Ericsson LTE FDD Idle Mode Behavior

Ericsson LTE Radio
Network Functionality
- Idle Mode Behavior

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Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the UE behaviors in RRC idle mode
 Describe the Cell Selection procedure
 Describe the Cell Reselection procedure of prioritized

based Cell Reselection
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Contents
 Idle Mode Overview
 PLMN selection
 Cell Selection & Reselection
 Intra-Freq/Inter-Freq Cell Reselection
Idle Mode Behavior
 A UE that is powered on but does not have an RRC connection to the
radio network is considered to be in idle mode
 Idle mode management can increase the access success rate, improve
the quality of service, and ensure that UEs camp on cells with good RX
signal levels and qualities
 Correct configuration of Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) identities

and cell selection and cell reselection criteria is essential to ensure
good network coverage and can assist in load balancing and in tuning
network performance.
RRC State
Connection Re-activation
RRC IDLE
(EMM REGISTERED)
RRC(EMM
- CONNECTED
- REGISTERED)
MME- initiated
Connection Release
 In LTE, there are two RRC States, RRC Idle and RRC Connected state.
 A UE that is powered after camping-on a cell but does not have an

RRC connection to the radio network is considered to be in idle mode.
 The main differences between these RRC States is whether there is RRC
Connection established from UE to Network.
Idle Mode Overview
 The idle mode tasks can
be subdivided into four
processes:
- PLMN selection;
- Cell selection and
reselection;
- Location registration;
-Support for manual CSG
ID selection.
- Paging Procedure
Figure: Overall Idle Mode process
Contents
 PLMN Selection
PLMN Selection
Contents
 PLMN selection
Cell Selection and Reselection
 The UE shall use one of the following two cell selection procedures:
a) Initial Cell Selection

This procedure requires no prior knowledge of which RF channels are E-
UTRA carriers. The UE shall scan all RF channels in the E-UTRA bands
according to its capabilities to find a suitable cell.
b) Stored Information Cell Selection

This procedure requires stored information of carrier frequencies and
optionally also information on cell parameters, from previously received
measurement control information elements or from previously detected
cells. If no suitable cell is found the Initial Cell Selection procedure shall
be started.
Cell Selection and Reselection
go here whenever
a new PLMN is selected
cell information no cell information
stored for the PLMN 1 stored for the PLMN
Stored Information Initial

Cell Selection no suitable cell found Cell Selection
no suitable
Cell found
2
suitable cell found
Cell Selection when

leaving connected suitable cell found
mode Camped suitable cell found
Normally
return to Leave Idle Mode
Idle Mode Selected PLMN
Suitable is rejected
trigger Cell found go here
Connected When no USIM
Mode in the UE
Cell Reselection no suitable Any Cell
Evaluation Process Cell found Selection
no acceptable cell found USIM inserted
Cell Selection when Acceptable Acceptable

leaving connected Camped on Cell Found 1
Cell found
mode any cell
Suitable
Cell found 2
return to leave
Idle Mode Acceptable
Idle Mode trigger Cell found
Connected Mode
(Emergency calls only) Cell Reselection no acceptable
Evaluation Process Cell Found
To Next Slide
Stored information for cell selection in
automatic mode
The UE searches for the cell with

the
Thestrongest
UE readssignal.
the system
information for the PLMN identity
(mnc and mcc) on the strongest
signal cell. If the UE finds a
suitable cell, it tries to register.
When the UE is switched on it

