1.

Covalent bonding

Key objective 2
BONDING, STRUCTURE & THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
I can describe the key features of solids, liquids and gases as well as describe what covalent,
ionic and metallic bonds are.

I do

Millions of years ago the Earth formed as a giant ball of molten rock. The outer surface
cooled forming a thin, solid outer crust. Volcanic activity on the surface produced an
atmosphere containing the compounds carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane and water vapour.

Describe the bonding in any one of these compounds. You must include electronic structures
in your explanation.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(4)

We do

Sodium reacts with chlorine to form the compound sodium chloride. 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
Describe, in terms of electron arrangement, the type of bonding in: a molecule of chlorine;

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
You do

Lithium reacts with bromine to form the compound Lithium bromide. 2Li + Br2 →
2LiBr Describe, in terms of electron arrangement, the type of bonding in: a molecule of
Bromine;

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

Independent work

Q1.
(a)  Table 2 shows the electronic structure of hydrogen and oxygen.

Table 2

Element Electronic structure

Hydrogen 1

Oxygen 2,6

Figure 2 shows part of a dot and cross diagram of a molecule of water (H2O).

Complete the dot and cross diagram.

You should show only the electrons in the outer energy levels.

Figure 2

(2)
Oxygen and sulfur are examples of simple molecules.

(b)  Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

covalent      ionic      metallic

There are ____________________ bonds between the atoms of oxygen in an

oxygen molecule.
(1)

(c)  Figure 3 shows the relative sizes of an oxygen molecule and a sulfur molecule.

Figure 3

How does the boiling point of sulfur compare with the boiling point of oxygen?

Complete the sentences.

The boiling point of sulfur is ____________________ the boiling point of oxygen.

This is because in sulfur the intermolecular forces are ____________________

than the intermolecular forces in oxygen.

(2)
Q2.
(a)  Oxygen is in Group 6 of the periodic table.

Figure 2 shows the outer energy levels in one molecule of oxygen (O2).

Draw the electrons in the outer energy levels in Figure 2.

Figure 2

(2)

(b)  The diagram below represents one molecule of fluorine.

Complete the dot and cross diagram on the diagram above.

You should show only the electrons in the outer shells.

(2)
 (c)  A hydrogen atom contains 1 electron and a chlorine atom contains 17 electrons.

Complete Figure 1 to show a dot and cross diagram for a hydrogen chloride molecule.

Show the outer electrons only.

Figure 1

(2)
This question is about compounds of fluorine.

(d) A fluorine atom has 7 electrons in the outer shell. Figure 1 shows part of a dot and
cross diagram of a molecule of hydrogen fluoride (HF). Complete the dot and cross
diagram in Figure 1.

You should show only the electrons in the outer shells.

Figure 1

(1)
Q3.
This question is about oxygen.

(a) One oxygen atom shares one pair of electrons with each fluorine atom in oxygen difluoride
(OF2). Complete the dot and cross diagram of oxygen difluoride below. You should show only the
electrons in the outer shells.

(2)
(b) Oxygen difluoride (OF2) has a melting point of – 224 °C and a boiling point of –145 °C

What is the state of oxygen difluoride at room temperature?

Explain your answer in terms of structure and bonding.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
Q4.
This question is about ammonia (NH3).

(a) Complete the diagram to show the bonding electrons in ammonia.

Show the outer electrons only.

(2)
 (b) The bonding in iodine is similar to the bonding in chlorine.

(i) Complete the diagram below to show the bonding in iodine.

Show the outer electrons only.

(2)

(ii) Explain why iodine has a low melting point.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)

(iii) Explain, in terms of particles, why liquid iodine does not conduct electricity.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

Q5.
(a) A particle of ammonia is represented by the formula NH3 or as:

(i) How many different elements are there in a particle of ammonia?

_______________________________
(1)
 (ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

an atom.
A particle of ammonia is called an ion.
a molecule.
(1)

(iii) Complete the dot and cross bonding diagram for ammonia.

Show only electrons in the outer energy level of each atom.

