1 - Molecular Flux

12-01-2023
Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena
Marks distribution
Mid term : 25
Final Examination : 35
Assignment and class test,
Engineering correlation test,
Attendance, Viva : 40
Marks distribution may change as per Institute

instructions

Unit I (4 hrs) Unit II(8 hrs)
Similarity between heat, momentum and mass Inter-phase Transport and Transport Coefficients,
transport and mass transport Molecular and Physical Interpretation of Friction Factor, Heat
Convective Transport, Definition of Transport Transfer Coefficient, Mass Transfer Coefficient,
Properties, Viscosity, Thermal Conductivity, Dimensionless Numbers in inter-phase Transport.
Diffusivity, Newton’s Law of Viscosity, Fourier’s Various Transport Analogies, The Reynolds
Law of Heat Conduction, Fick’s First Law of Analogy, The Chilton-Colburn Analogy
Diffusion, Dimensionless Numbers in Molecular
Transport, Convective transport and total flux. Evaluation of transfer coefficient: Engineering
Correlations
1
12-01-2023

Unit III(6 hrs) Unit IV (6 hrs)
Shell Momentum Balances and Velocity Shell Energy Balances and Temperature Distributions
Distributions in Laminar Flow. Shell Momentum in Solids and Laminar Flow. Shell Energy Balances;
Balances and Boundary condition. Different cases Boundary Conditions. Different cases for discussing
for discussing shell moment balance approach like, shell energy balance approach like, Heat Conduction
Flow of a Falling Film, Flow Through a Circular with an Electrical Heat Source, Heat Conduction
Tube, Flow through an Annulus, Flow of Two with a Nuclear Heat Source, Heat Conduction with a
Adjacent Immiscible Fluids. Viscous Heat Source, Heat Conduction with a
Chemical Heat Source, Heat Conduction through
Composite Walls, Heat Conduction in a Cooling Fin

Unit V (6 hrs) Unit VI (6 hrs)
Shell mass balance for Concentration Distributions in The Equations of Change for Isothermal Systems
Solids and Laminar Flow. Shell Mass Balances; The Equation of Continuity, The Equation of Motion,
Boundary Conditions, Diffusion through a Stagnant The Equation of Mechanical Energy, The Equation of
Gas Film, Diffusion with a Heterogeneous Chemical Angular Momentum, The Equations of Change in
Reaction, Diffusion with a Homogeneous Chemical Terms of the Substantial Derivative, Use of the
Reaction, Diffusion into a Falling Liquid Film (Gas Equations of Change to Solve Flow, Steady Flow in a
Absorption), Diffusion into a Falling Liquid Film Long Circular pipe, Falling Film with Variable
(Solid Dissolution), Diffusion and Chemical Reaction Viscosity, Operation of a Couette Viscometer, Shape
inside a Porous Catalyst, Diffusion in a Three- of the Surface of a Rotating Liquid, Flow near a
Component Gas System Slowly Rotating Sphere, Dimensional Analysis of the
Equations of Change
2
12-01-2023

Momentum, Heat & Mass Transfer
Bennet C.O. and J.E. Myres, McGraw Hills., 3rd Edition
Text book :
Transport Phenomena – A Unified Approach, volume 1
Brodkey Robert S.& Hershey Herry C., McGraw Hill Book Co.,
Transport Phenomena Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles
Geankoplis C.J, Prentics Hall India Ltd., 4th edition, 2003
Bird R.Byron, Stewart, Warren; Lightfoot E.N Modeling in Transport Phenomena, A Conceptual approach
John Wiley & Sons Ismail Tosun., Elesvier Science and Technology books
Revised 2nd Edition, Transport Phenomena in Liquid Extraction
Laddha G.S.; Degaleesan T.E, Tata McGraw Hill Book Co.
Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer
Rohsenow W.M. & Choi H.Y. , Prentice Hall Inc.
Transport Phenomena
Stuart J.L., John Wiley, New York., 1982 edition
Introduction to Transport Phenomena
Thomson W.J., Pearson Education Inc.
Flux
3
12-01-2023
Quantity Quantity
Flux flux  Flux flux 
Time . Area Time . Area
Quantity Quantity
Molecular Flux Molecular Flux
Convective Flux
4
12-01-2023
Quantity Quantity
Molecular Flux Molecular Flux