checks if it is possible to camp on If the registration is not successful,
the last registered PLMN. the UE scans all the carrier
To speed up the PLMN selection frequencies that are stored on the
procedure the UE uses information USIM (repeat step 2-3).
about the last registered PLMN
such as carrier frequency.
Initial cell selection in automatic mode
Searches for the cell with the
Home strongest
PLMN,signal in order selected,
if not previously
to find an available PLMN according
on a carrier tofrequency.
the Radio Access
Technologies (RATs) supported by the
UE. If an EHPLMN (Equivalent HPLMN)
list is present, the highest priority
Each PLMN in the user-controlled PLMN
EHPLMN thatis available is chosen
list in the USIM, if present, in order of
priority, according to the RATs supported
by theScans
UE. all RF frequencies (repeat
step 5).
Each PLMN in the operator-controlled
PLMN list in the USIM, in order of priority,
according to the RATs supported by the
UE.
Other PLMNs, according to the high-
quality criterion, in random order. A PLMN
is considered to be a high-quality if the
RSRP is ≥The -110 dBm. PLMNs are put in
available
Other PLMNs,a list in
in order
priorityoforder. The UE
decreasing
selects the highest ranked
signal strength.
PLMN and tries to register.
PLMN selection in manual mode
The UE displays those PLMNs that are allowed as
well as those that are not allowed based on the
The UE scans all RF channels and searches strongest signal cell on each frequency.
for the strongest cell signal on each carrier.
The user can select a PLMN manually from the list.
Cell Search
Slot synchronization
(via P-SCH)
Frame synchronization and

PCI identification
(via S-SCH)
Reference signal
measurement and BCH
decoding
(to read Sys. info)
Cell Search
Subframe
PSS0
PSS1
PSS2
Correlation
Device can identify Cell ID and
frame timing
System Information Broadcast
System
Information Content
MIB Downlink channel bandwidth, PHICH configuration, SFN
PLMN id, TAC, cell selection parameter, frequency band, cell barring,
SIB 1 scheduling information for other SIB
Access calls barring, RACH, BCCH, PCCH, PRACH, PDSCH, PUSCH, PUCCH
SIB 2 parameters, UE timers and constant, uplink carrier frequency
SIB 3 Cell reselection parameter
SIB 4 Intra frequency/neighbouring cell information for cell reselection
SIB 5 Inter frequency/neighbouring cell information for cell reselection
SIB 6 UMTS neighbouring cell information for cell reselection
SIB 7 GERAN neighbouring cell information for cell reselection
SIB 8 CDMA2000 neighbouring cell information for cell reselection
SIB 9 Home eNode B Name
SIB 10 Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System primary notification
SIB 11 Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System secondary notification

Example of mapping to channels
 SIBs are mapping into PDSCH: SIB1 and SIB2 are mandatory and others
are optional.
MIB: 40ms and SIB1: 80ms are fixed and others are flexible
MIB SIB1 SIB2 SIB3 SIB4 SIB5 …
SI SI
BCCH BCCH BCCH
BCH DL-SCH DL-SCH

TTI= 40 TTI=80 TTI= 160 TTI= 320
PBCH PDSCH PDSCH

Master information block (MIB)
Repeated MIB New MIB
10ms
Slot Slot
1 2
4 OFDMA Symbols
 Resource elements used by MIB are the first 4 OFDMA symbols of second
slot of first subframe of a radio frame.
 On frequency domain it occupies 72 subcarriers.

Cell Reselection Procedure
 The signal strength of both serving cell and neighboring cells varies
with the movement of a UE and so the UE needs to select the most
suitable cell to camp on. This process is called cell reselection.
 Cell reselection process:
- Measurement start criteria: Start the measurement for the

neighboring cells
- Cell reselection criteria: Rank the measured cells based on radio

signal quality and priorities.
Cell Selection Criteria (S Criteria)
The cell selection criteria fulfillment is based on

Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0.
where:
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) - Pcompensation
Squal = Qqualmeas - (Qqualmin + Qqualminoffset)
If RSRQ based evaluation is not supported, the cell selection criteria

fulfillment is based on Srxlev > 0.
Cell Selection Criteria (S-Criterion)
Cell Selection Criteria Parameters
Intra Frequency Measurement
 If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is not
configured, the UE performs intra frequency measurements always.
 If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is

configured:
- Srxlev > SIntraSearch and Squal > SIntraSearchQ the UE dose not
perform intra frequency measurement
- Srxlev ≤SintraSearch or Squal ≤ SIntraSearchQ, the UE perform

intra frequency measurement
Priorities of Inter Frequency and Inter
RAT Cell Reselection
 Inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement is frequency priority based,
depending on relative priority between serving and neighbor cell, UE
performs measurement according to corresponding mechanism
- Note: For different frequency cell, we must configure the priority, either
be the same or different, otherwise, the UE can not perform inter-
frequency/inter-RAT cell selection.
Qrxlevmin Consideration
 What is Qrxlevmin??
“The minimum RSRP for a UE to be allowed to camp on a cell.”
 Many of the LTE Mobility Parameters and thresholds are set based
on the initial value for Qrxlevmin. Typical networks range from -118 to
-130dBm (RSRP).
 Other parameters are set also relative to Qrxlevmin.

