Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Enhancing Smart Irrigation System based on IoT

Dr. S.Harshavardhan Naidu1
M.Vinodhini2
U.Vasundhara3
P.Priya4
Associate Professor and Students
Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College

Abstract:- Smart irrigation systems based on the
Internet of Things (IoT) have gained significant attention
in recent years due to their potential to increase
efficiency and reduce water consumption in agriculture.
In this system, IoT sensors are used to collect data on soil
moisture, weather conditions, and other relevant factors,
which is then analyzed by a control system to determine
the optimal irrigation schedule. This results in improved
crop yields, reduced water waste, and lower costs for
farmers. This paper provides an overview of the design,
implementation, and performance of a smart irrigation
system based on IoT, including its architecture, sensors,
communication protocols, and control algorithms. The
results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in
improving irrigation efficiency and crop yields while
reducing water consumption.
Keywords:- Internet of Things, Smart irrigation, Arduino
Uno , Smart Agriculture.
I. INTRODUCTION
The increasing demand for food production to meet the
needs of the growing population has put significant pressure
on water resources. Irrigation accounts for a large proportion
of global water consumption, making it a critical area for
water conservation and efficiency improvement. Smart
irrigation systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT) have
emerged as a promising solution to this challenge. These
systems utilize IoT sensors and control systems to optimize
irrigation scheduling and reduce water waste, thereby
improving crop yields and reducing costs for farmers.
a combination of hardware and software components,
including IoT sensors, communication protocols, and
control algorithms.
The first step in the design process was to identify the
sensors required to collect data on soil moisture levels,
weather conditions, and other relevant factors. We selected
sensors based on their accuracy, reliability, and
compatibility with the IoT platform used in the system. The
sensors were installed in the field and connected to a central
control system through wireless communication protocols.
The control system was designed to process the data
collected by the sensors and determine the optimal irrigation
schedule based on pre-defined rules and algorithms. The
system used machine learning techniques to analyze the data
and adjust the irrigation schedule in real-time to respond to
changing environmental conditions.
After the system was designed and implemented, we
conducted a performance evaluation to assess its
effectiveness in improving irrigation efficiency and crop
yields. The evaluation involved comparing the performance
of the smart irrigation system with that of a traditional
irrigation system based on manual scheduling.
To evaluate the performance of the system, we
measured the amount of water used, the crop yields, and the
overall efficiency of the irrigation process. The results
showed that the smart irrigation system based on IoT was
significantly more efficient in terms of water usage and crop
yields compared to the traditional irrigation system.

In this paper, we present an overview of a smart

irrigation system based on IoT, which can help address the
issues of water scarcity and food security. The system
collects real-time data on soil moisture levels, weather
conditions, and other relevant factors through IoT sensors,
which is then processed by a control system to determine the
optimal irrigation schedule. By using this approach, farmers
can save water resources and reduce the environmental
impact of their operations while improving the quality and
quantity of their crops.

II. METHODOLOGY

The methodology of our study involved designing,

implementing, and evaluating a smart irrigation system
based on IoT. The system architecture was developed using Fig 1 Block Diagram