The fluxes arising from potential gradients or driving forces The fluxes arising from potential gradients or driving forces
are called molecular fluxes are called molecular fluxes
Convective Flux Convective Flux

The fluxes arising from bulk fluid motion or bulk flow are
called convective fluxes
Molecular Transport Molecular Transport
• Fourier’s law of heat conduction • Fourier’s law of heat conduction
• Fick’s first law of diffusion
5
12-01-2023
Molecular Transport Newton’s law of viscosity
• Newton’s law of viscosity t 0
• Fourier’s law of heat conduction
• Fick’s first law of diffusion
Newton’s law of viscosity Newton’s law of viscosity
t 0 t 0
t0 t0
6
12-01-2023

 
t 0 t 0
t0 t0

 
t 0 t 0
Differential form of equation

t0 t0
7
12-01-2023

 
t 0
Differential form of equation Differential form of equation

t0 t0

 

t0 t0
8
12-01-2023

 
Differential form of equation Units of viscosity

t0
poise(P) and centipoise (cP)

 
SI System SI System
CGS System
9
12-01-2023

 
SI System SI System
CGS System CGS System
A Newtonian fluid with a viscosity of 10 cP is placed between

two large parallel plates. The distance between the plates is 4
mm. The lower plate is pulled in the positive x-direction with a
force of 0.5 N, while the upper plate is pulled in the negative x-
direction with a force of 2 N. Each plate has an area of 2.5 m2. If
the velocity of the lower plate is 0.1 m/s, calculate:
a) The steady-state momentum flux,
b) The velocity of the upper plate.
10
12-01-2023
Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction
t 0
t 0 t 0
t0 t0
11
12-01-2023


t 0 t 0
t0 t0

 
t 0 t 0
k is thermal conductivity
t0 t0
12
12-01-2023

 
t 0 t 0
k is thermal conductivity k is thermal conductivity

Differential form of the equation Differential form of the equation
t0 t0

 
t 0 t 0
k is thermal conductivity k is thermal conductivity

Differential form of the equation Differential form of the equation
t0 t0
13
12-01-2023

One side of a copper slab receives a net heat input at a rate of One side of a copper slab receives a net heat input at a rate of
5000 W due to radiation. The other face is held at a temperature of 5000 W due to radiation. The other face is held at a temperature of
35°C. If steady-state conditions prevail, calculate the surface 35°C. If steady-state conditions prevail, calculate the surface
temperature of the side receiving radiant energy. The surface area temperature of the side receiving radiant energy. The surface area
of each face is 0.05 m2, and the slab thickness is 4 cm. of each face is 0.05 m2, and the slab thickness is 4 cm.
For copper: k = 398 W/m·K For copper: k = 398 W/m·K

One side of a copper slab receives a net heat input at a rate of One side of a copper slab receives a net heat input at a rate of
5000 W due to radiation. The other face is held at a temperature of 5000 W due to radiation. The other face is held at a temperature of
35°C. If steady-state conditions prevail, calculate the surface 35°C. If steady-state conditions prevail, calculate the surface
temperature of the side receiving radiant energy. The surface area temperature of the side receiving radiant energy. The surface area
of each face is 0.05 m2, and the slab thickness is 4 cm. of each face is 0.05 m2, and the slab thickness is 4 cm.
For copper: k = 398 W/m·K For copper: k = 398 W/m·K
14
12-01-2023
Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fick’s First Law of Diffusion

One side of a copper slab receives a net heat input at a rate of
5000 W due to radiation. The other face is held at a temperature of
35°C. If steady-state conditions prevail, calculate the surface
temperature of the side receiving radiant energy. The surface area
of each face is 0.05 m2, and the slab thickness is 4 cm.
For copper: k = 398 W/m·K
Fick’s First Law of Diffusion Fick’s First Law of Diffusion
 
15
12-01-2023
  Differential form of equation
DAB is Diffusivity of A in B DAB is Diffusivity of A in B
 Differential form of equation  Differential form of equation
Molar
Transport Concentration
flux
property gradient
16
12-01-2023
Different form of equation Different form of equation