Page 28
Qrxlevmin Calculation
 2x20W with 75 RB @ 100% = 16.5dBm per RS
 2x40W with 75 RB @ 75% = 18.2dBm per RS*
*(similar to tried and tested 2x20W for 10Mhz and 2x40 for 20Mhz)
 Qrxlevimn = PRS – Max Lsa
 Qrxlevmin = 18.2dBm – xxx dBm (link budget number, need to calculate)
 Qrxlevmin = -yyy dBm

Page 29
Link Budget
 Based on Link Budget Assuming UL Limited Cell Edge Bit Rate =
256kbps
*Assuming Dense Urban Model Calculations

 Max Cell Edge Lsa = ~136.6dBm
 Qrxlevimn = PRS – Max Lsa *deployment guide ALEX
 Qrxlevmin = 18.2dBm – 136.6dBm
 Estimated Qrxlevmin = -118.4 dBm (-118 to -120 dBm is safe)
 Recommended Testing in Golden Cluster Field to confirm acceptable

levels.
**For the UL Link Budget with minimum cell edge bit rate of 128kbps gives a Qrxlevimn
around -122dBm. (Assuming Dense Urban Model Calculation)

Page 30
Contents
 PLMN selection
UE Measurement
 When are UE Measurements performed in Idle Mode?
 The decision of when Intra-frequency measurements are performed to a

lower or equal priority cell is made using the parameter SIntraSearch.
 The decision of when Inter-frequency or IRAT measurements are

performed to a lower or equal priority is made using the parameter
SNonIntraSearch.
 Therefore when Srxlev < (sNonIntraSearch or SIntraSearch) UE measures

for lower or equal priority cells.
Where by: Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) –

Pcompensation
*Qrxlevmin (RSRP) is only considered here. Neglecting Qrxlevminoffset and Pcompensation

from the equation.
 Higher Priority Cells: are always measured at regular intervals by the UE.
Priority Based Cell Re-Selection Inter/IRAT
- Low to High
treSelection
Lower Priority Cell
Higher Priority Cell

B
Qrxlevmin + A
ThreshXHigh
QrRxlevmin
(-122 dBm)
Srxlev = Measured RSRP (qRxLevmeas ) -
qRxLevMin
UE always searching for higher prioritized layers at
reguler intervals. Srxlev > 0 is a must for suitable cell
 Point A – Criteria for High Priority Target Cell qRxlLevmeas > qRxLevMin +
ThreshXHigh has now been met reselection timer starts.
 Point B – Cell Re-selection to Higher Priority Cell is made after treSelection
period while Higher priority cell stays above qRxlLevmeas > Qrxlevmin +
ThreshXHigh
Page 33
Inter Frequency/RAT Measurement
Criteria
 For the neighbors with higher priority
- The UE always perform inter frequency /RAT
measurement
 For the neighbor with lower or equal priority
- If the threshold is not configured, the UE always perform inter
frequency/RAT measurement
- If the threshold is configured :
 When Srxlev > SNonIntraSearch and Squal > SNonIntraSearchQ,
UE does not perform inter frequency/RAT measurement
 When Srxlev ≤ SnonIntraSearch or Squal ≤ SNonIntraSearchQ UE
perform inter frequency /RAT measurement
Priority Based Cell Re-selection Inter/IRAT
- High to Low
tReselectionutra
Srxlev D
(qRxLevMin +
sNonIntraSearch) A Higher Priority Cell
=-120+6 = -114dBm
Lower Priority Cell
C
Threshx,low
Threshx,low (6dB/Utran; 10 dB/Geran)

