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    Cell Structure and Function Part 3

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    Suli Flamenco
    This document discusses cell membrane structure and function, including: 1) The fluid mosaic model which describes membranes as a fluid bilayer with embedded proteins that gives it a mosaic appearance. 2) Passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion which move molecules down concentration gradients without energy expenditure. 3) Active transport mechanisms like primary active transport which directly uses ATP hydrolysis and secondary active transport which couples molecule transport to an ion gradient, both requiring energy to move molecules against concentration gradients.

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    Cell Structure and Function Part 3

    Uploaded by

    Suli Flamenco
    23 views14 pages
    This document discusses cell membrane structure and function, including: 1) The fluid mosaic model which describes membranes as a fluid bilayer with embedded proteins that gives it a mosaic appearance. 2) Passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion which move molecules down concentration gradients without energy expenditure. 3) Active transport mechanisms like primary active transport which directly uses ATP hydrolysis and secondary active transport which couples molecule transport to an ion gradient, both requiring energy to move molecules against concentration gradients.

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    Cell Structure and Function Part 3 (1)

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    This document discusses cell membrane structure and function, including: 1) The fluid mosaic model which describes membranes as a fluid bilayer with embedded proteins that gives it a mosaic appearance. 2) Passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion which move molecules down concentration gradients without energy expenditure. 3) Active transport mechanisms like primary active transport which directly uses ATP hydrolysis and secondary active transport which couples molecule transport to an ion gradient, both requiring energy to move molecules against concentration gradients.

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    23 views14 pages

    Cell Structure and Function Part 3

    Uploaded by

    Suli Flamenco
    This document discusses cell membrane structure and function, including: 1) The fluid mosaic model which describes membranes as a fluid bilayer with embedded proteins that gives it a mosaic appearance. 2) Passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion which move molecules down concentration gradients without energy expenditure. 3) Active transport mechanisms like primary active transport which directly uses ATP hydrolysis and secondary active transport which couples molecule transport to an ion gradient, both requiring energy to move molecules against concentration gradients.

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    of 14

    Cell structure and function part 3-4

    Dr. Hiba Sabra


    Cell structure and function
    Content
    • Fluid mosaic model

    • Passive transport

    • Active transport
    Cell structure and function
    General properties of biomembranes

    Protein Channel

    Membrane transport protein=


    transporter
    Cell structure and function
    The uid mosaic model

    Fluid: individual phospholipids


    and some proteins can move
    sideways (lateral) in each layer-
    therefore Fluid

    Mosaic: range of different proteins


    resting on the surface or through
    phospholipid layer gives it a
    mosaic appearance
    fl

    Cell structure and function


    Di usion of phospholipids
    ff
    Cell structure and function
    Membrane proteins
    Cell structure and function
    Membrane transport-Passive transport
    Passive transport mechanism does not require cellular energy to transport
    molecules across cell membrane. So it is a passive transport

    In this transport system, molecules are transported from its


    higher concentration to the lower concentration until
    concentration gradient is diminished.

    Passive transport does not work against concentration gradient

    Passive transport includes:

    Simple diffusion

    Osmosis

    Facilitated diffusion

    Cell structure and function


    Membrane transport-Passive transport-Simple di usion

    Simple diffusion is the transport or movement of molecules from


    higher concentration to lower concentration without expenditure
    of energy.
    In this process, molecules simply diffuses through the pore of cell
    membrane.
    Simple diffusion do not require transporter protein.
    When the concentration of molecules is different inside and
    outside of the cell membrane, concentration gradient is
    established. Then the molecules moves from higher
    concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is
    maintained.
    When the concentration of molecules becomes equal on both
    side of the membrane, transport process stops.

    ff
    Cell structure and function
    Membrane transport-Passive transport-Osmosis
    The movement of solvent (water) across membrane in response to the concentration
    gradient of solute is known as Osmosis

    Animal cell
    Plant cell
    Cell structure and function
    Membrane transport-Passive transport-facilitated di usion

    The process of facilitated diffusion is


    similar to simple diffusion as the molecules
    ows from higher concentration to lower
    concentration but it is different from simple
    diffusion because it requires transporter
    protein for the process.

    The transporter protein is known as


    protein channel or carrier protein
    fl
    ff
    Cell structure and function
    Membrane transport-Active transport

    Active transport requires transporter protein and continuous supply of cellular


    energy for the transport of molecules across concentration gradient of the
    membrane.
    Active transport is very important to transport the molecules which are present in
    very low concentration in the medium.

    In active transport permease or transporter


    protein carries the molecules across the
    membrane and the energy required to
    transport is obtained by ATP or Ion gradient.
    The substances transported by active transport are glucose, aminoacids, organic
    acids and inorganic ions
    Active transport system includes:
    Primary active transport
    Secondary active transport

    Cell structure and function


    Membrane transport-Active transport

    Primary (direct) active transport – Involves the direct use of metabolic energy (e.g.
    ATP hydrolysis) to mediate transport

    Secondary (indirect) active transport: Involves coupling the molecule with another
    moving along an electrochemical gradient
    Cell structure and function
    Membrane transport-Active transport-Primary active transport example
    Sodium Potassium Pump
    Cell structure and function
    Membrane transport-Active transport-Secondary active transport example

    Sodium Glucose Pump

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