(2)

Q6.
Sulfur dioxide is a gas at room temperature. The bonding in sulfur dioxide is covalent. Explain, in
terms of its structure and bonding, why sulfur dioxide has a low boiling point.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________ (3)
Challenge

Chlorine reacts with sodium and with hydrogen.

Compare the structure and bonding in sodium chloride and hydrogen chloride.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(6)
 2. Covalent bonding: Diamond and Graphite

Key objective 2
BONDING, STRUCTURE & THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
I can describe the key features of solids, liquids and gases as well as describe what
covalent, ionic and metallic bonds are.

I do
Graphite and diamond are different forms of the element carbon. Graphite and
diamond have different properties. The structures of graphite and diamond are shown
below.

Graphite is softer than diamond. Explain why.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
We do
Graphite conducts electricity, but diamond does not.

Explain why.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

You do

Explain why Diamond cannot conduct electricity, but graphite does.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
Independent task

Q1.
In graphite the carbon atoms are held together by bonds.

Figure 2 represents part of the structure of graphite.

Figure 2

(a)  How many bonds does each carbon atom have in graphite?

Use Figure 2.

Tick (✓) one box.

1 2 3 4

(1)

(b)  What type of bonds hold the carbon atoms together in graphite?

Tick (✓) one box.

Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

(1)

(c)  Lubricants allow objects to slide over each other easily.

Suggest why graphite can be used as a lubricant.

Use Figure 2.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d)  The two structures represent different forms of carbon.

Draw one line from each structure to the form of carbon.

Structure Form of carbon

Buckminsterfullerene

Diamond

Graphene

Nanotube
(2)
Q2.
Diamond has a giant covalent structure.

(a) What is the number of bonds formed by each carbon atom in diamond?

Tick (✓) one box.

2 3 4 8

(1)

(b) Give two physical properties of diamond.

1.
_________________________________________________________________

2.
_________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Name two other substances with giant covalent structures.

1.
_________________________________________________________________

2.
_________________________________________________________________
(2)

Q3.
This question is about structure and bonding.

Figure 1 shows part of the structure and bonding in diamond.

Figure 1
 Explain why diamond has a high melting point.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

Q4.
The diagrams show the structures of diamond and graphite.

Diamond Graphite

(a) Diamond and graphite both contain the same element.

What is the name of this element? ______________________________________

(1)

(b) Use the diagrams above and your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain
why:

(i) graphite is very soft

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) diamond is very hard

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
 (iii) graphite conducts electricity.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

Q5.
Scientists have recently developed a method to produce large sheets of a substance
called graphene. Graphene is made from carbon and is a single layer of graphite just
one atom thick.

The properties of graphene include:

• it conducts electricity

• it is transparent since it is only one

atom thick

• it is strong and durable.

These properties make it suitable to

overlay a monitor screen to make it a
touchscreen.

The photograph below shows the structure of graphene.

Photographs supplied by iStockphoto/Thinkstock

Use your knowledge of the bonding in graphite and the photograph of the structure to
help you to explain, as fully as you can:

(a) (i) why graphene is strong;

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ (3)

(ii) why graphene conducts electricity.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Suggest why a sheet of graphite which has a large number of carbon layers
would not be suitable for the touchscreen.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Challenge
This drill contains an electric motor.

The diagram below shows the main parts of an electric motor.

The carbon contacts are made of graphite. Springs push the contacts against the copper
ring. The contacts conduct electricity to the copper ring. The copper ring rotates rapidly
but does not stick or become worn because the graphite is soft and slippery. Graphite has
properties which are ideal for making the contacts in an electric motor.

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why graphite has these properties.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 5 marks)
 3. Metallic bonding
Key objective 2
BONDING, STRUCTURE & THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
I can describe the key features of solids, liquids and gases as well as describe what
covalent, ionic and metallic bonds are.

I do
Magnesium is a metal. Describe the structure of a metal.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

We do
Glass can be coloured using tiny particles of gold. Gold is a metal. Describe the
structure of a metal.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
You do
Copper is a metal. Describe the structure of a metal.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

Independent task

Q1.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.

(a)  Explain why steel is harder than iron.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(b)  Iron is alloyed with carbon and other metals to make stainless steel.