B
Utran -115 + 6 = -109 dBm
GSM900 -110 + 10 = -100 dBm; GSM1800 -104 + 10
= -94 dBm
Threshserving,low (4 dB) Srxlev = Measured RSRP (qRxLevmeas ) -
Qrxlevmin
(-120 + 4 = -116 dBm)
QrRxlevmin (- Srxlev > 0 is a must for suitable cell
122 dBm)
 Point A – Trigger to start measuring Inter frequency or IRAT Frequency. (Srxlev <
sNonIntrasearch)
 Point B – 1st Criteria for Serving cell Srxlev < Threshservinglow, can now attempt to
connect to Lower Priority cell.
 Point C – 2nd Criteria for the Lower priority Target Cell SrxLev > ThreshXLow has now
been met, tReselectionutra timer starts.
 Point D – Lower priority cell signal must be above threshold for a period of time
tReselectionutra then
Copyright © 2013 theTechnologies
Huawei UE will reselect to rights
Co., Ltd. All lower cell.
reserved.
Page 35
Intra Frequency/ Equal-Priority Cell
Reselection Criteria
Serving cell Neighbor cell
R_N > R_S

R_N= Qmeas,n – CellQoffset
R_S= Qmeas,s + Qhyst
Priority Base CELL RESELCTION (INTRA)
– Equal
Srxlev
tReslectionEutra
Serving Cell (2S)
A C
QrRxlevmin (-122
dBm) +
sIntraSearch (62 dB) B
= -58 dBm Equal-priority cell re-selection
qHyst (4 dB)
Target Cell
QrRxlevmin (-
122 dBm)
 Point A – Trigger to start measuring Interfrequency Target Cells. (Srxlev <

sIntrasearch (62 dB)
 Point B – Target cell signal strength becomes stronger than Serving Cell by Qhyst
(4 dB), tReslectionEutra (2S) timer is started.
 Point C – Target cell signal must be above QHyst threshold for a period of time
tReselectionEutra then the UE will reselect to target cell.
Page 37
UE in IDLE Mode
L2600  L1800/L700  L2600
threshServingLow = 20
L1800/L700 L2600 > -100dBm threshXHigh = 22
Priority L2600 < -102dBm & threshXLow = 22
L1800 > -100dBm threshXLow = 22
L700 > -100dBm
7 L2600 (20M)
L1800  L700
L1800 < -102dBm & threshServingLow = 20
L700 > -114dBm threshXLow = 8
Out of LTE
coverage
6 L1800 (15M)
LTE  WCDMA
L700  L1800 L26 LTE < -102dBm threshServingLow =20
L1800 > -100dBm L18 LTE < -102dBm threshServingLow = 20
threshXHigh = 22 L7 LTE < -116dBm threshServingLow = 6
WCDMA > -105dBm
5 L700 (10M)
With LTE WCDMA (Huawei)  LTE

coverage LTE > -110dBm
3 WCDMA (F1)

UE in Idle mode
L700 = 10M, L1800 = 15M, L2600 = 20M
Ran
ge Defaul
MO Class
Parameter Name and t Unit L700 setting L1800 setting L2600 setting
Name
Valu Value
es
EUtranFreqRelation L700=5 EUtranFreqRelation L700=5 EUtranFreqRelation L700=5

EUtranFreqR
cellReselectionPriority 0..7 7 EUtranFreqRelation L1800=6 EUtranFreqRelation L1800=6 EUtranFreqRelation L1800=6
elation

EUtranFreqR
threshXHigh 0..62 4 dB EUtranFreqRelation L1800=22 EUtranFreqRelation L1800=4 EUtranFreqRelation L1800=4
elation

EUtranFreqR
threshXLow 0..62 0 dB EUtranFreqRelation L1800=0 EUtranFreqRelation L1800=0 EUtranFreqRelation L1800=22
elation
- EUtranFreqRelation L700=-122 EUtranFreqRelation L700=-122 EUtranFreqRelation L700=-122

