CIVIL ENGINEERING

FINAL REPORT INTEGRATORY PROJECT

BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING

HUARCAYA CORNEJO SHARON

SAAVEDRA ARANGUREN FLAVIO

RIQUELME PANCCA MIRACLES

UNANCHA CHAVEZ SHADY

URDAY PACHECO ELIZABETH

VALDIVIA SUCARI BRYAN

YAULLI HUAMANI EDSON

SEMESTER X

YEAR 2022

"The students declare that they have carried out this work
according to the norms of the Universidad Católica San Pablo"

SIGNATURE
1
 INDEX

Page

INDEX ............................................................................................................................... 2
INDEX OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... 4
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... 5
1.1. Structure Characteristics ............................................................................................ 6
1.1.1. Location ............................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2. Characteristic....................................................................................................... 6
1.2. General Aspects Structures ........................................................................................ 6
1.2.1. Scope .................................................................................................................. 6
1.2.2. Objectives ............................................................................................................ 6
1.2.3. General considerations ........................................................................................ 7
1.3. General Aspects Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................ 7
1.3.1. Scope .................................................................................................................. 7
1.3.2. Objectives ............................................................................................................ 7
1.3.3. General considerations ........................................................................................ 7
1.4. Group Work Methodology ........................................................................................... 8
1.4.1. Stages of the Methodology .................................................................................. 8
1.4.2. Assignment of tasks to the group ......................................................................... 9
DELIVERABLES .............................................................................................................. 10
2.1. Permanent 1.1 .......................................................................................................... 10
2.1.1. levels ................................................................................................................. 11
2.1.2. Plan Import ........................................................................................................ 11
2.1.3. grilles ................................................................................................................. 12
2.1.4. walls .................................................................................................................. 13
2.1.5. Windows and doors ........................................................................................... 14
2.1.6. Ladders ............................................................................................................. 15
2.1.7. Furniture ............................................................................................................ 16
2.2. Permanent 1.2 .......................................................................................................... 17
23. Permanent 1.3 .......................................................................................................... 23
2.3.1. Modeling in Revit ............................................................................................... 23
2.4. Permanent 2.1 .......................................................................................................... 28

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 2.4.1. Hydraulic design. ............................................................................................... 28
2.4.2. Portant capacity ................................................................................................. 31
2.4.3. Sanitary Facilities Model. ................................................................................... 33
2.5. Permanent 2.2 .......................................................................................................... 35
ANALYSIS OF STUDENT RESULTS – RE ..................................................................... 42
3.1. Permanent 1.1 .......................................................................................................... 42
3.2. Permanent 1.2 .......................................................................................................... 43
3.3. Permanent 1.3 .......................................................................................................... 44
3.4. Permanent 2.1 .......................................................................................................... 44
3.5. Permanent 2.2 .......................................................................................................... 45
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 45
4.1. Permanent 1.1 .......................................................................................................... 45
4.1.1. conclusions ........................................................................................................ 45
4.1.2. recommendations .............................................................................................. 46
4.2. Permanent 1.2 .......................................................................................................... 46
4.2.1. conclusions ........................................................................................................ 46
4.2.2. recommendations .............................................................................................. 46
4.3. Permanent 1.3 .......................................................................................................... 47
4.3.1. conclusions ........................................................................................................ 47
4.3.2. recommendations .............................................................................................. 47
4.4. Permanent 2.1 .......................................................................................................... 48
4.4.1. conclusions ........................................................................................................ 48
4.4.2. recommendations .............................................................................................. 48
4.5. Permanent 2.2 .......................................................................................................... 49
4.5.1. conclusions ........................................................................................................ 49
4.5.2. recommendations .............................................................................................. 49
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES .................................................................................... 49

3
 INDEX OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Stages of our work methodology ......................................................................... 9

Figure 2. Deliverables Format ............................................................................................ 9
Figure 3. Detail of columns and beams in the plans of structures .................................... 17
Figure 4. Typical detail of lightened slab considered in the plans ..................................... 18
Figure 5. Total Static Shear obtained from the Etabs software......................................... 20
Figure 6. Static shear absorbed by the reinforced concrete frames.................................. 20
Figure 7. Static Shear absorbed by masonry walls .......................................................... 20
Figure 8. Distribution of the Cutting Force for each level .................................................. 21

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 ABSTRACT

The following project consists of developing a 3D modeling of a 2-story multi-family

home with a roof terrace located in the city of Lima, the architectural plans were available
and using the Revit program, the architectural modeling was carried out where the plans
were imported. They placed the grids, created levels, walls, windows, doors, stairs and
furniture.

There are also plans of structures to analyze the structural design considering the
relationship between the static shear and the dynamic shear, for this the live and dead loads
had to be reviewed applying Standard E.020 where it indicates the consideration according
to the occupation or use of the structure and the measurement of the corresponding
structural elements, with this the modeling was carried out in the Etabs software considering
the E.030 standard to obtain the zone, soil, seismic amplification and use factor, through
this standard the factors were also obtained of irregularity in plan and in height to calculate
the static shear and compare it with the dynamic shear.