Molar Molar
Transport Concentration Transport Concentration
flux flux
property gradient property gradient
Different form of equation Different form of equation

Molar Molar
Transport Concentration Transport Concentration
flux flux
property gradient property gradient
17
12-01-2023
Pressure and Temperature dependency of diffusivity Pressure and Temperature dependency of diffusivity

Air at atmospheric pressure and 95°C flows at 20 m/s over a flat plate
of naphthalene 80 cm long in the direction of flow and 60 cm wide.
Experimental measurements report the molar concentration of
DAB is Diffusivity of A in B naphthalene in the air, CA, as a function of distance x from the plate
as given below. Determine the molar flux of naphthalene from the
Pressure and Temperature dependency of diffusivity
plate surface under steady conditions. Diffusivity of naphthalene at
300 K is given as 0.62 X 10-5 m2/s
T & P are in SI units
Diffusivity in Order of Magnitude (m2/s)

Gas 10-5 (atmospheric condition)
Liquid 10-9
Solid 10-10-10-14
18
12-01-2023

Air at atmospheric pressure and 95°C flows at 20 m/s over a flat plate Air at atmospheric pressure and 95°C flows at 20 m/s over a flat plate
of naphthalene 80 cm long in the direction of flow and 60 cm wide. of naphthalene 80 cm long in the direction of flow and 60 cm wide.
Experimental measurements report the molar concentration of Experimental measurements report the molar concentration of
naphthalene in the air, CA, as a function of distance x from the plate naphthalene in the air, CA, as a function of distance x from the plate
as given below. Determine the molar flux of naphthalene from the as given below. Determine the molar flux of naphthalene from the
plate surface under steady conditions. Diffusivity of naphthalene at plate surface under steady conditions. Diffusivity of naphthalene at
300 K is given as 0.62 X 10-5 m2/s 300 K is given as 0.62 X 10-5 m2/s
Fick’s First Law of Diffusion

Air at atmospheric pressure and 95°C flows at 20 m/s over a flat plate
of naphthalene 80 cm long in the direction of flow and 60 cm wide.
Experimental measurements report the molar concentration of
naphthalene in the air, CA, as a function of distance x from the plate
as given below. Determine the molar flux of naphthalene from the
plate surface under steady conditions. Diffusivity of naphthalene at
300 K is given as 0.62 X 10-5 m2/s
= 2.02 X 10-6 mol/m2.s
19
12-01-2023
Momentum Transport Velocity

flux property gradient
Momentum Transport Velocity Momentum Transport Velocity

flux property gradient flux property gradient
Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction
20
12-01-2023


Energy Transport Temperature Energy Transport Temperature


Fick’s Law of Diffusion Fick’s Law of Diffusion
Molar Transport Concentration

flux property gradient
21
12-01-2023
Molecular Transport Gradient of Molecular Transport Gradient of

flux = property X driving force flux = property X driving force
Newton’s law of viscosity

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

Fick’s Law of Diffusion
Molar Transport Concentration Molar Transport Concentration




Molar Molar Transport Concentration Molar Mole per unit Molar Transport Concentration
flux flux property gradient flux volume flux property gradient
22
12-01-2023


Energy Transport Temperature Energy Energy per unit Energy Transport Temperature
flux property gradient flux volume flux property gradient
Molar Mole per unit Molar Transport Concentration Molar Mole per unit Molar Transport Concentration
flux volume flux property gradient flux volume flux property gradient


Energy Energy per unit Energy Transport Temperature Energy Energy per unit Energy Transport Temperature
23
12-01-2023

Momentum Momentum per Momentum Transport Velocity Momentum Momentum per Momentum Transport Velocity
flux unit volume flux property gradient flux unit volume flux property gradient
Energy Energy per unit Energy Transport Temperature Energy Energy per unit Energy Transport Temperature
Molecular Transport Gradient of

flux = property X driving force
Momentum Momentum per Momentum Transport Velocity Momentum Momentum per

flux unit volume flux property gradient flux unit volume
Energy Energy per unit Energy Transport Temperature Energy Energy per unit
flux volume flux property gradient flux volume
Molar Mole per unit Molar Transport Concentration Molar Mole per unit
flux volume flux property gradient flux volume
24
12-01-2023
Momentum Momentum per Momentum Momentum per

flux unit volume flux unit volume
Energy Energy per unit Energy Energy per unit

flux volume flux volume
: Mass diffusivity : Mass diffusivity
Molar Mole per unit Molar Mole per unit