EUtranFreqR
qRxLevMin 140.. -140 dBm EUtranFreqRelation L1800=-122 EUtranFreqRelation L1800=-122 EUtranFreqRelation L1800=-122
elation
-44 EUtranFreqRelation L2600=-122 EUtranFreqRelation L2600=-122 EUtranFreqRelation L2600=-122
-
EUtranCellF
qRxLevMin 140.. -140 dBm -122 -122 -122
DD
-44
EUtranCellF
threshServingLow 0..62 0 dB 6 20 20
DD
UtranFreqRe
threshXLow 0..62 0 dB 10 10 10
lation
-
UtranFreqRe
qRxLevMin 119.. -119 dBm -115 -115 -115
lation
-25
UtranFreqRelation1 =3 UtranFreqRelation1 =3 UtranFreqRelation1 =3
UtranFreqRe
cellReselectionPriority 0..7 6 UtranFreqRelation2 =2 UtranFreqRelation2 =2 UtranFreqRelation2 =2
lation
UtranFreqRelation3 =1 UtranFreqRelation3 =1 UtranFreqRelation3 =1

Reference
 All content and pictures in the material is referred to Ericsson LTE Radio
Network Functionality document
Thank you
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Ericsson LTE Radio

- Idle Mode Behavior

Please click the hyperlink to download the original document：

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Describe the UE behaviors in RRC idle mode

 Describe the Cell Selection procedure

 Describe the Cell Reselection procedure of prioritized

 Cell Selection & Reselection

 Intra-Freq/Inter-Freq Cell Reselection

 Correct configuration of Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) identities

 A UE that is powered after camping-on a cell but does not have an

Figure: Overall Idle Mode process

 Cell Selection & Reselection

 Intra-Freq/Inter-Freq Cell Reselection

 Cell Selection & Reselection

 Intra-Freq/Inter-Freq Cell Reselection

a) Initial Cell Selection

b) Stored Information Cell Selection

Stored Information Initial

Cell Selection when

no acceptable cell found USIM inserted

Cell Selection when Acceptable Acceptable

The UE searches for the cell with

When the UE is switched on it

The user can select a PLMN manually from the list.

Frame synchronization and

SIB 11 Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System secondary notification

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MIB SIB1 SIB2 SIB3 SIB4 SIB5 …

BCCH BCCH BCCH

BCH DL-SCH DL-SCH

PBCH PDSCH PDSCH

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Cell reselection process:

- Measurement start criteria: Start the measurement for the

- Cell reselection criteria: Rank the measured cells based on radio

The cell selection criteria fulfillment is based on

If RSRQ based evaluation is not supported, the cell selection criteria

 If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is

- Srxlev ≤SintraSearch or Squal ≤ SIntraSearchQ, the UE perform

“The minimum RSRP for a UE to be allowed to camp on a cell.”

 Other parameters are set also relative to Qrxlevmin.

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 2x40W with 75 RB @ 75% = 18.2dBm per RS*

 2x40W with 75 RB @ 100% = 19.5dBm per RS

 2x60W with 75 RB @ 100% = 21.2dBm per RS

 Qrxlevimn = PRS – Max Lsa

 Qrxlevmin = 18.2dBm – xxx dBm (link budget number, need to calculate)

 Qrxlevmin = -yyy dBm

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

*Assuming Dense Urban Model Calculations

 Qrxlevimn = PRS – Max Lsa *deployment guide ALEX

 Qrxlevmin = 18.2dBm – 136.6dBm

 Estimated Qrxlevmin = -118.4 dBm (-118 to -120 dBm is safe)

 Recommended Testing in Golden Cluster Field to confirm acceptable

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Cell Selection & Reselection

 Intra-Freq/Inter-Freq Cell Reselection

 The decision of when Intra-frequency measurements are performed to a

 The decision of when Inter-frequency or IRAT measurements are

 Therefore when Srxlev < (sNonIntraSearch or SIntraSearch) UE measures

Where by: Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) –

*Qrxlevmin (RSRP) is only considered here. Neglecting Qrxlevminoffset and Pcompensation