For the modeling of sanitary facilities, the design of the hot water, cold water and
drainage systems must be carried out based on the architectural plans delivered, in addition
to preparing a calculation memory that allows determining the dimensions of each
component, in addition to carry out the verification of the bearing capacity of the land with
the E050-2018 method.

Finally, with the help of Navisworks Manage, in addition to programs such as Ms

Project and Animator, the interference detection of the model made in Revit is carried out,
the measurement of the materials of the structure model is generated, as well as the
calculation of the total cost of the project considering general expenses, profits and taxes.
Once this is finished, the video of the construction process of the multi-family home will be
presented after carrying out the simulation of the yellow line and construction as such from
a schedule made in Ms Project; thus demonstrating that the BIM Computer Modeling course
is closely linked to other courses learned throughout the degree,

5
 PROJECT UNDER STUDY

This project is a single-family home with the following characteristics:

1.1. Structure Characteristics

1.1.1. Location

▪ Department: Lima
▪ Province : Lima
▪ District: Lurigancho Chosica
▪ Address: Urb. San Antonio de Carapongo II Stage Mz “V” Lot No. 63

1.1.2. Characteristic

The land where it will be built is rectangular in shape, 6.35 m wide and 19.0 m long,
resulting in an area of 120.65 m2. It is distributed in 2 levels plus a roof terrace. The first
level has a built area of 120.65 m2 of built area which includes a living room, dining room,
garden, terrace, kitchen, bathroom, hall, hall and garage. The second level has a built area
of 89.30 m2, this includes a master bedroom, bedroom 1, bedroom 2, balcony, living room,
bathroom, hall and a study and finally there is a roof terrace with a built area of 78.30 m2
where there is a bedroom, utility room, bathroom and terrace

1.2. General Aspects Structures

1.2.1. Scope

In this project, a verification of the analysis model of the structure under study will be
carried out, comparing static and dynamic shears; as well as the respective modeling in
Revit.

1.2.2. Objectives

▪ Determine the structural configuration of the building

▪ Calculate the irregularities in plan and in height corresponding to the building
▪ Compare the results of the manual and computational static shear, in addition to
corroborating the minimum required value of the dynamic shear
▪ Perform structure discipline modeling in Revit software

6
 1.2.3. General considerations

▪ The details of the structural elements to be taken into account can be obtained from
the structural plans initially provided.
▪ The properties of materials such as concrete and masonry will be those detailed in
the corresponding plans and for no reason should other values be assumed.
▪ The Etabs software will be the default tool for analysis model verification.
▪ The modeling of the discipline of structures must reflect the details considered in the
structural plans and, in addition, families of unconventional columns or beams will be
created if necessary.

1.3. General Aspects Sanitary Facilities

1.3.1. Scope

In this project, sanitary facilities will be applied to the 120.65 m2 single-family home
located in Lurigancho Chosica-Lima where the system proposed for the supply and
distribution of cold water includes the use of a cistern - elevated tank.

A 5 m3 cistern has been considered as storage volume and a 2.5 m3 elevated tank,
which is equivalent to a total storage volume of 7.50 m3.

1.3.2. Objectives

▪ Carry out the hydraulic design of the cold and hot water, drainage and ventilation
network.
▪ Produce a 3D BIM model of the Sanitary Installations specialty
▪ Calculate the carrying capacity of the ground.

1.3.3. General considerations

▪ Sanitary facilities must be located in coordination with the person responsible for the
design of structures, in such a way that they do not compromise their structural
elements, during their assembly and during their useful life.
▪ Sanitary devices must be installed considering the minimum spaces necessary for
their use, cleaning, maintenance and inspection.
▪ All buildings will be equipped with sanitary services with the number and type of
sanitary devices established in each one of the Standards of this Regulation.

7
 ▪ The detached house has 4 bathrooms, 1 laundry room and 1 kitchen.
▪ There is an indirect system because the water that comes from the public network
reaches a cistern from which water is sent to the elevated tank by means of a pump.

1.4. Group Work Methodology

Our project, being a staggered work, had different stages, in general, a main
objective had to be defined in each deliverable (Permanent) to capture a general image of
the entire planning of the housing project and corroborate the scope it could have, in this
way , all phases are integrated into the plan to follow the sequence of the following activities.

1.4.1. Stages of the Methodology

The stages were defined from setting the objective, then the scope with the
expectations of the project, then assigning the most outstanding progress points to finally
reach the review of these and the solution of possible doubts, in this way we corroborate the
quality of the deliverables. .

In the first stage it is important to identify the objective that will take us to the different
phases that the project will have, therefore a scope is determined together, for this it is
necessary to have a coordinated participation, understanding that all opinions are important.

Continuing with the stages, the main phases or milestones must be identified so that
all parties understand the plan, the sequence of the main activities and thus assign the
competent tasks and roles. Finally, it comes to the review of tasks, in case there are doubts,
these are solved and shared.

8
 Figure1. stages of our work methodology

1.4.2. Assignment of tasks to the group

Our way of assigning team tasks was given with a joint participation in order to
improve the skills of each member, therefore, these are described in the minutes of the
meetings. The meetings were held virtually to optimize the free time we had, in addition to
having the advantage of sharing the screen to directly view the software on each of our
computers.

