Chapter 1

(part 2)
Rotational Motion
DR. ROZILAH RAJMI
UiTM PERLIS
Lesson Content

Rotational Motion
• 1.3 Moment of inertia, angular momentum and
its conservation.
• 1.4 Rotational kinetic energy
• 1.5 Conservation of energy in translational and
rotational motion.
Do you have any
All are in SAME SIZE but why you still need to choose one
experience playing that fit to yourself?
bowling ball??
Besides MASS, what are other factors influence the rotation?
What caused
them have
different
tendency to
rotate ?
 Moment of Inertia
Moment of inertia can be defined
as the tendency of a body to resist
angular acceleration.
how easily a body can be Factors influence
rotated about a given axis moment of inertia:
2 1. Mass
I ≡ ∑ mi ⋅ ri 2. Distribution of mass
i 3. Axis of rotation
 • The product of mass × radius squared (mr2) is the rotational
Rotational Inertia inertia for a point mass where r is measured from the axis
of rotation.
How to calculate moment of inertia
Unit: kg𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐

r
m 𝐼𝐼 = 𝑚𝑚𝑟𝑟 2 Single particle

𝐼𝐼 = ∑ 𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 2 = 𝑚𝑚1 𝑟𝑟1 2 + Many particles

𝑚𝑚2 𝑟𝑟2 2 + 𝑚𝑚3 𝑟𝑟3 2 ….

𝑚𝑚 a continuous distribution of
𝐼𝐼 = � 𝐼𝐼 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑟𝑟 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 mass / extended object
Example: cylinder, sphere,
0 rod
Moment of Inertia formula for different shape of object
Example 1
Two small objects of mass 5.0 kg and 7.0 kg are mounted 4.0 m apart
on a light rod (negligible mass). Calculate the moment of inertia of the
system
a) When rotated about an axis halfway between the masses. (ans:48 kg m ) 2

b) When rotated about an axis 0.50 m to the left of 5.0 kg mass.(ans:143 kg

m2)

4.0 m 0.5 m
4.0 m

axis axis
 SOLUTION
1. 𝐼𝐼 = ∑ 𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 2 = 𝑚𝑚1 𝑟𝑟1 2 + 𝑚𝑚2 𝑟𝑟2 2 = (5)( 22 )+ (7) 22 = 48 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘2

2. 𝐼𝐼 = ∑ 𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 2 = 𝑚𝑚1 𝑟𝑟1 2 + 𝑚𝑚2 𝑟𝑟2 2 = (5)( 0.52 )+ (7) 4.52 = 143.3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘2
How does rotational inertia relate to Newton's 2ⁿᵈ law?
2nd Newton’s Law

𝐹𝐹𝑇𝑇 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑎𝑇𝑇

This also can be written as

𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

2nd Newton’s Law

Newton's 2ⁿᵈ law relates force to acceleration. In rotational mechanics torque takes the place of force. Multiplying both sides by the radius gives the expression as.

𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑟𝑟2 𝛼𝛼

𝐹𝐹𝑇𝑇 = 𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎 𝑇𝑇
This also can be written as

𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟𝛼𝛼
Newton's 2ⁿᵈ law relates force to acceleration. In rotational
mechanics torque takes the place of force. Multiplying both
sides by the radius gives the expression as.

𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟𝛼𝛼 𝑟𝑟 𝜏𝜏 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼

𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑟𝑟 2 𝛼𝛼
Moment of inertia, I

• If you apply a torque to a wheel, it will spin

in the direction of the torque.
• The greater the torque, the greater the
angular acceleration
 The angular momentum of a
rigid object is defined as the
product of the moment of
inertia, I and the angular
velocity, ω.

Angular 𝐿𝐿 = 𝐼𝐼𝜔𝜔

momentum
It is analogous to linear
momentum and is subject to the
fundamental constraints of the
conservation of angular
momentum principle if there is
no external torque on the object.
• Let's watch the video 2
 Angular momentum, L

L = Iω L = mr2ω unit = kgm2/s

Angular Momentum =Moment Inertia x Angular velocity

∆L
τ=
∆t
 In the absence of an external torque, angular
momentum is conserved

𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
= 𝟎𝟎 and 𝑳𝑳 = 𝑰𝑰𝝎𝝎
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
Conservation
of angular The law of conservation of angular momentum
state that,
momentum
the total of angular momentum of a rotating rigid
body remains constant if the net external torque
acting on it is zero.
∆L
τ =0= ∆L = 0
∆t
 The ability of an
What is Energy? object to do
work.

Rotational
kinetic energy What are the two Potential Energy
forms of mechanical Kinetic Energy
energy?
KINETIC ENERGY
• Translational Kinetic Energy
KET = ½ mv2

• Rotational Kinetic Energy

KER = ½ Iω2

• Vibrational Kinetic Energy

 “The law of conservation of energy states that
the total amount of energy in an isolated
CONSERVATION system remains constant. A consequence of this
law is that energy cannot be created or
OF ENERGY destroyed.”

Ei = Ef
Ui + K linear ,initial + K rotational ,initial =
Uf + K linear ,final + K rotational ,final
Example 2

A 1.20 kg disk with a radius 0f 10.0 cm rolls without slipping. The

linear speed of the disk is v = 1.41 m/s.
(a) Find the translational kinetic energy.
(b) Find the rotational kinetic energy.
(c) Find the total kinetic energy.
Answer:
1 1
Kt
= 2
mv 2
= 2
(1.20 kg)(1.41 m/s)
= 2
1.19 J
1 1
Kr
= 2
Iω 2
= 2
( 12 mr 2 )(v =
/ r )2 1
4
(1.20 kg)(1.41 m/s)
= 2
0.595 J
K Σ = K t + K r = (1.19 J) + (0.595 J) =1.79 J
Example 3
A hoop and a cylinder of equal mass roll down a
ramp with height h. Which has greatest speed at
the bottom of the ramp?

A) Hoop B) Same C) Cylinder

 ANS: ROLLING DOWN AN INCLINE
0 0
Ki + U i = K f + U f

1 1 2
mgh
= mv + I ω2
2
2
Hollow Cylinder : I = mr 2
2
2 v
mgh 2 mv + 2 ( mr )  
= 1 2 1

r 2
Hollow Cylinder
= : I mr
= ; v gh
1
gh
= 2
v 2 + 12 v 2
1 4
2 Solid Cylinder:
= I mr 2 ; v
= gh
gh = v 2 3

2 10
v = gh Solid Sphere:
= I mr 2 ; v
=
5 7
gh
Example 4

A bowling ball that has an 11 cm radius and a 7.2 kg mass is rolling without
slipping at 2.0 m/s on a horizontal ball return. It continues to roll without slipping
up a hill to a height h before momentarily coming to rest and then rolling back
down the hill.
Model the bowling ball as a uniform sphere and calculate h.

U f + K f = U i + Ki ⇒ Mgh + 0 = 0 + 12 Mvcm
2
i + 1
I ω
2 cm i
2

2
vcm
1
Mgh =
2
Mv 2
cm i + 1
2 ( 2
5
MR 2 ) i 7
=
R 2 10
Mv 2
cm i

2
7vcm 7(2.0 m/s) 2
=h = i
= 2
0.29 m
10 g 10(9.8 m/s )
Conservation of energy
 Solution :

Cont.
Cont..
 Translation motion Rotational motion

1 1
Kinetic Energy: K = m ⋅ v 2
Kinetic Energy: K R = I ⋅ω 2
2 2

Force: F = ma Torque: τ = Iα
Momentum: p = mv Angular L = Iω
Momentum:

 
Work: W = F •s Work: W = τ ⋅θ
The End