: thermal diffusivity : thermal diffusivity


25
12-01-2023
: momentum diffusivity : momentum diffusivity

: thermal diffusivity : thermal diffusivity


26
12-01-2023
Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number
27
12-01-2023
28
12-01-2023
Order of magnitude

1 10
Order of magnitude Order of magnitude
29
12-01-2023

1 10 1 10
1 103 1 103
1 102
Order of magnitude Order of magnitude
Convective flux Convective flux
30
12-01-2023
for multi-component system for multi-component system
31
12-01-2023
for multi-component system for multi-component system
Total Flux Total Flux
32
12-01-2023
Total Flux
(A)
Flux
33
12-01-2023
(A) (A)
(A)
(B)
(A)
(B)
34
12-01-2023
(A) (A)
(B) (B)
Put B in A
(A) (A)
(B) (B)
Put B in A Put B in A
35
12-01-2023
36
12-01-2023
Q. Show that the force per unit area can be interpreted as the Q. Show that the force per unit area can be interpreted as the
momentum flux. momentum flux.
𝑚 𝑚
𝐹 𝑁 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
= 2= = 𝑠2 = 𝑠
𝐴 𝑚 𝑚 2 𝑚 2 2
𝑚 𝑠
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚
= = = 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥
𝑚2 𝑠 (𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎)(𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
Q. A Newtonian fluid with a viscosity of 50 cP is placed between two

Q. Show that the force per unit area can be interpreted as the
large parallel plates separated by a distance of 8 mm. Each plate has an
momentum flux.
area of 2 m2. The upper plate moves in the positive x-direction with a
velocity of 0.4 m/s while the lower plate is kept stationary.
𝑚 𝑚 a) Calculate the steady force applied to the upper plate.
𝐹 𝑁 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
= 2= = 𝑠2 = 𝑠 b) The fluid in part (a) is replaced with another Newtonian fluid of
𝐴 𝑚 𝑚 2 𝑚 2 2
𝑚 𝑠 viscosity 5 cP. If the steady force applied to the upper plate is the same
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 as that of part (a), calculate the velocity of the upper plate.
= = = 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥
𝑚2 𝑠 (𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎)(𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
37
12-01-2023
Q. A Newtonian fluid with a viscosity of 50 cP is placed between two Q. Three parallel flat plates are separated by two fluids as shown in
large parallel plates separated by a distance of 8 mm. Each plate has an the figure below. What should be the value of Y2 so as to keep the
area of 2 m2. The upper plate moves in the positive x-direction with a plate in the middle stationary?
velocity of 0.4 m/s while the lower plate is kept stationary.
a) Calculate the steady force applied to the upper plate.
b) The fluid in part (a) is replaced with another Newtonian fluid of
viscosity 5 cP. If the steady force applied to the upper plate is the same
as that of part (a), calculate the velocity of the upper plate.
Answer: a) 5 N b) 4 m/s
Q. Three parallel flat plates are separated by two fluids as shown in

Q. The steady rate of heat loss through a plane slab, which has a
the figure below. What should be the value of Y2 so as to keep the
surface area of 3 m2 and is 7 cm thick, is 72 W. Determine the
plate in the middle stationary?
thermal conductivity of the slab if the temperature distribution in the
slab is given as
where T is temperature in °C and x is the distance measured from one

side of the slab in cm.
38
12-01-2023
Q. The steady rate of heat loss through a plane slab, which has a Q. The inner and outer surface temperatures of a 20 cm thick brick
surface area of 3 m2 and is 7 cm thick, is 72 W. Determine the wall are 30 °C and −5 ° C, respectively. The surface area of the wall is
thermal conductivity of the slab if the temperature distribution in the 25 m2. Determine the steady rate of heat loss through the wall if the
slab is given as thermal conductivity is 0.72 W/m·K.
where T is temperature in °C and x is the distance measured from one