Figure2. Deliverables Format

Source: self made

9
 DELIVERABLES

2.1. Permanent 1.1

The objective of this deliverable is to model in 3D the project in the specialty of

architecture.

The work begins by opening the REVIT program and selecting the “architectural
template” as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Format to create project.

It is important to place the units with which you will work with the command U + N

Figure 4. Box to change units

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 2.1.1. levels

First you can see the heights of each level in the plans delivered in AutoCAD, to then
locate them from an elevation view -----> this, in our case it will be:

Figure 5. Respective heights of the project

2.1.2. Plan Import

First open our file in AutoCAD and select the floor plan to be will import, in our
case it will be the first level architecture and place it in the origin (0,0) to be able to import
from revit as follows

11
 Figure 6. AutoCAD import

2.1.3. grilles

In this section the axes of the plane can be located, we will find 03 vertical axes and 8
horizontal ones.

Figure 7. Placement of grids

12
 2.1.4. walls

To insert walls the command W + A will be used

Figure 8. Wall properties

The thickness of each column is configured in the properties, as well as its properties as can be
seen in the previous images

13
 Figure 9. Isometric view

2.1.5. Windows and doors

To locate the respective doors and openings we use the details of the openings table, once the
openings have been identified we will use the commands D + R for doors and W+ N for windows,
each window and door

14
 Figure 10. Windows and doors properties

2.1.6. Ladders

"Stair" is selected to then place step and counterstep and thus be able to model stairs

15
 Figure 11. Insert stairs

2.1.7. Furniture

When loading the family into the layout, the Revit Family Library is displayed by
default.

Figure 12. Insert furniture

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2.2. Permanent 1.2

The objective of this deliverable was to analyze the structural design of the project
delivered tengoing eConsidering the relationship that exists between the static shear and
the dynamic shear.

To carry out this work, we were given the plans corresponding to the disciplines of
structures and architecture, in addition to being able to use software such as Etabs, Mathcad
or Excel.

The work begins with a detailed and meticulous review of the structural plans in order
to obtain the geometry of the elements that make it up. Next, we proceed to review the live
loads and dead loads that are also presented in the plans, but this time we will rely on the
National Building Regulations, to be more specific, with Standard E.020 – Loads.

The structural elements identified to carry out the modeling and analysis of the
building in the Etabs software are the following:

▪ columns
▪ beams
▪ lightened slabs
▪ Solid Slabs
▪ Ladders

The details of some columns and beams can be seen in Figure 13, which was
extracted from the structural plans corresponding to the project, which details their
dimensions and particular characteristics.

Figure3. Detail of columns and beams in the plans of structures

17
 Similarly, Figure 14 shows the typical detail of the 20 cm thick lightened slab that
was used in the building.

Figure4. Typical detail of lightened slab considered in the plans

Regarding the live loads that were taken into consideration, according to Standard
E.020, according to the occupation that the structure will have, in Table 1, having our building
an occupation or use for housing, the distributed load will be of 200 kgf/m2. For mobile
partitions, it will also be taken as live load, which will be uniformly distributed per square
meter, this being 100 kgf/m2 for full-height light divisions.

For the weight of the finished floor at all levels, the value of 100 kgf/cm2 has been
considered, which will be considered as a dead load.

The modeling of the building began by defining the materials used, such as concrete
f'c=210 kgf/cm2 and masonry f'b=65 kgf/cm2. Likewise, the sections of the elements such
as columns and beams and the types of slabs to be used were defined.

While the modeling of the building is carried out in the Etabs software, the
characteristics of the project were being analyzed in accordance with the provisions of
Standard E.030, which will allow us to calculate the shear at the base and the dynamic
shear. The necessary factors were determined as follows:

▪ The zone factor (Z) corresponding to the district of Lurigancho - Chosica will be
Z=0.45 because it is located in a seismic zone 4.
▪ The soil factor (S) that corresponds to our project will be S=1.05 since we are in
seismic zone 4 and we have an Intermediate S2 soil.

18
 ▪ The seismic amplification factor (C) will depend on the fundamental period of the
structure T and the site periods Tp and TL. The fundamental period of the structure
according to the norm gives us a value of T=0.14 s. however, according to the Etabs
software, this value is T=0.485 s. assuming as analysis value the one given by the
Etabs. Having an intermediate soil S2, our site periods will be Tp=0.6 s and TL=2.0
s. Finally, according to Article 14 of Standard E.030, our seismic amplification factor
will be C=2.5.
▪ The use factor (U) according to the building category will be considered in the order
of U=1.0.

In order to find the seismic reduction coefficient, we start by assuming a basic

reduction coefficient. As our building has a structural system of reinforced concrete frames
in the X direction, the value of this coefficient will be Ro=8, however, in the Y direction it has
a confined masonry system with a coefficient of Ro=3, so , we consider the value of Ro=3
because it is the most critical and is a bit more conservative. It will also be necessary to
define the irregularity factors that will allow us to calculate the seismic reduction coefficient.
These factors will be initially assumed with the values of: irregularity in plan Ip=0.85 and
irregularity in height Ia=0.85.

