its acoustics
 three-quarter columns and
make the Epidaurus theatre one of
entablatures, Doric in the first story,
the great architectural
Ionic in the second, and Corinthian in
achievements of the fourth century.
the third, face the three tiers of
 the largest and best preserved
arcades
ancient theaters in Greece.
 largest Roman Amphitheater
 can accommodate 14,000
 designed to hold 50,000
spectators.
spectators
 had approximately eighty entrances so crowds could arrive and leave
easily and quickly
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
(300BC – 365 AD)
AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE
The Pantheon
118 - 126 White House
Architect: Acrippa Architect: James Hoban
Location: Rome, Italy Location: Washington, D.C.
Style: Ancient Roman Date: 1793 to 1801, burned 1814,
 great domed hall with oculus porticos 1824 to1829
oculus – a single circular opening Style: Georgian Neoclassical
 one of the great spiritual  official residence of the president
buildings of the world of the United States of America, for
 it was built as a Roman temple the last 200 years
and later consecrated as a Catholic
Church Capitol of the United
 revived the use of brick and concrete in temple Architecture
States
Architects: Thornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch
Trajan’s Forum Location: Washington, D.C.
100 – 112 Date: 1793 to 1830
Architect: Apollodorus of Damascus Style: Neoclassical
Location: Rome, Italy
  meeting place of the U.S. Congress, the national assembly of the United Location: New York
States of America, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate  shaped like a Latin cross
National Gallery of Art  the largest Roman Catholic Cathedral in the United States
Architect: John Russel Pope  designed in a Gothic Revival materials at English and French Gothic Style
 houses one of the finest collections of painting, sculptures, and graphic Connecticut State Capitol
arts in the world Architect: Richard Upjohn

Washington Monument Monticello

Architect: Robert Mills 1768 to 1782
Location: Washington, D.C. Architect: Thomas Jefferson
Style: Neo-Egyptian Location: Charlottesville, Virginia
 the obelisk is the only remnant of Building Type: House
the original blue print that remains Style: Colonial Georgian
 with George Marsh, competition  Remodeled1796 to 1808
1836. standard Egyptian proportion of  beautiful hilltop home is a
10:1 height to base classical example of the late 18th
Century American architecture
and a national historic landmark

New York City Hall

University of Virginia Architect: Pierre L’enfant
1826 Style: French Renaissance - Georgian Style
Architect: Thomas Jefferson  one of the most historical architecturally distinguished building in New
Location: Charlottesville, Virginia York
Building Type: University campus
Style: Classical, Neo-Palladian Fallingwater
 ideas of symmetry and use of 1934, 1938, 1948
brick Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
 arcades connect buildings around Location: Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania
central lawn Building Type: house
 curving brick walls surround Style: Expressionist Modern
campus  cantilevers dramatically over rock outcropping and rushing stream
 sends out free-floating platforms audaciously over a small waterfall and
anchors them in the natural rock
Massachusetts State House
Architect: Charles Bulfinch - first native-born professional American architect
 classical elements are pilasters, porticos and domes

