VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

B.TECH. (CHEMICAL) SEMESTER – VI

ENDSEM EXAMINATION (May 04, 2022)
SUBJECT: TRANSPORT PHENOMENA (CML 352)
TIME: 2.0 HOUR MAX. MARKS: 35

All Questions are compulsory

Q1) Two immiscible, incompressible liquids are flowing in the z direction in a horizontal thin slit of length L
(𝑃0 −𝑃𝐿 )
and width W under the influence of a horizontal pressure gradient The fluid flow rates are adjusted so
𝐿

that the slit is (3/4)th filled with fluid I ( 𝜌𝐼 , 𝜇 𝐼 ) (the more dense phase) and (1/4)th filled with fluid II (𝜌𝐼𝐼 , 𝜇 𝐼𝐼 )
(the less dense phase). The fluids are flowing sufficiently slowly that no instabilities occur-that is, that the
interface remains exactly planar. Find the momentum-flux and velocity distributions for this flow of
immiscible fluids using shell mass balance approach considering origin as given in figure Q1.
Consider for the above given case, fluid I ( 𝜌𝐼 = 1 𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚3 , 𝜇 𝐼 = 0.01 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒) and fluid II ( 𝜌𝐼𝐼 = 0.9 𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚3 ,
𝜇 𝐼𝐼 = 0.05 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒) with horizontal pressure gradient of 10 N/m3. Calculate mass flow rate per unit width of
fluid I and fluid II, momentum flux at upper plate and lower plate and the location of maximum velocity form
top plate if distance between two plates is 12 mm. (7+5)

Q2) Consider system shown in figure Q2 in which liquid A is evaporating into gas mixture A-B. The liquid
level z1 is continuously decreasing because of evaporation. A stream of gas mixture A-B of concentration XA2
flows slowly past the top of the tube, to maintain the mole fraction of A at XA2 for z = z2. The entire system
is kept at constant temperature and pressure so as to have saturation concentration at XA1. Gases A and B are
assumed to be ideal. If mixture of that A and B form an ideal gas mixture and that the solubility of gas B in
liquid A is negligible, derive the expression for concentration profile, flux profile and time variation of height
of liquid (6)

Figure Q1
Figure Q2
Q3) Derive the flux profile for a case discussed in Q2 neglecting convective flux. Estimate the error caused
in diffusivity calculation due to neglecting convective flux for two cases XA1=0.085, XA2=0.01 and XA1=0.17,
XA2=0.01 (5)

Q4) Heat is flowing through an annular wall of inside radius ri and outside radius ro. The thermal conductivity
varies linearly with temperature from ki at Ti to ko at To. Develop an expression for the heat flow through the
wall. Show how this expression can be simplified when (ro - ri)/ri is very small. (5)

1
Q5) Consider an electric wire of circular cross section with radius R and electrical conductivity ke .
𝑜ℎ𝑚.𝑐𝑚
𝑎𝑚𝑝
Through this wire there is an electric current with current density I 𝑐𝑚2 . The transmission of an electric current

is an irreversible process, and some electrical energy is converted into heat (thermal energy). The rate of heat
production per unit volume is given by the expression as below. If the air temperature around non insulated
wire is maintain at temperature Tair and temperature variation in wire is small to have effect on thermal
conductivity k and electrical conductivity ke, and heat transfer coefficient is h. Derive the temperature profile
and heat flux profile equation using shell energy balance approach
I2 E
Se  Where I  ke where Se is heat production per unit volume & E is voltage drop over a length L
ke L
(5)
Q6) A copper wire has a radius of 3 mm and a length of 4 m. For what voltage drop would the temperature
rise at the wire axis be 4.85°C, if the surface temperature of the wire is 20°C?
2
k -8 Volt
Given: For copper, the Lorenz number at 20°C is  2.23 X 10 (2)
k eTo K2