In this way we can carry out the analysis in which we are going to demonstrate which
is the predominant system in each direction according to the amount of shear force that each
system absorbs.

In Figure 3, We can see that in the X direction the shear force at the base is
approximately 65 tonf, however, in Figure 4 it can be seen that the columns in the same X
direction absorb almost 100% of the shear, while in the Y direction the walls absorb more
than 80%, remaining in accordance with the structural systems used in the design of the
building.

19
 Figure5. Total Static Shear obtained from the Etabs software

Figure6. Static shear absorbed by the reinforced concrete frames

Figure7. Static Shear absorbed by masonry walls

20
 Previously we had started assuming the values of the irregularity coefficients in plan
and height, these being Ip=0.85 and Ia=0.85. However, it is necessary to determine the
correct values in order to also have a model and analysis that is close to reality.

According to Standard E.030, in Chapter III, Article 20. we can obtain the irregularity
factors both in plan and height through the detailed specifications in tables No. 8 and No. 9.
First, we proceeded with the calculation of the structural irregularity in height, having mass
irregularity and vertical geometric irregularity; both in the order of Ia=0.90. Then we proceed
to calculate the structural irregularity in plan, of which there were irregularities in incoming
corners and irregularities due to diaphragm discontinuity, the latter being the predominant
one with a value of Ip=0.85.

Now, having everything necessary to be able to calculate the shear at the base
manually, all that remains is to obtain the seismic weight provided by the Etabs, which has
the value of P=175.098 tonf. For the seismic weight according to Article 26 of Standard
E.030, in category C buildings, 25% of the live load will be taken.

So, the static shear is the basis was calculated as follows.

𝑍∗𝑈∗𝐶∗𝑆
𝑉= ∗𝑃
𝑅𝑜 ∗ 𝐼𝑝 ∗ 𝐼𝑎

0.45 ∗ 1.0 ∗ 2.5 ∗ 1.05

𝑉= ∗ 175.098
3 ∗ 0.90 ∗ 0.85

𝑉 = 90.124 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓

The static shear at the base, obtained manually, will be distributed for each floor of
the building, which is shown in Figure 6.

Figure8. Distribution of the Cutting Force for each level

21
 After obtaining the static shear manually, we will make the comparison with the static
shear provided by Etabs, which has the value of V=65.204 tonf.

𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 90.124 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 > 𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 65.204 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓

As we can see, the static shear obtained manually is greater than the static shear
obtained from the Etabs software. This is possibly due to the simplification and precision of
the model in the program.

Now we are going to compare the dynamic shear versus the static shear:

𝑉𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜 = 74.10 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓 > 0.90𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 = 0.90 ∗ 65.204 = 58.684 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑓

According to Article 29.4. indicates that the minimum dynamic shear force cannot be
less than 90% of the static shear force for irregular structures. So, our dynamic shear is
exceeding what is necessary to meet the E.030 Standard requirement.

As a final comment, we can affirm that the building is within the design ranges, which
respects both the static seismic analysis and the dynamic seismic analysis. It is also
necessary to mention that the Etabs software varies in the calculations obtained manually
because the fundamental period of the structure obtained in the program is greater than that
obtained according to Standard E0.30.

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2.3. Permanent 1.3

The objective of this deliverable was to create a 3D BIM model of the discipline of
project structures delivered in the REVIT software, taking into account the relationship that
exists between this model and the structural plans.

To carry out this work, we were given the plans corresponding to the disciplines of
structures, taking into account that the elements created in the model must be coded as the
plan in question.

We begin with a review of the structural plans and their coincidence of measurements
with the architectural one in order to obtain the general geometry of the area that they are
made up of. Next, we proceed to review our notes and videos left by the teacher regarding
the creation and modeling of structural elements.

2.3.1. Modeling in Revit

Firstly, the construction template must have the correct units, in this case we work
with meters. Then we identify the structural elements in the plan to carry out the modeling,
these must be in a simulation order as if it were a real construction, that is, it begins with the
placement of axis levels, footings, columns, etc. With this order our idea of the construction
process is corroborated.

We continue with the creation of levels from the ground or finished floor according to
the elevation and section plans, in this case there are three at different heights without
including the footing level and foundation level. Later, with the insertion and import of the
AutoCAD structural plan at a lower or foundation level, the creation of grids with the axes
numbered horizontally using letters and vertically using numbers can be given. In total we
have eight horizontal axes and four vertical axes.

23
 Figure 21. Placement of levels and axes

Later we begin with the modeling of footings, this option is found in the upper item of
structures, there you will find a box called "isolated". When creating a new footing, you have
to place the required type, measurements, material and offset. In case of not having types,
families can be loaded, these must be only structural. Later, these footings are drawn at the
foundation level, realizing that they coincide with the plane of structures. In this case, we
have six different types of footings with different sizes.

The process explained above is repeated with the continuous foundation elements,
here the option of creating a foundation slab is given. This option is also used for the base
of our cistern that is drawn at the bottom level of the cistern.