Saint Patrick’s Cathedral

Architect: James Renwick
Guggenheim Museum
1956 to 1959
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
Location: New York, New York Johnson Wax Building
Building Type: art museum 1936 to 1939 and 1944
Style: Modern Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
 a gift of pure architecture—or Location: Racine, Wisconsin
rather of sculpture Construction system: precast
 based on organic forms that the concrete and brick
architect found in seashells and snails Style: modern
 unique structural expression in
open hall, tower with rounded
corners
 the tower is totally enclosed
Coonley House
and does not allow for horizontal
1908
expansion of work space
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
 articulated by dendriform columns capable of supporting six times the
Location: Riverside. Illinois
weight imposed upon them, a fact Wright had to demonstrate in order to
Style: Prairie style
obtain a building permit
Building Type: house
Construction System: wood frame with
stucco Larkin Building
 a large, sophisticated prairie 1904, demolished 1950
house Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
Location: Buffalo, New York
Building Type: commercial offices
Construction system: brick masonry
Style: Early modern
 large four-storey central atrium
Ennis House
 the first entirely air-conditioned
1923
modern office building on record
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
Location: Los Angeles, California
Building type: house Wingspread
Style: Deco Modern 1937
Construction system: bearing masonry, Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
concrete blocks Location: Wind Point, Wisconsin
 the last of the four Los Angeles Building type: large house
textile block house Style: neo-Vernacular
 living room, dining room,
kitchen, family sleeping rooms,
guest rooms, were separate unites
 grouped together and connected by corridors begins at the Louvre and continues to
Golden Gate Bridge the City’s Western edge
1933 to 1937 Palais Royal
Architect: Joseph Strauss  commissioned by Cardinal
Location: San Francisco, California Richeliev
Building type: suspension bridge  original name is Palais Cardinal
Construction system: steel frame, steel  17th century
cables  Daniel Buren: stripped columns
Styles: Structural Modern with some Art
Deco details
 one of the longest bridge in the
world
 a powerful and elegant human
structure in an equally beautiful
natural location
 overall bridge length of 9266 feet, or 2824 meters
 bridge main span length of 4200 feet, or 1280 meters Sacre-coeur
 located at the hill of Montmartre which is the highest point in the city of
paris
FRENCH ARCHITECTURE  1874: Paul Abadie
 1910: completed by Lucien Magne
The Louvre
1546 to 1878 Hotel de Ville
Architect: Pierre Lescot  largest renaissance building
Location: Paris, France  16th and 17th century
Building type: palace, art museum  Italian designer Domenico de Cortona
Construction system: cut stone bearing  1871: burned, renovated in 2 years
masonry
Style: French Renaissance Arc de Triomphe
 also designed by Catherine de  Napoleon, the French emperor
Medici, J.A. du Cerceau II, Claude decided to build a very big arch of
Perrault, etc. triumph, which stands at the top of
 I.M. Pei: design the glass the Champs Elysees
pyramid, which serves as the main public entrance

Tuileries
 the Tuileries Garden of Pompidou Centre
Paris is part of the 1972 to 1976
Triumphal way, which Architect: Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano
Location: Paris, France
Building Type: modern art museum  false ceiling painted by Marc Chagall
Construction system: high-tech steel and glass
Style: High-tech modern Elysee Palace
 a cost of $100,000,000, with an average attendance of 1718
approximately seven million people a year Architect: Claude Mollet
 massive structural expressionist cast exoskeleton,  official residence of the president of France
"exterior" escalators enclosed in transparent tube
Hotel de Invalides
Notre Dame de  Napoleons tomb is within the structure
Paris  founded by Louis XIV for disabled soldiers
1163 to 1250  late 17th century
Architect: Maurice de
Sully La Madeleine
Location: Paris, France Architect: Napoleon I
Building Type: church, cathedral  church of Ste. Marie Madeleine
Construction system: bearing masonry,  constructed as a church in 1842
cut stone  surrounded by 52 Corinthian columns
Style: Early Gothic
 one of the most
celebrated Gothic
cathedrals in France
 twin towers
marking the entrance
 probably the Sorbonne
most famous image  most famous building at the University of Paris
in French Gothic art
Chartres Cathedral
1194 to 1260
Paris Opera House Location: Chartres, France
1857 to 1874 Building type: cathedral
Architect: Charles Garnier Construction system: bearing masonry
Location: Paris, France Style: Gothic exemplar
Building type: theater, opera house  the elevation was in three tiers as it had no gallery and the vaulting was
Construction system: masonry, cut stone quadripartite, which eliminated the need for alternating supports
Style: Neo-Baroque  supreme monument of High Gothic art and architecture
 polychrome façade, opulent staircase Amien’s Cathedral
 commission by competition 1220
 masterpiece of 19th century architecture  145 meters long
 one of the largest and most opulent theaters in the  largest French Gothic Cathedral ever built
world  intricate façade completed during the 15th century

