Current Affairs (Slide 2 Tropical Cyclone)

TOPIC 1 Cyclone Biparjoy
Cyclone
Cyclones are rapid inward air circulation around a low-pressure area. The air circulates in an
anticlockwise direction in the Northern hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern hemisphere.
Cyclones are usually accompanied by violent storms and bad weather
There are two types of cyclones:

Tropical cyclones Tropical cyclones develop in the region between the Tropics of Capricorn and
Cancer.
Temperate cyclones occur in temperate zones and high latitude regions, though they are known
to originate in the Polar Regions
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Cyclone Biparjoy 2023
It was located about 900 kilometres southwest of Mumbai and 850 kilometres west of Goa. By June 13,
the cyclone is expected to intensify over the following three days and become a very severe cyclonic
storm
Cyclone Biparjoy Meaning
Bangladesh gave a tropical cyclone the name “Biparjoy,” which is Bengali for “calamity” or
“disaster.”
Cyclone Biparjoy, which has wind gusts up to 150 kmph and maximum sustained winds of 125–135
kmph, poses a serious threat to the Gujarat coast
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How it was named?

Origin of Cyclone Biparjoy’s Name: ‘Biparjoy’ was suggested by Bangladesh
and the word means ‘disaster’ or ‘calamity’ in Bengali. The next cyclone after
Biparjoy will be named ‘Tej’ based on India’s suggestion.
Rotational Basis for Naming: The naming of cyclones is done by countries on a
rotational basis, following certain existing guidelines.
Responsibilities of RSMCs and TCWCs: Worldwide, there are six regional
specialized meteorological centers (RSMCs) and five regional Tropical Cyclone
Warning Centers (TCWCs) mandated for issuing advisories and naming of
tropical cyclones.
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IMD’s Role: IMD is one of the six RSMCs providing tropical cyclone and storm surge
advisories to 13 member countries under the WMO/Economic and Social
Commission for Asia-Pacific (ESCAP) Panel.
Naming Authority of IMD: RSMC, New Delhi, is also mandated to name the
tropical cyclones developing over the north Indian Ocean, including the Bay of
Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
Guidelines for Naming: Some rules are to be followed while naming cyclones,
such as being neutral to politics, religious beliefs, cultures, and gender,
avoiding offensive or cruel names, and keeping the name short and easy to
pronounce.
Next Cyclone Name: After Bangladesh, the next cyclone will be named ‘Tej’
based on India’s suggestion.
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IMD’s Role: IMD is one of the six RSMCs providing tropical cyclone and storm surge
advisories to 13 member countries under the WMO/Economic and Social
Commission for Asia-Pacific (ESCAP) Panel.
Naming Authority of IMD: RSMC, New Delhi, is also mandated to name the
tropical cyclones developing over the north Indian Ocean, including the Bay of
Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
Guidelines for Naming: Some rules are to be followed while naming cyclones,
such as being neutral to politics, religious beliefs, cultures, and gender,
avoiding offensive or cruel names, and keeping the name short and easy to
pronounce.
Next Cyclone Name: After Bangladesh, the next cyclone will be named ‘Tej’
based on India’s suggestion.
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Guidelines
In 2000, a group of nations called WMO/ESCAP (World Meteorological
Organisation/United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the
Pacific), which comprised Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Myanmar, Oman,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand, decided to start naming cyclones in the region.
After each country sent in suggestions, the WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical
Cyclones (PTC) finalised the list.
The WMO/ESCAP expanded to include five more countries in 2018 — Iran,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
The list of 169 cyclone names released by IMD in April 2020 were provided by
these countries — 13 suggestions from each of the 13 countries.
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TOPIC 1 Tropical Cyclone
Tropical cyclones are violent storms that originate over oceans in tropical areas and
move over to the coastal areas bringing about large scale destruction caused by
violent winds, very heavy rainfall and storm surges.
Tropical Cyclones are one of the most devastating natural calamities in the world.
Tropical cyclones originate and intensify over warm tropical oceans.
The conditions favourable for the formation and intensification of tropical storms
are:
Large sea surface with temperature higher than 27° C.
Presence of the Coriolis force.
Small variations in the vertical wind speed.
A pre-existing weak low- pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation.
Upper divergence above the sea level system.
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TOPIC 1 Cyclone
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TOPIC 1 Temperate cyclones
These are active above the mid-latitudinal region between 35° and 65° latitude in both the
hemispheres. The direction of movement is from west to east and more pronounced in the
winter seasons. It is in these latitude zones the polar and tropical air masses meet and
form fronts
The origin and development of temperate cyclones is best explained by the Polar Front theory.
According to this theory, the warm-humid air masses from the tropics meet the dry-cold air masses
from the poles and thus a polar front is formed
Extratropical cyclones present a contrast to the more violent cyclones or hurricanes of the tropics,
which form in regions of relatively uniform temperatures
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TOPIC 1 Pacific Ocean
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TOPIC 1 El Nino
El Nino was first recognized by Peruvian fishermen off the coast of Peru as the appearance of
unusually warm water.
The Spanish immigrants called it El Nino, meaning “the little boy” in Spanish.
El Nino soon came to describe irregular and intense climate changes rather than just the warming of
coastal surface waters.
The El Nino event is not a regular cycle, they are not predictable and occur irregularly at two- to
seven-year intervals.
The climatologists determined that El Nino occurs simultaneously with the Southern Oscillation.
The Southern Oscillation is a change in air pressure over the tropical Pacific Ocean.
When coastal waters become warmer in the eastern tropical Pacific (El Nino), the atmospheric
pressure above the ocean decreases.
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TOPIC 1 El Nino Impact on India
Weak Monsoon for India: The development of an El Nino in May or June 2023 may cause weakening of
the southwest monsoon season, which brings around 70% of the total rainfall India receives and on
which most of its farmers still depend.
Hot Temperatures: It may also cause heatwaves and droughts in India and other regions around the
world such as South Africa, Australia, Indonesia and the Pacific Islands
Rising Global Average Temp: The El Nino in 2023 and going into 2024 may push the global average
temperature towards 1.5°C warmer than the preindustrial average
The warming of the oceans is also one of the major impacts of an El Nino event
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TOPIC 1 El NINO map
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TOPIC 1 La Nina
La Nina means The Little Girl in Spanish. It is also sometimes called El Viejo, anti-El Nino, or simply "a
cold event."
La Nina events represent periods of below-average sea surface temperatures across the east-central
Equatorial Pacific.
It is indicated by sea-surface temperature decreased by more than 0.9℉ for at least five successive
three-month seasons.
La Nina event is observed when the water temperature in the Eastern Pacific gets comparatively
colder than normal, as a consequence of which, there is a strong high pressure over the eastern
equatorial Pacific.
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TOPIC 1 la Nina Impact on India
In the ‘La Nina year’, rainfall associated with the summer monsoon in Southeast Asia tends to be
greater than normal, especially in northwest India and Bangladesh.