Figure 22. Types of footings and foundation slabs in our model

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 We continue with the modeling of columns, this is given with the option of pillar, again
the type, measurements, material and offset are chosen. In our project we have a total of
ten different types of columns where one of these is one with a 45° side. In the case of the
foundations, they were modeled with the option of beams, here a concrete structural beam
must be used, our project has six types of foundations.

Figure 23. Types of columns and foundations in our model

Figure 24. Examples of columns that we have

The foundation slabs or false floor are modeled with the option of structural
foundation slab, in this case our false floor is 10 cm. thick which occurs only on the first level.

25
 Figure 25. False floor in our model

Beam modeling is done with the beam option, the procedure for creating overlays is
repeated, that is,it is given as horizontal structural elements where the type and material are
editable. When placing these beams, care must be taken with the type of element since in
our project we use several of different sections and due to their versatility they are also found
on the façade.

Figure 26. Types of structural beams

On the other hand, the modeling of lightened slabs was carried out with the option of
structural floor or slab, our project has a lightened slab of 5 cm. thick, this is presented in
the second and third level. To model the joists that are part of the slab, a structural system

26
of a structural frame is taken that indicates their direction within the slab. The joists used
have a measure of 15 cm. These are placed horizontally along the entire length of the slab.

Figure 27. Measurements of the type of slab and joists used

Figure 28. 3D view of the slab and joists

Finally the masonry walls were modeled, our project required 15 cm thick walls at all
levels. Here especially the type of material is assigned since bricks are used in this structure,
this change in the texture of the material can also be corroborated. Structural concrete walls
are also created for the faces of the lower cistern.

Figure 29. Measurement of the wall and type of material.

With all these steps carried out, we already have a structural model that simulates
what our project would look like in reality and if these elements have a correct distribution or

27
are interfering with each other. Furthermore, by having all the elements encoded we can
easily recognize their properties.

Figure 30. Structural Modeling in BIM

2.4. Permanent 2.1

This deliverable proposes the design for the hot water, cold water and drainage
system of the building to carry out the model of sanitary installations using the Revit
software, as well as calculating the bearing capacity of the land considering the resistance
parameters of the soil provided.

2.4.1. Hydraulic design.

▪ cold water design

For the design of cold water we will begin with the calculation of the endowment:
according to the number of inhabitants at a rate of 150 liters per inhabitant per day, for 8
people the endowment of 1200 L/d, but an endowment of 1500 L is assumed according to
the norm. /d according to the area of the land, which is 120.65 m2. We calculate the
maximum simultaneous demand by the Hunter method according to the table of the norm.

28
 Figure 31: maximum demand by hunter method

Source: self made

We proceed to calculate the flow and pressure at each point where we observe the
results in the following table:

Figure 32 calculation of pressures at each point

Source: self made

▪ hot water design

29
Calculation of the endowment of the volume of the bath used, we worked with the tables
according to the endowment norm for single-family residences, the number of bedrooms of
the project describe 4 bedrooms.

Figure 33 Calculation of the volume of the thermal bath

Source: self made

▪ drain design

A brief description of the type of unloading devices per floor is made to determine
the unloading units, for this by means of Standard IS 010 "InstallationsSanitary for buildings",
through annex 6 describes the discharge units .

Description of the sanitary ware in the multi-family building.

Figure 34 total discharge units

Source: self made

Calculation of the riser and collectors:Having the total number of discharge units,
we review the standard to determine the diameter of the riser and the collecting unit
according to the discharge units. The standard tells us that: "When calculating the diameter
of the drainage ducts, the following will be taken into account: "the minimum diameter that
receives the discharge from a toilet of not less than 100mm 4", we have that for up to 160
UD the diameter corresponds of the 4" tube as well as for the stud, we took 4".

30
 Calculation of ventilation pipes: Next we have to calculate the ventilation pipe for
our sanitary ware. We have that our building has an approximate height of 11m, so according
to our 4" stud and the UD (32) we chose to use a 2" diameter for the ventilation pipes.

Calculation of the slope of the drainage network: Finally, we calculate the

appropriate slope that the entire drainage network will have to obtain a correct flow of water
and solids. Firstly, our collector tube diameter is 4", looking at the standard in annex No. 9
tells us that for that diameter we have a slope of 1% up to 180 UD, with which we would be
taking the correct slope.

2.4.2. Portant capacity

A verification of the bearing capacity of the soil will be carried out using Standard
E.050 using the soil parameters provided, B=1.7m and L=1.85m.

Figure 35 initial data for bearing capacity

Source: self made

According to the type of EMS soil, this description corresponds to a Poorly Etched
Sand (SP), which contemplates characteristics of this material such as a very low cohesion
value, therefore it is considered zero.

▪ Description of the method E 0.50 - 2018.

The standard proposes two equations for the calculation of load capacity, the first
corresponds to a cohesive soil, where the angle of internal friction is equal to zero; and the
second corresponds to a frictional soil, where cohesion takes the value of zero. For our
project, the type of soil corresponds to a Poorly Gradated Sand (SP) so we will use the
second equation corresponding to a frictional soil, in addition to the fact that the sands do
not present cohesion.