Rheims Cathedral
 one of the greatest monument of Gothic art and
architecture
 construction commerced by Jean
d’Orbais and was completed by Robert
de Coucy
 a work of remarkable unity and
harmony
Eiffel Tower
1887 to 1889
Architect: Gustave Eiffel
Location: Paris, France
Building Type: exposition observation
tower
Construction system: exposed iron
Style: Victorian Structural Expressionist
 dominates the sky line of Paris
 one of the most famous landmarks in the world
 built for the Paris Exposition of 1889
Notre dame du Haut
1955
Architect: Le Corbusier
Location: Ronchamp, France
Building type: church
Construction system: reinforced concrete
Style: Expressionist Modern
 soft-form composition, deep windows with colored glass (wall thickness 4'
to 12')
 Le Corbusier’s dramatic pilgrim church
Villa Savoye
1928 to 1929
Architect: Le Corbusier
Location: Poissy, France
Building type: house
Construction system: concrete and plastered unit masonry
Style: modern
 an early and classic exemplar of the "International Style", which hovers
above a grass plane on thin concrete pilotti, with strip windows, and a flat
roof with a deck area, ramp, and a few contained touches of curvaceous walls
GERMAN ARCHITECTURE
Burgtheater
1874 to 1888
Architect: Gottfried Semper with Karl von Hasenaver
Berlin Opera House
(STAATSOPER)
Architect: Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorf
Wurzburg Residenz
Architect: Balthazar Neumann
 one of the best structure of the Baroque-Rococo period
 Einstein Tower
1919 to 1921
Architect: Erich Mendelsohn
Location: Potsdam, Germany
Building type: laboratory, observatory
Construction system: bearing masonry,
concrete over brick
Style: Expressionist Early Modern
 curvaceous, streamlined form
 designed to hold Einstein's own
astronomical laboratory
 this 'sarcophagus of architectural
Expressionism' is one of the most
brilliantly original buildings of the
twentieth century
ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE
British Museum
1823 to 1847
Architect: Sir Robert Smirke
Location: London, England
Building type: art and historical museum,
library
Construction system: masonry, cut stone
Style: Victorian Ionic façade, Classical Revival
 Includes one of the world's great
library rooms. Glazed roof over restored
courtyard by Norman Foster
Salisbury Cathedral
1220 to 1258
Location: Salisbury, England
Building type: Cathedral (church, temple)
Construction system: bearing masonry, cut
stone
Style: English Gothic
 Cathedral of Saint Mary
 an outstanding example of the Early
English architectural style
 tallest in England 404ft (123m)
 use of Purbeck marble to create a strongly coloured scheme
Queen’s House
1616 to 1635
Architect: Inigo Jones – the greatest of English Classical architect
Location: Greenwich, England
Building type: large house
Construction system: bearing masonry
Style: Palladian, Late English Renaissance
 was built by Jones for Anne of Denmark, wife of James I
Somerset House
1776 to 1786
Architect: William Chambers
Location: London, England
Building type: government offices and art school
Construction system: cut stone masonry
Style: Neoclassical
 Home of Royal Academy of the Arts. Corinthian orders above arched
courtyard apertures, rusticated base
Saint Paul’s Cathedral
1675 to 1710
Architect: Sir Christopher Wren
Location: London, England
Building type: church
Construction system: masonry, brick, timber and cut stone
Style: Late renaissance to Baroque
 the dome peaks at 366 feet above pavement
 a masterpiece of Baroque architecture
 largest cathedral in England
Chiswick House
1729
Architect: Lord Burlington
Location: Chiswick, England
Building type: large house
Construction system: bearing masonry
Style: Palladian
 also known as “Burlington House”