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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023
III. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
 Arduino Uno
Arduino is a tool for building computers that are more
physically aware and capable than a desktop computer. It is
a physical computing platform that is open-source and based
on a straightforward microcontroller board, together with a
development environment for creating applications for the
board. We will employ an Arduino Uno in our project. An
ATmega328-based microcontroller board is the Arduino
Uno. It contains 6 analogue inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB port, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button. It also has 14 digital input/output pins, six of
which can be used as PWM outputs. Simply use a USB
cable to connect to a computer or an AC-to-DC power
adapter to power it; it comes with everything needed to
support the microcontroller.
 Soil Moisture Sensor
A soil moisture sensor is an electronic device that
measures the moisture content in soil. It is commonly used
in various applications such as agriculture,gardening, and
environmental monitoring to determine when to water plants
or crops. The sensor provides information about the
moisture level in the soil, enabling users to make informed
decisions regarding irrigation and water management.Soil
moisture sensors are designed to be inserted into the soil at
the desired depth. The sensor consists of one or more
electrodes that come in contact with the soil. The electrodes
detect the electrical or dielectric properties of the soil, which
are then converted into a moisture reading.
 Humidity Sensor
A humidity sensor, also known as a hygrometer, is a
device that measures the moisture content or relative
humidity (RH) in the air. Humidity sensors are used in
various applications, including weather monitoring, HVAC
systems, industrial processes, and consumer electronics.
They provide valuable data about the moisture levels in the
environment, enabling control systems to make informed
decisions and adjustments. Humidity sensors come in
various forms, including standalone sensors, integrated
modules, or integrated into other devices. They consist of a
sensing element or a combination of sensing elements, along
with supporting circuitry for signal processing and output.
 PIR Sensor
A PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor, also known as a
motion sensor or motion detector, is a device that detects the
presence of humans or animals by sensing changes in
infrared radiation emitted by objects in its field of view. PIR
sensors are widely used in various applications, including
security systems, automatic lighting systems, and energy-
saving devices. Here are some key aspects of PIR
sensors.PIR sensors find applications in security systems to
detect intruders, triggering alarms or notifying authorities.
They are also used in automatic lighting systems to turn on
lights when motion is detected, improving energy efficiency.
Additionally, PIR sensors can be integrated into home
automation systems, occupancy detection systems, and other
applications where motion detection is required.
IJISRT23JUN983 www.ijisrt.com
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Power Supply:
The power supply provides the necessary electrical
power to the entire system. It typically converts an AC
power source (such as mains power) to the appropriate DC
voltage required for the components.
Fig 2 Component set up
IV. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
 Arduino IDE Software
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment
(IDE) is a software platform used to write and upload code
to Arduino microcontroller boards. It is available for free
download and can be used on Windows, Mac OS X, and
Linux operating systems.
The Arduino IDE provides a simple, user-friendly
interface that makes it easy to write, compile, and upload
code to an Arduino board. It includes a code editor with
syntax highlighting, automatic code completion, and error
highlighting, making it easy to write and debug code.
The IDE also includes a serial monitor that allows you
to view the output of your Arduino board and send data to it
in real-time. This can be especially useful when developing
projects that interact with sensors or other hardware.
In addition to the basic features, the Arduino IDE can
be extended with a variety of plugins and libraries to add
functionality and make programming easier. Overall, it is a
versatile and powerful tool for developing projects with
Arduino boards.
V. RESULTS
Overall, the results of the project demonstrated the
successful enhancement of the smart irrigation system based
on IoT. By incorporating Arduino with soil moisture,
humidity, and PIR sensors, the system achieved efficient
water usage, improved irrigation practices, and promoted
sustainable agriculture. The project's outcomes lay the
foundation for further advancements in precision agriculture
and the widespread adoption of IoT-based smart irrigation
systems.
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VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
In this project, we successfully enhanced a Smart
Irrigation System based on IoT by incorporating Arduino
with soil moisture, humidity, and PIR sensors. The goal was
to optimize water usage in agriculture and improve
irrigation practices using real-time data and automated
control.Through the implementation of the IoT
infrastructure, we were able to collect and analyze data from
the sensors, providing valuable insights into the soil
moisture levels, humidity conditions, and presence of human
activity in the vicinity of the irrigation system.
In conclusion, this project demonstrated the potential
of IoT-based Smart Irrigation Systems in enhancing water
efficiency and promoting sustainable agriculture. By
integrating Arduino with soil moisture, humidity, and PIR
sensors, we successfully developed a system that optimizes
irrigation practices based on real-time data. This project
opens doors for further advancements in the field of
precision agriculture, contributing towards the goal of
achieving efficient resource management and increased crop
productivity.
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