31
 𝑞𝑑 = 𝑖𝑞 ∗ 𝛾1 ∗ 𝐷𝑓 ∗ 𝑁𝑞 + 0.5 ∗ 𝑠𝛾 ∗ 𝑖𝛾 ∗ 𝛾2 ∗ 𝐵′ ∗ 𝑁𝛾

Figure 36 Calculation of bearing capacity

Source: self made

𝑞𝑢 5.558 𝑘𝑔
𝑞𝑎 𝑑𝑚 = = = 1.853 
𝐹𝑆 3 𝑐𝑚2

▪ Description of the Meyerhof method.

Meyerhof proposes the following equation to determine the bearing capacity because
it can be applicable for continuous, square, rectangular or circular foundations considering
a general criterion.

Meyerhof
1
𝑞𝑢 = 𝑐̅𝑁𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑠 𝐹𝑐𝑑 𝐹𝑐𝑖 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 𝐹𝑞𝑠 𝐹𝑞𝑑 𝐹𝑞𝑖 + 𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾 𝐹𝛾𝑠 𝐹𝛾𝑑 𝐹𝛾𝑖
2
Description Worth Description Worth
B. 1.7m 𝐹𝑐𝑑 1,203
𝑁𝑞 19,704 𝐹𝑞𝑑 1,193
𝑁𝑐 31,626 𝐹𝛾𝑑 1.00
𝑁𝛾 24,488 𝐹𝑐𝑖 1.00
𝐹𝑐𝑠 1,573 𝐹𝑞𝑖 1.00
𝐹𝑞𝑠 1,543 𝐹𝛾𝑖 1.00
𝐹𝛾𝑠 0.632 what 18,078
𝑞𝑢 = 862.75 KN/m2
Source: self made
𝑞𝑢 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 844.67 − 18.078 𝐾𝑁 𝑘𝑔
𝑞𝑎𝑑𝑚 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 = = = 281.56 = 2.87
𝐹𝑆 3 𝑚2 𝑐𝑚2

32
 For both types of foundations, the admissible load capacity of the soil, calculated
using the Meyerhof method, determine that we have an intermediate soil because its
admissible load capacity is between the values of 1.2 kg/cm2 and 3 kg/ cm2.

▪ Percentage comparison of methods

(𝐶𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 − 𝐶𝑃𝐸𝑀𝑆 ) 1.853 − 1.602

𝑉% (𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝐸. 050) = = ∗ 100 = 13.546%
𝐶𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 1.853

(𝐶𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 − 𝐶𝑃𝐸𝑀𝑆 ) 2.87 − 1.602

𝑉%(𝑀𝑒𝑦𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑜𝑓𝑓) = = ∗ 100 = 44.181%
𝐶𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 2.87

2.4.3. Sanitary Facilities Model.

With the previously calculated hydraulic design, we proceed to carry out the modeling
in Revit, initially with the drainage pipe, we continue with hot and cold water and finally the
ventilation pipes, all this with the help of the facilities drawing as a reference, taking into
account that it is a direct system. The following figure shows the distribution of the hot and
cold water connections, drainage and ventilation, for the first, second level and roof with the
diameter already initially calculated according to the flow and discharge pressure.

33
 Figure 37 plan view of IISS modeling

Source: self made

The following figure shows the isometric of the sanitary facilities in Revit taking into
account the cistern and the elevated tank for distribution by level, we rely on the System
Browser to verify that all the sanitary devices are connected to a system. In this way, there
will not be any disconnected element in the model.

34
 Figure 38 IISS modeling isometric view

Source: self made

2.5. Permanent 2.2

In this deliverable, the objective is to measure the materials of the Revit structure model made
previously, considering the formwork, the masonry and the concrete models, in addition, a cost
calculation was carried out using the COSTS magazine. Resulting in Excel tables exported from Revit
software.

35
 Source: self made

The schedule of activities was made with the Ms Project program, then the import was made
to the Navisworks Manage software, with the objective of creating selection sets to obtain
the correct simulation of the project; animations of yellow line equipment were generated in
order to simulate the construction process of the building from start to finish, this animation
includes a displacement from different points of view.

36
 Source: self made

On the other hand, the budget summary sheet was generated by calculating the total cost of the
project taking into account data such as general expenses of 8%, profit of 7% and tax of 18%.

Fig. Budget Sheet

Source: self made

37
 Interference detection was also carried out using the Navisworks Manage software
with the aim of detecting incompatibilities or inconsistencies in the model previously made
in Revit, this was done manually using image captures, in addition to classifying each
incident according to the degree of complexity. and nature; Once these incidents were
resolved, a new interference report was generated.

38
Fig. Naviswork software interference

Source: self made

39
Fig. Deliverable of interference between joist and wall of the second level.

Source: self made

40
 Fig. Clipping of video execution process

Source: self made

Upon completion, the animations are included in the TimeLiner and Ms Project programming,
generating a constructive sequence video, where all the project information is included.