Westminster Palace
1836 to 1868
Architect: Sir Charles Barry
Location: London
Building type: seat of government,
government center
Construction system: cut stone bearing
masonry
Style: English Gothic Revival
 Big Ben: the clock tower best
known is a great symbol of London
 originally seat of kings as a royal residence
Glasgow School of Art
1897 to 1909
Architect: Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Location: Glasgow, England
Building type: college
Construction system: bearing masonry
Style: art and crafts, art nouveau
 imaginative synthesis of
elements of Art Nouveau and Scottish
Architecture
Durham Cathedral
1093 to 1280
Location: Durham, England
Building type: church, cathedral
Construction system: bearing
masonry, cut stone
Style: Romanesque
 one of the most impressive Norman Romanesque style in Europe
 had a reciprocal influence on the architecture of Normady
 the rib vault covering of Durham Cathedral is the oldest example that has
survived
Buckingham Palace
Architect: sir George Goring
 built during the reign of king James I
CHINA, TURKEY, ITALY, INDIA AND SPAIN ARCHITECTURE
Temple of Heaven
Location: China
 700 acre enclosure built by the Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle (Yung-Io)
 means “Perpetual Help”
Hagia Sofia
532 to 537
Architect: Isidoros and Anthemios
Location: Istanbul, Turkey
Building type: church
Construction system: bearing masonry
Style: Byzantine
 a tremendous domed space
 built as the new Cathedral of Constantinople by the Emperor Justinian
 a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture
 additional minarets when the church became a mosque
Cathedral of Siena
 Location: Southern Italy
 incorporated Gothic elements in a
strongly Mediterranean design
Pisa Cathedral
103 to 1350
Location: Pisa, Italy
Building type: church complex
Construction system: bearing masonry, cut
stone, white marble
Style: Romanesque
 "Pisa Cathedral with Baptistery,
Campanile and Campo Santo, together form
one of the most famous building groups in
the world
 the cathedral complex includes the famous Leaning Tower, La Torre
Pendente
 white marble with colonnaded facades
Florence Cathedral
1296 to 1462
Architect: Arnolfo di Cambio
Location: Florence, Italy
Building type: domed church, cathedral
Construction system: bearing
masonry
Style: Italian Romanesque
 1296: Cathedral begun on
design by Arnolfo di Cambio
 1357: Project continued on a
modified plan by Francesco
Talenti
 1366-7: Talenti's definitive
design emerged calling for an enormous octagonal dome
 1418: competition for construction of dome.
 1420: technical solution for vaulting proposed by Brunelleschi approved
and construction begun
 The Duomo – dome added by Brunelleschi
 1436— church consecrated
Krak des Chevaliers
1150 to 1250
Location: Syria
Building type: fort
Style: Medieval
 crusader castle
 the best preserved and most wholly admirable castle in the world
Alhambra
1338 to 1390
Location: Granada, Spain
Building type: palace
Construction system: bearing masonry
Style: Moorish (Islamic)
 palace of Nasrid Dynasty
 the most beautiful remaining example of Western Islamic Architecture
 built as a cathedral in the mid-1200’s
 “hall of justice”: noted from its elaborate stalactite (maqarnas)
decoration
Casa Batllo
1905 to 1907
Architect: Antonio Gaudi
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Building type: apartment building
Construction system: concrete
 Style: Expressionist or Art Nouveau
 uses animal styles al through-out the Taj Mahal
structure 1630 to 1653
Architect: Emperor Shah Jahan
Location: Agra, India
Building type: Islamic tomb
Construction system: bearing masonry, inlaid marble
Style: Islamic
 onion-shape domes, flanking towers, built for wife Mumatz Mahal
 located on the Jumna River
Casa Mila  museum for Mogul emperor’s consort
1905 to 1910
Architect: Antonio Gaudi
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Building type: multifamily housing
Construction system: masonry and
concrete
Style: Art Nouveau
 expressionistic, fantastic, organic
forms in undulating facade and roof line
 light courth
 it could be compared with the steep
cliff walls in which African tribes build
their cave-like dwellings

Sagrada Familia
1882 to 1926
Architect: Antonio Gaudi
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Building type: church
Construction system: masonry
Style: Expressionist
 Church of the Holy Family
 uncompleted during Gaudi’s lifetime
 crowned by four spires