Draft Initial Environmental Examination

July 2013

SRI: Greater Colombo Water and Wastewater

Management Improvement Investment Program
(Ambatale Water Supply System Improvements and
Energy Saving Project)

Prepared by the National Water Supply and Drainage Board Government of Sri Lanka for the
Asian Development Bank.
 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
(as of 11 July 2013)
Currency Unit – Sri Lanka rupees (SLRs)
SLRs1.00 = $0.007645
$1.00 = SLRs. 130.80

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank

AP – affected person
CEA – Central Environment Authority
CCD – Coast Conservation Department
CMC – Colombo Municipal Council
DMA – district metering area
EMP – environmental management plan
GRC – grievance redressal committee
GCWWMIIP – Greater Colombo Wastewater Management
Improvement Investment Program
GN – Grama Niladhari
GRC – grievance redressal committee
GRM – grievance redress mechanism
IEE – initial environmental examination
MASC – management advisory and supervision consultant
MWSD – Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage
MLGPC – Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Council
NRW – non-revenue water
NWSDB – National Water Supply and Drainage Board
O&M – operations and maintenance
PMU – project management unit
PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance
PRO – public relations officer
REA – rapid environmental assessment
RSC – regional support center
SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement
WC – Western Central

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

km – kilometer
km2 – square kilometer
m2 – square meter
mm – millimeter
m3/day – cubic meter per day
 NOTE{S}

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

“SLRs” and “ ” refer to Sri Lankan rupees.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed
herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff,
and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any
designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB
does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 3
A. ADB Policy 3
B. National Laws 4
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 7
A. Existing Condition and Need for the Project 7
B. Proposed Project Components 7
C. Implementation Schedule 9
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 9
A. Methodology Used for the Baseline Study 9
B. Physical Characteristics 10
C. Ecological Characteristics 13
D. Socioeconomic Profile 14
E. Social and Cultural Characteristics 17
V. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 18
A. Anticipated Impacts – Planning and Design Phase 18
B. Anticipated Impacts – Construction Phase 22
C. Anticipated Impacts – Operations and Maintenance Phase 24
D. Mitigation Measures 25
E. Cumulative Impact Assessment 31
VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION 32
A. Public Consultation Conducted 32
B. Future Consultation and Disclosure 33
VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 34
VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 36
A. Institutional Arrangement 37
B. Capacity Building 41
C. Environmental Management Action Plan 42
D. Reporting 60
E. Environmental Costs 60
IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 63
APPENDIXES:
1. ADB REA Checklist 65
2. Details of Ambatale Project Investments 68
3. Records of Public Consultations 69
4. Sample Grievance Redress Form 79
5. Outline TOR for Environment Management Specialist (MASC) 80
6. Suggested Outline for the Environmental Monitoring Report 81
7. Summary of Procedure for Obtaining Written Permission from Department of 83
Archaeology
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The Greater Colombo Water and Wastewater Management Improvement Investment

Program (GCWWMIIP) will complement the past and ongoing efforts of the government to
improve water supply availability and wastewater services to the residents of Greater Colombo
to unleash its economic growth potential. It will also assist the government in introducing
institutional and regulatory reforms in the sector, particularly in Greater Colombo.

2. The investment program uses a multitranche financing facility (MFF) and will be
implemented from 2013 to 2020. Investments under the MFF will be delivered in four projects.
As per ADB’s safeguard requirements, an environmental assessment and review framework
(EARF) is prepared to guide environmental assessment throughout the entire MFF period.

3. Ambatale water supply system improvements and energy saving project is one of the
projects proposed in GCWWMIIP. Energy audits carried out in 2006 and 2008 had shown that
efficiency of the pumps in Ambatale water treatment plant has fallen below acceptable levels. It
is found in these studies that the energy cost can be effectively saved by introducing efficiency
enhancement measures. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects
of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in
ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
addresses components proposed under GCWWMIIP which includes water supply and
sewerage components.

4. Categorization. Ambatale water supply system improvements and energy saving

project is classified as Environmental Category B as per ADB SPS, 2009 as no significant
impacts are envisioned. Accordingly this IEE has been prepared and assesses the
environmental impacts and provides mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure no
significant impacts as a result of the subproject.

5. Project Scope. The project is formulated under GCWWMIIP to address gaps in water
supply infrastructure in a holistic and integrated manner. The main objective of GCWWMIIP is to
improve water and wastewater service and management efficiency, security and have an
important effect on public health in Greater Colombo. Investments under this project includes: (i)
improving energy efficiency and service efficiency at Ambatale water treatment plant; (ii)
Improving level of water supply service to Colombo City until the year 2040; and (iii) building
capacity on operation and maintenance of treatment plant and in energy saving.