41
 ANALYSIS OF STUDENT RESULTS – RE

3.1. Permanent 1.1

The purpose of this deliverable was to model from scratch the specialty of
architecture in REVIT. Within it, they learned to model walls, ceilings, windows, doors, create
families, stairs and finally furniture. All this was taken as a starting point for future
deliverables, since by having the architectural modeling, the concept of our home can be
understood as a simulation of the future construction.

42
 Figure 45: Architecture modeling in REVIT

3.2. Permanent 1.2

This deliverable has sought to consolidate knowledge that was acquired in lower
semesters in order to have closer contact with the use of programs such as Etabs, which
means a great help in terms of structural analysis. All this has been possible with the help
of the National Building Regulations, essential material for consulting the necessary
information at the time of carrying out the analysis of the structure of a project.

Regarding the National Building Regulations, Standards E.020, E0.30 are the ones
that have had the most impact on the entire deliverable. The same ones that have allowed
us to know the different parameters and considerations necessary for our project. For
example, we have been able to understand the necessary values of live loads and dead
loads that our type of building requires; We have also been able to identify the necessary

43
factors to calculate the basal shear. Regarding the calculation of irregularities, it is perhaps
a new topic, because in lower semester courses neutral values were taken into account that
did not affect the structure and simplified it for academic purposes.

While we make use of the Etabs program, in parallel we work manually on the
calculations to obtain the static shear of the structure, this has allowed us to compare how
much an analysis can vary if we use specialized software. As students we have been able
to understand how important it has been to carry out this deliverable, since the knowledge
regarding the line of structures has been consolidated with greater clarity.

3.3. Permanent 1.3

Regarding the modeling deliverable in REVIT, we must understand that the analyzes
were observed from the structural theme. In the same way, the creation of these elements
of the project in BIM followed a correct order based on the actual construction process that
exists in the common construction of buildings. On the other hand, this modeling indicates
the type of structural behavior in a visual way, since it is possible to break down each
element placed, know its material and take its measurements. In case there is an error, the
change of the element can be done quickly since everything is connected.

In structural modeling, it was understood that Revit allows us to model three types of
foundation elements, which are isolated foundations, wall foundations, also called
continuous foundations, and foundation slabs. Each type has a special use for structural
design and infrastructure projects, in our project we use the types that best suit our
geometric needs.

The correct creation of the structural model in the software provides an advance for
the next process, which is the model of Sanitary Installations, thus providing tools that help
to minimize modeling errors in pipes and accessories. For example, it would indicate the
offset and slope so that some pipe connections are not seen. Therefore, it improves the
collaboration between the following project deliverables ensuring quality and management.

3.4. Permanent 2.1

In the present deliverable, we sought to consolidate knowledge that was acquired in

lower semesters in the course of sanitary installations, hydraulics and others, in order to
have the hydraulic designs carried out in order to determine which pipe diameter to use

44
according to the calculated flow and the pressures in each item what kind of accessories.
All this has been possible with the help of the technical standard for sanitary installations IS
010, essential material for consulting the necessary information when designing a project.

In addition, I help to deeply understand the E.050 standard and its considerations to
determine the admissible load capacity, knowing new application methods, expanding our
knowledge of foundation engineering both in the study of soil mechanics (EMS) and the
properties of the soil in sands and the safety factor.

3.5. Permanent 2.2

According to the sequence carried out throughout the entire project, BIM not only
allows modeling a structure in 3D, but directs us to use a shared platform where
collaborators are able to visualize errors before executing the project, thus optimizing
subsequent costs mode in the project. This deliverable allowed us to consolidate previous
knowledge acquired in the course of costs and budgets when making the metered materials,
the budget summary sheet was also made considering the use of the COSTS magazine, in
addition to calculating the costs associated with each table of schedule created.

The MS Project program seen in the productivity course allows us to carry out the
schedule of activities to export to the Navisworks Manage software and thus be able to carry
out a correct simulation of the construction process in addition to generating animations with
yellow line equipment in Animator.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1. Permanent 1.1

4.1.1. conclusions

A modeling was carried out in Revit in the specialty of architecture from plans in
AutoCAD. Walls, ceilings, stairs, windows, doors, the import of AutoCAD plans, the creation
and import of families and finally the import of furniture were modeled.

Shortcut keys have been correctly applied to optimize modeling time.

45
 Work was done in an integrated and collaborative manner, applying the knowledge
acquired.

4.1.2. recommendations

It is recommended to place units before placing levels and grids.

It is recommended to take coordinates 0.0 in the AutoCAD plane to be able to link in

REVIT

It is recommended to name walls, ceilings, windows and doors in such a way that it
is easy to identify it.

4.2. Permanent 1.2

4.2.1. conclusions

The structural configuration of the building was determined in which it was possible
to determine that we have 2 different systems; in the X direction, the framed system
predominates, while in the Y direction the confined masonry system predominates.

Irregularities both in plan and in height were calculated, concluding that the building
presents irregularity in height Ia=0.90 and irregularity in plan Ip=0.85 and that it directly
affects the basic seismic reduction factor.