A stainless steel fork contains 71.92% iron.

The table below shows the mass of each element in the fork.

Element Iron Carbon Chromium Nickel

Mass of element in g X 0.05 10.44 5.80

Calculate the mass of iron (X) in the fork.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

X = __________ g
(4)

Q2.
Metals and their alloys have many uses.

(a) Dentists use a smart alloy to make braces that gently push teeth into the right
position.

What is meant by a smart alloy?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Pure copper is made up of layers of copper atoms. Brass is an alloy of copper
and zinc.

Why are the physical properties of brass different from the physical properties of
pure copper?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Nearly all zinc is obtained from ores that also contain lead. The metals zinc and
lead can be extracted by reducing their oxides using carbon.

(i) Choose one element from the box below to complete the sentence about the
reduction of zinc oxide.

lead nitrogen oxygen

Zinc oxide is reduced by carbon, which takes away _____________________

to leave zinc metal.
(1)
(ii) The melting points and boiling points of lead and zinc are given in the table.

Metal Lead Zinc

Melting point in °C 328 420

Boiling point in °C 1740 907

The furnace operates at a temperature of 1200 °C.

Suggest how the lead metal and zinc metal are separated in the furnace.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q3.
The chart below shows the metals which are present in a coin.
 (a) Identify the alloy used to make this coin.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The mass of the coin is 2.5 g.

Calculate the mass of copper in this coin.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Suggest what properties would make an alloy suitable for making a coin.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

Q4.
The Mary Rose was a wooden warship. The Mary Rose sank in 1545 but was lifted
from the sea bed in 1982. Scientists are now preserving the ship.

The image shows the Mary Rose being supported on poles. As part of the preservation
process, the ship was sprayed with water for a long time.

(a) (i) The table below gives information about two materials. These materials
could have been used to make the poles to support the Mary Rose.
 Relative
Material Density in g / cm3 Cost in £ per kg
strength

Steel 7.85 1 4

Titanium 4.51 3.9 4000

Give two advantages and one disadvantage of using titanium rather than steel.

Use only the information from the table above to answer this question.

Advantage 1 ___________________________________________________

Advantage 2 ___________________________________________________

Disadvantage __________________________________________________
(3)

(ii) The preserving process used titanium poles. Tick (✔) one other property of
titanium which made titanium a suitable choice for the poles.

Property Tick (✔)

Electrical insulator

High resistance to corrosion

Shiny
(1)

(b) Some metal objects found on the Mary Rose were made of gold or iron. Draw
one line from each metal to its usual method of extraction.

Method of
Metal
extraction

Electrolysis of
molten compound

Gold

Mined as the pure

metal from the
ground

Iron

Reduction of metal
oxide with carbon
(2)

(c) Another metal found on the Mary Rose has the chemical symbol Ag.

Name the metal with the chemical symbol Ag.

Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you answer this question.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) The Mary Rose had bronze cannons.

Bronze is an alloy made from two metals, copper and tin.

(i) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

compound mixture polymer

An alloy is a ____________________________ of metals.

(1)

(ii) 88% of a bronze alloy is copper. What percentage of the alloy is tin?

______________________________________________________________

Percentage of tin = ________ %

(1)

Q5.
Scientists in the 16th century used the symbol shown in Figure 1 for gold.
 Figure 1

Gold

The scientists thought platinum was made from gold and silver, so they used the
symbol for gold in the symbol for platinum. The symbol for platinum is shown in Figure
2.

Figure 2

Platinum

(a) Gold and platinum are elements.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

(i) An element contains only one sort of

atom. ion. molecule.

(1)

(ii) Elements are different from each other because they have different numbers of

ions. molecules. protons.

(1)

(b) Complete the following sentence.

Modern scientists call a mixture of gold and silver an alloy.

An alloy is a mixture of ____________________ .

(1)

(c) The formula of the compound silver oxide is Ag2O

Give the name and number of the atoms which have joined together to make the
compound Ag2O
 Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you answer this question.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

Challenge

An alloy of aluminium contains small amounts of other metals.