This generally benefits the Indian economy, which depends on the monsoon for agriculture and
industry.
It usually brings in colder than normal winters in India.
La Nina influences the Indian subcontinent by piping in cold air from Siberia and South China, which
interacts with the tropical heating to produce a north-south low-pressure system.
The cold air of La Nina associated with this north-south trough tends to extend much further south
into India.
This is remarkably different from the more northwest-southeast blast of cold air associated with El
Nino.
The pressure pattern going north-south means lesser impact of western disturbances.
The cold temperature can go down as far as Tamil Nadu, but may not affect the North East that
much.
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TOPIC 1 MONSOON
The climate of India is described as the ‘monsoon’ type
the monsoons are experienced in the tropical area roughly between 20° N and 20° S.
In India monsoon occupy 2 divisions

The southwest monsoon season - Rainfall received from the southwest monsoons is seasonal in
character, which occurs between June and September.

The retreating monsoon season - The months of October and November are known for retreating
monsoons
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TOPIC 1 South-West Monsoon
Factors Influencing South-West Monsoon Formation
1} The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates a low pressure on the landmass of
India while the seas around experience comparatively high pressure
2}The Tibetan plateau
3}The presence of the high-pressure area, east of Madagascar, approximately at 20°S over the Indian
Ocean. The intensity and position of this high-pressure area affect the Indian Monsoon
4}The southeast trade winds of the southern hemisphere cross the equator and start blowing in
southwest to northeast direction under the influence of Coriolis force.
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TOPIC 1 Retreating Monsoon
The retreating southwest monsoon season is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature.
The land is still moist. Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather
becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’.
In the second half of October, the mercury begins to fall rapidly, particularly in northern India.
The weather in the retreating monsoon is dry in north India but it is associated with rain in the eastern
part of the Peninsula. Here, October and November are the rainiest months of the year.
The widespread rain in this season is associated with the passage of cyclonic depressions which
originate over the Andaman Sea and manage to cross the eastern coast of the southern Peninsula.
These tropical cyclones are very destructive.
A bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel Coast is derived from these depressions and cyclones.
Unlike the rest of the country, which receives rain in the southwest monsoon season between June
and September, the northeast monsoon is crucial for farming and water security in the south
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TOPIC 1 Monsoon map
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Current Affairs (Slide 2 Tropical Cyclone)

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Current Affairs (Slide 2 Tropical Cyclone)

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TOPIC 1 Cyclone Biparjoy

There are two types of cyclones:

How it was named?

In India monsoon occupy 2 divisions

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