The manual static shear at the base of the structure was calculated, which has a
value of 90,124 tonf, which is greater than that provided by the Etabs program with a value
of 65,204 tonf.

It was verified that the dynamic shear, which has a value of 74.10 tonf, is greater
than 90% of the static shear of 58,684 tonf, perfectly complying with the provisions of Article
29.4 of Standard E.030.

4.2.2. recommendations

It is advisable to correctly interpret the National Building Regulations when obtaining

the necessary parameters to calculate the shear force at the base.

46
 It is important to determine the irregularity factors in plan and height in detail, since
these will decrease the value of the seismic reduction coefficient and in turn amplify the
shear force at the base.

The Etabs software is a very important tool for the analysis of structures, that is why
we must correctly define the materials and sections of the elements that make up the
building, as well as assign the corresponding loads to each level to obtain a model that fits
to reality.

4.3. Permanent 1.3

4.3.1. conclusions

In the modeling of structures, the correct understanding of the AutoCAD plans is very
important, that is, the details must be well interpreted so that they can be transferred to the
elements created in the software.

To correctly apply BIM modeling in structures, it is necessary to have a knowledge

base in the competencies of the order of a construction process in a building. In this way
they complement project management skills and ensure quality.

When modeling the structures, we recognize the different elements that we have and
their variation. To recognize them, each one must be well codified and in order of hierarchy.
Thus, Revit offers an adequate representation and quantification for a correct planning of
the following deliverables.

4.3.2. recommendations

Define before modeling which are the structural elements that will be created in Revit
and which will remain only as 2D details on the plan.

Each modeled element must have its respective coding so that it is understandable
and easy to locate for a future review if there are errors.

When placing the type of material, make sure that concrete is being used (Concrete
in the software) since there are similar materials, but they do not have the same properties.

Try to make the modeling extremely faithful to the plans of structural details, so the
simulation will be more effective and accurate.

47
 It is important to configure the units before starting to model as this affects the entire
project, as well as checking that the AutoCAD project is in the correct units before importing.

4.4. Permanent 2.1

4.4.1. conclusions

The hydraulic design of the cold, hot, drainage and ventilation water network was
carried out in order to determine the diameter of the pipes.

The modeling of Sanitary Installations was carried out in Revit taking into account
the interference that could exist, for this we did not guide with the help of the isometric initially
proposed.

To find the load capacity, other methods can be used, such as the general Meyerhoff
equation, which considers shape factors, load capacity factors, depth factors and inclination
factors, obtaining a value of 2.87.kg/cm2, unlike the Norma E.050 of1,853 kg/cm2, this
considers more factors, obtaining a higher admissible load capacity, which shows that the
standard is much more conservative and adheres to a more critical state of admissible
capacity.

Analyzing the admissible load capacities for both methods, we realize that a lower
admissible load capacity is the EMS method, for which reason the samples obtained in the
field must be reviewed and the laboratory tests reviewed since we could have an oversizing
of the foundations, which generates cost overruns for their construction.

4.4.2. recommendations

Sanitary facilities in buildings must be located in coordination with the design of

structures, in such a way that they do not compromise their structural elements, during their
assembly and during their useful life.

The load capacity of the soil is directly proportional to the values of B and L, these
can be reduced in size to obtain a lower load capacity but that meets the minimum, obtaining
a smaller amount of concrete, therefore a more economical structure.

Other methods can be considered for calculating the bearing capacity of the soil
depending on the characteristics of the foundation and the data provided from the soil
mechanics study.

48
4.5. Permanent 2.2

4.5.1. conclusions

The measurement of the materials of the structure model was carried out considering
the formwork, masonry and concrete volumes.

The cost of some items was calculated based on the planning table created by the
group, the cost magazine was used for this section.

With the help of Navisworks Manage, project interferences that generated

incompatibilities were detected; and with the help of the schedule of activities made by the
Ms Project software, the correct simulation of the project could be carried out.

4.5.2. recommendations

The Revit software allows exporting the measurement directly to Excel tables, but it
is necessary to have correctly carried out the modeling with the appropriate material
characteristics to avoid errors when exporting said tables.

The detection of interferences displayed in Navisworks Manage must be corrected

in the Revit program, in order to update these modifications and minimize modeling errors.

The yellow line equipment used to generate animations in Animator must be

downloaded directly from the link provided by the teacher, so that it does not represent a
problem when making the construction process video.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

Technical Standard E.020. Burdens (2006). National Building Regulations.

Technical Standard E.030. Seismic resistant design (2018). National Building

Regulations.

Technical Standard IS 0.10 (2006). Sanitary installations for buildings

49
 Rosado, JJ (2010). Evaluation of post-construction problems to improve the
performance of sanitary facilities in multi-family buildings. Lime.

Technical Standard E.050 (2018). Soils and foundations.

Braja M. Das. (2008). Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering, CENGAGE

Learning, Mexico.

León, Mauricio (2021) Construction Information Modeling Manual”

Hardin, B., & McCool, D. (2015). BIM and construction management. Wiley

Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation. (2012). National Building

Regulations. Lima: Macro EIRL Publishing Company

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