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org
Step by step

Step by step toilet construct using

blocks: Ventilated improved pit
Written by FINISH Mondial Tanzania
October 2021

finishmondial.org
 MATERIALS

Aggregate 1'' Binding wire Burn Bricks 15x30x47 cm Vent Pipe 4”

0.25 m 3
1 kg 400 pcs 1 pcs/3 m

Portland Cement 4 Nails (Assorted) Kench Wire Hinges 3”

6 bags x 50 kg 3 kg 1 kg pcs

Roofing Nails Corrugated Iron Sheet 32 g River Sand Reinforced Bars d:12 mm, 12.2 m
0.5 kg 1.8 x 0.78 m 2 ton 1.5 pcs

MATERIALS

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Timber 2x4’’ of 3.5m Water trap Water trap
Flour Bags
9 pcs 1 pcs 1 pcs
4 pcs

TOOLS

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 Hand Float 1 pcs Head pan(Karai) 1 pcs Saw 1pcs Spirit Level 1 pcs

Tape Measure 1 pcs Wheelbarrow 1 pcs Wood Saw 1 pcs Trowel 1 pcs

Mason square 12’’ 1pc Pass ya ujenzi 1pc Plumb Bob 1 pcs 1 pcs

STEP 1: LAYOUT AND EXCAVATION

Prepare layout of toilet and

measure it.

Use Rope, pegs, tape measure to

finishmondial.org mark the area. String the line
and pound the stakes.

The internal dimensions 1.3x1.3

 Start to dig the pit.

Start digging a pit by using

shovel and pickaxe

Dig a pit with dimension of

1.3x1.3x2.1m.

STEP 2: CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE

Continue to Dig

Continue to dig the pit and

dislodge rocks and soil with
digging shovel.
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It’s important to maintain
internal dimension from top to
the bottom of the pit.
 Continue the digging

STEP 2: CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE

Lay the first block

Use tape measure, plumb bob

finishmondial.org and square to level and accurate
measurement
Start to put the blocks from the
corners.
STEP 2: CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE
Continue
Installed to lay the
wastewater block
pipe.

How to install?
Continue to line and partition
the pit for maximum stability.
Use
How plumb line and
many meters spirit
of pipe
finishmondial.org level to keep the line.
needed?
0.3-0.5 meter into the pit
Approx. 1 meter from the pit to
the chamber
 Keep some holes

Keep some holes for water

infiltration with 4cm hole

STEP 2: CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE

Finish the top layer

Finish the top layer with the

same ratio.

Add one curse to the top for

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preventing run off water during
rain time.
 Final layer

STEP 2: CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE

Install support pole

Put 2 poles for the support of

the concrete.
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Put two poles with the length of
1m each and leave 30cm from
the center of the pit for the
purpose of strengthening and
 Prepare reinforce bar

Cut 12mm reinforced bars

1.3m length with a total 16
pcs.

Join reinforce bars using

binding wire with space
between bars of 18cm.

Leave space of (0.3mx0.3m)

for the chamber.

STEP 2: CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE

Put stone with 30x30cm to

cover chamber

Put 2 round stone 1 for

finishmondial.org squatting and other for vent pipe

Use blocks to make formwork

for concrete pouring
 Prepare concrete mix

Mix concrete with ratio of 1:3:4

(1 bag of cement: 9 buckets of
10lts sand: 12 bucket of 10
liters aggregate with 1’’size).

STEP 2: CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE

Pour concrete mix

Pour concrete to a slab with

ratio 1:3:4.
finishmondial.org The slab should be0.05m- 0.1m
thick.
 Level the concrete

Level the concrete by using

hand float.

Leave square open of 0.3x0.3m

for chamber.

One for vent pipe and the other

for squatting

STEP 2: CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE

Finishing

Leave the concrete damp or

moisture for 5 days until it is
hydrated until the concrete
completed and strength is
finishmondial.org attained
 Chamber hole
Vent pipe hole

Squatting hole

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Measure and excavate

Use Rope, pegs, tape measure to

mark the superstructure area.

The measurement of
superstructure foundation is
2.45x1.30m.
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Dig the foundation up to 0.3m
depth.
 Lay the bricks

Use rope, tape measure and

square to
Keep all brick along with line of
rope.

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Start to construct foundation

first layer joint it with slab of
the pit

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 Continue to construct next
layer until the foundation and
pit slab are at the same level

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Start to construct the wall

Setting wall to the half of the pit

slab and constructed foundation.

Leave 60cm for door opening.

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 Maintain 1x1m in each room

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Continue to construct course
of the wall

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 Finish the top level of wall

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Last course before linter

Door space should be 70cm.

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 Prepare the door

Preparation of door and its

frame with dimension of one
door is 1.8 x 0.7 m.

The door frame is made from

timber of 2x4inches

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Prepare concrete mix

Prepare concrete mix for the

linter beam

Mix concrete with ratio of 1:3:4

finishmondial.org (1 bag of cement: 9 buckets of
10lts sand: 12 bucket of 10
liters aggregate with 1’’size
 Pour the concrete

Pour the concrete to the beam

make sure to pour concrete after
insert doors to the toilet

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Cure the linter

Leave the linter to cure for 24

hours

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 Prepare the roof

Use iron sheet, timber 2:2

(width: thickness) and roofing
nails.

Roof is made from 2 iron sheets

for each door. Total of 4 iron
sheets are needed for 2-Doors
Toilet.

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Prepare the roof

Roof is made from 2 iron sheets

for each door.

Total of 4 iron sheets are

needed for 2-Doors Toilet.
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 Install the roof

Insert the roof to toilet

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Connect roof to the wall

finishmondial.org Put kench wire to tie roof and

walls

.
 Tie the roof

Tie door frame with roofing

purlins

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Starting finishing works and

finishmondial.org interface activities
STEP 4: CONSTRUCTION OF USER-INTERFACE

Prepare hand washing

facility
finishmondial.org Insert 4 pcs iron bars of 40cm to
the wall of toilet and 60cm from
the floor
 Cure it

Leave it to cure for 24hr

STEP 4: CONSTRUCTION OF USER-INTERFACE

Prepare the handwashing

facility

finishmondial.org Prepare formwork for hand

washing facilities use 2x2
timber and 2-poles to support
the structure.
 Finish the handwashing
facility

STEP 5: FINISHING

Connect the wastewater

pipe

Bathroom with water trap and

finishmondial.org wastewater pipe 2’’ at the
outside

Connect wastewater pipe.

 Install the squatting pan

Measure 30cm length x20cm

width for squatting pan open
Use bricks with the 5cm
thickness x10cm width
around the squatting open

STEP 5: FINISHING

Pointing the wall at outside

For the cheap and good view

finishmondial.org decorate the outside walls by point
the wall

The process is conducted by using

square, trowel, tape measure and
STEP 5: FINISHING

Construct the chamber

finishmondial.org Use hammer and chisels to
prepare chamber open.

After slab is cured then remove

 Install the vent pipe

Installation of vent pipe with

30cm from the roof

STEP 5: FINISHING

Continue plastering the pit

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