side of the slab in cm.
Q. The inner and outer surface temperatures of a 20 cm thick brick Q. Energy is generated uniformly in a 6 cm thick wall. The steady-
wall are 30 °C and −5 ° C, respectively. The surface area of the wall is state temperature distribution is
25 m2. Determine the steady rate of heat loss through the wall if the
thermal conductivity is 0.72 W/m·K.
where T is temperature in °C and z is the distance measured from one

side of the wall in meters. Determine the rate of heat generation per
unit volume if the thermal conductivity of the wall is 15 W/m·K.
39
12-01-2023
∆𝑦 Area = A ∆𝑦 Area = A
𝑞𝑦 𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 𝑞𝑦 𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦
G is heat generated per unit volume G is heat generated per unit volume
G G
Heat balance equation
G G
Heat balance equation Heat balance equation

𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 + 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = Accumulation 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 + 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = Accumulation
(𝑞𝑦 )(𝐴) − (𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 )(𝐴) + (𝐺)(A)(∆𝑦) = 0
40
12-01-2023
G G

(𝑞𝑦 )(𝐴) − (𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 )(𝐴) + (𝐺)(A)(∆𝑦) = 0 (𝑞𝑦 )(𝐴) − (𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 )(𝐴) + (𝐺)(A)(∆𝑦) = 0
(𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 ) − (𝑞𝑦 ) (𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 ) − (𝑞𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑞𝑦

(𝐺) = (𝐺) = (𝐺) =
∆𝑦 ∆𝑦 𝑑𝑦
G G

(𝑞𝑦 )(𝐴) − (𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 )(𝐴) + (𝐺)(A)(∆𝑦) = 0 (𝑞𝑦 )(𝐴) − (𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 )(𝐴) + (𝐺)(A)(∆𝑦) = 0
𝑑𝑞𝑦 𝑑𝑞𝑦 𝑑2 𝑇
(𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 ) − (𝑞𝑦 ) (𝐺) = (𝑞𝑦+∆𝑦 ) − (𝑞𝑦 ) (𝐺) = 𝐺 = −𝑘
(𝐺) = 𝑑𝑦 (𝐺) = 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
∆𝑦 ∆𝑦
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝑞𝑦 = −𝑘 𝑞𝑦 = −𝑘
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
41
12-01-2023
Q. Energy is generated uniformly in a 6 cm thick wall. The steady- Q. Energy is generated uniformly in a 6 cm thick wall. The steady-
state temperature distribution is state temperature distribution is
where T is temperature in °C and z is the distance measured from one where T is temperature in °C and z is the distance measured from one
side of the wall in meters. Determine the rate of heat generation per side of the wall in meters. Determine the rate of heat generation per
unit volume if the thermal conductivity of the wall is 15 W/m·K. unit volume if the thermal conductivity of the wall is 15 W/m·K.
𝑑2 𝑇
Q. The steady-state temperature distribution within a plane wall 1 m 𝐺 = −𝑘
𝑑𝑦 2
thick with a thermal conductivity of 8 W/m·K is measured as a
function of position as follows:
z (m) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
T (°C) 30 45.8 59.2 70.2 78.8 85 88.8 90.2 89.2 85.8 80
where z is the distance measured from one side of the wall. Determine
the uniform rate of energy generation per unit volume within the wall.
42
12-01-2023
𝑑2 𝑇 ∆2 𝑇 𝑑2 𝑇 ∆2 𝑇
𝐺 = −𝑘 𝐺 = −𝑘 𝐺 = −𝑘 𝐺 = −𝑘
𝑑𝑦 2 (∆𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦 2 (∆𝑦)2
𝑻 𝒚 ∆𝑻 ∆𝒚 ∆𝑻 ∆𝑻 ∆𝑻
−
∆𝒚 ∆𝟐 𝑻 ∆𝒚𝒚 ∆𝒚 𝒚
𝟐 𝟏
=
(∆𝒚)𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
Average
𝑑2 𝑇 ∆2 𝑇 ∆2 𝑇
𝐺 = −𝑘 𝐺 = −𝑘 𝐺 = −𝑘. 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 Q. The steady-state temperature distribution within a plane wall 1 m
𝑑𝑦 2 (∆𝑦)2 (∆𝑦)2
𝑻 𝒚 ∆𝑻 ∆𝒚 ∆𝑻 ∆𝑻
−
∆𝑻 function of position as follows:
∆𝒚 ∆𝟐 𝑻 ∆𝒚𝒚 ∆𝒚 𝒚
𝟐 𝟏
𝟐 =
(∆𝒚) 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚 𝟏 z (m) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
T (°C) 30 45.8 59.2 70.2 78.8 85 88.8 90.2 89.2 85.8 80
the uniform rate of energy generation per unit volume within the wall.
Average
43
12-01-2023
𝑑2 𝑇 ∆2 𝑇 ∆2 𝑇
𝐺 = −𝑘 𝐺 = −𝑘 𝐺 = −𝑘. 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 Q. The steady-state temperature distribution within a plane wall 1 m
𝑑𝑦 2 (∆𝑦)2 (∆𝑦)2
𝑻 𝒚 ∆𝑻 ∆𝒚 ∆𝑻 ∆𝑻
−
∆𝑻 function of position as follows:
∆𝒚 ∆𝟐 𝑻 ∆𝒚𝒚 ∆𝒚 𝒚
𝟐 𝟏
=
(∆𝒚)𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 z (m) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
30 0 15.8 0.1 158 -240 T (°C) 30 45.8 59.2 70.2 78.8 85 88.8 90.2 89.2 85.8 80
45.8 0.1 13.4 0.1 134 -240
59.2 0.2 11 0.1 110 -240
70.2 0.3 8.6 0.1 86 -240
78.8 0.4 6.2 0.1 62 -240 the uniform rate of energy generation per unit volume within the wall.
85 0.5 3.8 0.1 38 -240
88.8 0.6 1.4 0.1 14 -240
90.2 0.7 -1 0.1 -10 -240
89.2 0.8 -3.4 0.1 -34 -240
85.8 0.9 -5.8 0.1 -58
80 1
Average -240
44