Explain why other metals are added to aluminium.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
 4. Conservation of mass
Key objective 3
QUANTITATIVE CHEMISTRY
I can recall relevant formulas and rearrange them to solve calculations including balancing
formulas.
I do

(a) Balance these chemical equations.

(i) H2 + O2 → H2O

(1)

(ii) Al + O2 → Al2O3

(1)

(b) Briefly explain why an unbalanced chemical equation cannot fully describe a
reaction.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

We do

(a) Cola drinks contain phosphoric acid, H3PO4. The two equations show how
phosphoric acid can be made from phosphorus.

Balance these two equations.

(i) P4 + ____ O2 → P4O10

(1)

(ii) P4O10 + ________ H2O → 4H3PO4

(1)
You do
Balance equation.

____K + ___H2O → _____KOH + H2

(2)

Independent task

Q1.
This question is about silver iodide.

Silver iodide is produced in the reaction between silver nitrate solution and sodium
iodide solution.

The equation for the reaction is:

AgNO3(aq) + NaI(aq) → AgI(s) + NaNO3(aq)

(a)  A student investigated the law of conservation of mass.

This is the method used.

1.  Pour silver nitrate solution into a beaker labelled A.
2.  Pour sodium iodide solution into a beaker labelled B.
3.  Measure the masses of both beakers and their contents.
4.  Pour the solution from beaker B into beaker A.
5.  Measure the masses of both beakers and their contents again.

The table below shows the student’s results.

Mass before Mass after mixing

mixing in g in g

Beaker A and
78.26 108.22
contents

Beaker B and
78.50 48.54
contents
Explain how the results demonstrate the law of conservation of mass.

You should use data from table above in your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b)  Suggest how the student could separate the insoluble silver iodide from the
mixture at the end of the reaction.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

The student purified the separated silver iodide.

This is the method used.

1.  Rinse the silver iodide with distilled water.
2.  Warm the silver iodide.

(c)  Suggest one impurity that was removed by rinsing with water.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d)  Suggest why the student warmed the silver iodide.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Q2.
A student investigated the law of conservation of mass.

The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the products is equal to the
mass of the reactants.

This is the method used.

1. Pour lead nitrate solution into a beaker labelled A.

2. Pour potassium chromate solution into a beaker labelled B.
3. Measure the mass of both beakers and contents.
4. Pour the solution from beaker B into beaker A.
5. Measure the mass of both beakers and contents again.

When lead nitrate solution and potassium chromate solution are mixed, a reaction
takes place.

This is the equation for the reaction:

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) ⟶ PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

(a) What would the student see when the reaction takes place?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The table shows the student’s results.

Mass in g

Beaker A and contents before mixing 128.71

Beaker B and contents before mixing 128.97

Beaker A and contents after mixing 154.10

Beaker B after mixing 103.58

Show that the law of conservation of mass is true.

Use the data from the table above.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) Another student also tests the law of conservation of mass using the same
method.

The student uses a different reaction.

This is the equation for the reaction.

Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCI(aq) ⟶ 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(I)

Explain why this student’s results would not appear to support the law of
conservation of mass.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
Q3.
Metals are extracted from ores in the Earth’s crust.

Some ores contain metal carbonates and some ores contain metal oxides.

(a) (i) Name the type of reaction that happens when a metal carbonate is
heated.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Which solid product is formed when copper carbonate is heated?

Tick (✔) one box.

copper

copper nitrate

copper oxide

copper sulfide

(1)
 (b) A student investigated heating four metal carbonates. Figure 1 shows the
apparatus used.

Figure 1

The student heated each metal carbonate for five minutes. The table below shows the
results.

Mass of Mass of
metal solid after Observation
Metal carbonate
carbonate at heating for 5 s
start in g minutes in g

Limewater
Copper carbonate 10.0 6.9
turns cloudy

Magnesium Limewater
10.0 9.1
carbonate turns cloudy

Limewater
Potassium
10.0 10.0 does not turn
carbonate
cloudy

Limewater
Zinc carbonate 10.0 8.3
turns cloudy

(i) Explain the results for potassium carbonate.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(3)
 (ii) Suggest how the reactivity series can be used to predict which metal carbonate
reacts most easily when heated.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Some iron ores contain iron oxide (Fe2O3).