1 - Molecular Flux

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

1 - Molecular Flux

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 - Molecular Flux

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

12-01-2023

Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena

Marks distribution may change as per Institute

Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena

Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena

Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena

Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena

Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena

Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena

Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena

Molecular Flux Molecular Flux

Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena

Molecular Flux Molecular Flux

Convective Flux Convective Flux

Molecular Transport Molecular Transport

• Fourier’s law of heat conduction • Fourier’s law of heat conduction

• Fick’s first law of diffusion

Molecular Transport Newton’s law of viscosity

• Newton’s law of viscosity t 0

• Fourier’s law of heat conduction

• Fick’s first law of diffusion

Newton’s law of viscosity Newton’s law of viscosity

Newton’s law of viscosity Newton’s law of viscosity

Newton’s law of viscosity Newton’s law of viscosity

Differential form of equation

Newton’s law of viscosity Newton’s law of viscosity

Differential form of equation Differential form of equation

Newton’s law of viscosity Newton’s law of viscosity

Differential form of equation Differential form of equation

Newton’s law of viscosity Newton’s law of viscosity

Differential form of equation Units of viscosity

Newton’s law of viscosity Newton’s law of viscosity

Newton’s law of viscosity Newton’s law of viscosity

CGS System CGS System

A Newtonian fluid with a viscosity of 10 cP is placed between

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

k is thermal conductivity k is thermal conductivity

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

k is thermal conductivity k is thermal conductivity

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction Fick’s First Law of Diffusion

Fick’s First Law of Diffusion Fick’s First Law of Diffusion

Fick’s First Law of Diffusion Fick’s First Law of Diffusion

  Differential form of equation

DAB is Diffusivity of A in B DAB is Diffusivity of A in B

Fick’s First Law of Diffusion Fick’s First Law of Diffusion

 Differential form of equation  Differential form of equation

DAB is Diffusivity of A in B DAB is Diffusivity of A in B

Fick’s First Law of Diffusion Fick’s First Law of Diffusion

Different form of equation Different form of equation

DAB is Diffusivity of A in B DAB is Diffusivity of A in B

Fick’s First Law of Diffusion Fick’s First Law of Diffusion