Complete and balance the equation for a reaction to produce iron from iron oxide.

_____ Fe2O3 + _____ C → ___________ + _____ CO2

(2)

Challenge

a) _Cu(CN)2 -> _CuCN + _C2N2

(1)
b) _PCl3 + _H2O -> _P(OH)3 + _HCl

(1)

c) _KBr + _Al(ClO4)3 -> _AlBr3 + _KClO4

(1)
d) _C2H5OH + _O2 -> _CO + _H2O

(1)
e) _HCl + _MnO2 -> _MnCl2 + _H2O + _Cl2

(1)
 5. The Mole
Key objective 3
QUANTITATIVE CHEMISTRY
I can recall relevant formulas and rearrange them to solve calculations including
balancing formulas.

I do

Another student placed a conical flask containing 1.00 g of a Group 1 carbonate (M2CO3)
on a balance. He then added 50 cm3, an excess, of dilute hydrochloric acid to the flask and
measured the mass of carbon dioxide given off.

The equation for the reaction is:

M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + H2O + CO2

The final mass of carbon dioxide given off was 0.12 g.

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of carbon dioxide in 0.12 g carbon dioxide.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): C = 12; O = 16

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Moles of carbon dioxide = __________ moles

(2)

We do
The equation for the reaction is:

M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + H2O + CO2

The final mass of carbon dioxide given off was 0.32 g.

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of carbon dioxide in 0.32 g carbon dioxide.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): C = 12; O = 16

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Moles of carbon dioxide = __________ moles

(2)
You do
The equation for the reaction is:

M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + H2O + CO2

The final mass of carbon dioxide given off was 0.62 g.

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of carbon dioxide in 0.62 g carbon dioxide.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): C = 12; O = 16

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Moles of carbon dioxide = __________ moles

(2)
Independent task

Q1. Ethene is a product of cracking. Relative formula mass (Mr) of ethene = 28

Calculate the number of moles of ethene (C2H4) in 50.4 kg

Give your answer in standard form.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Numbers of moles = ____________________

(3)
Q2. a) Aspirin is a medicine for use by adults.An aspirin tablet contains 300 mg of
acetylsalicylic acid.Calculate the number of moles of acetylsalicylic acid in one aspirin
tablet.Give your answer in standard form to three significant figures. Relative formula
mass (Mr) of aspirin = 180

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Number of moles = ______________________

(4)

b) The Avogadro constant is the number of atoms in 1 mole of a substance.(c) What is

the value of the Avogadro constant? Tick (✓) one box.

Page 7 of 16
Q3. How many atoms are there in 1 g of argon? The Avogadro constant is 6.02 × 1023
per mole. Relative atomic mass (Ar): Ar = 40

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Number of atoms in 1 g = ____________________

(2)
Q4. Calculate the mass of one atom of sodium. Avogadro constant = 6.02 × 10 per 23

mole. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Mass of one atom of sodium = ____________________ g

(2)
Q5. In one indigestion tablet the mass of magnesium carbonate is 64.0 mg
Calculate the number of moles of magnesium carbonate in this indigestion tablet. Give
your answer to 3 significant figures. (MgCO3)

Relative formula mass (Mr) of magnesium carbonate = 84

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Number of moles = _______________________

(3)

Q6. Another method of extracting copper from low-grade ores is bioleaching.

A solution of copper sulfate (CuSO4) produced by bioleaching has a
concentration of 0.319 g/dm3

Relative atomic masses (Ar): Cu = 63.5 O = 16 S = 32

Calculate the number of moles of copper that can be produced from 1 dm3 of this
solution.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Number of moles of copper = ____________________ mol

(3)
Challenge

A bag of fertiliser contains 14.52 kg of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Relative formula

mass (Mr): NH4NO3 = 80

Calculate the number of moles of ammonium nitrate in the bag of fertiliser. Give your

answer in standard form to 2 significant figures.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Moles of ammonium nitrate = _______________________ mol

(4)