6. Implementation Arrangements. The executing agencies are the Ministry of Water

Supply and Drainage (MWSD) and the Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Council
(MLGPC). The implementing agencies are the National Water Supply and Drainage Board
(NWSDB) for water supply projects and the Colombo Municipal Council for wastewater projects.
Project management units (PMUs) will be established in each implementing agency. A team of
senior technical, administrative and financial officials, including safeguards specialists, will
assist the PMU in managing and monitoring implementation activities. Consultant teams are
responsible for project planning and management and assuring technical quality of design and
construction; and designing the infrastructure and supervising construction; and safeguards
preparation.

7. Description of the Environment. Project components are located in Greater Colombo

urban area and there is no natural habitat left at these sites. The project sites are located in
existing right of ways (RoWs) and government-owned land. There are no protected areas,
ii

wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the project location. There are no forest areas
within or near Ambatale. Soils are deep, and do not require cutting of rocks for pipe laying.

8. Environmental Management. An environmental management plan (EMP) is included

as part of this IEE, which includes (i) mitigation measures for environmental impacts during
implementation; (ii) an environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for
mitigating, monitoring, and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and (iv)
a grievance redress mechanism. A number of impacts and their significance have already been
reduced by amending the designs. The EMP will be included in civil work bidding and contract
documents.

9. Locations and siting of the proposed infrastructures were considered to further reduce
impacts. These include (i) locating facilities on government-owned land to avoid the need for
land acquisition and relocation of people; and (ii) laying of pipes in RoWs alongside
main/access roads, to reduce acquisition of land and impacts on livelihoods specifically in
densely populated areas of the city.

10. Potential impacts were identified in relation to location, design, construction and
operation of the improved infrastructure. Planning principles and design considerations have
been reviewed and incorporated into the site planning process whenever possible. Various
design-related measures suggested for the water treatment plant are: energy efficiency design,
automation and Improvement to existing telemetry system, and sludge treatment and disposal
system.

11. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of
moderate quantities of waste soil and disturbance of residents, businesses, and traffic.
Mitigation measures have been developed in generic way to reduce all negative impacts to
acceptable levels. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well
developed methods for their mitigation. Measures such as conducting work in lean season and
minimizing inconvenience by best construction methods will be employed. Traffic management
will be necessary during pipe-laying on busy roads. Temporary social impacts due to
construction activities are not avoidable, as residential and commercial establishments exist
along the project corridor. A resettlement plan has been developed in accordance with ADB
SPS, 2009 and Sri Lankan laws and regulations.

12. In the operational phase, all facilities and infrastructure will operate with routine
maintenance, which should not affect the environment. Facilities will need to be repaired from
time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than those of the construction period
as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas only.

13. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable
levels. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring to be conducted
during construction. The environmental monitoring program will ensure that all measures are
implemented, and will determine whether the environment is protected as intended. It will
include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and
beneficiaries. Any requirements for corrective action will be reported to the ADB.

14. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through discussions on-site and
public consultation, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and in the
planning and development of the subproject. The IEE will be made available at public locations
in the city and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB and NWSDB websites. The
 iii

consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure
that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its
development and implementation.

15. The citizens of the Greater Colombo will be the major beneficiaries of this subproject.
With the improved water supply, they will be provided with a constant supply of better quality
water, piped into their homes. In addition to improved environmental conditions, the project will
improve the over-all health condition of the town.

16. The most noticeable net environmental benefits to the population of the towns will be
positive and large as a result of improved: (i) water efficiency and security through the
implementation of NRW reduction programs and expansion and rehabilitation water supply
infrastructure respectively; and (ii) river water quality through the expansion of sewerage
networks, treatment capacity and sanitation coverage.

17. Consultation, Disclosure and Grievance Redress. Public consultations were done in
the preparation of the project and IEE. Ongoing consultations will occur throughout the project
implementation period with the assistance of the NGOs. A grievance redress mechanism is
described within the IEE to ensure any public grievances are addressed quickly.

18. Monitoring and Reporting. The PMU, PIUs, and management and supervision
consultants (MASC) will be responsible for monitoring. The MASC will submit monthly
monitoring reports to PMU, and the PMU will send semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB
will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website.

19. Conclusions and Recommendations. Therefore the proposed project is unlikely to

cause significant adverse impacts. The potential impacts that are associated with design,
construction and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper
engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures
and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant impacts and the
classification of the subproject as Category “B” is confirmed. No further special study or detailed
environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS, 2009
or Sri Lankan EIA National Environmental Act and its amendments.
 I. INTRODUCTION

1. Current infrastructure deficiencies and deteriorating levels of service in both water

supply and wastewater are emerging as serious constraints to economic development,
environmental management, and quality of life in Greater Colombo, and threaten to frustrate the
Government of Sri Lanka's development plans. 1 The Greater Colombo Water and Wastewater
Management Improvement Investment Program (GCWWMIIP) will complement the past and
ongoing efforts of the government to improve water supply availability and wastewater services
to the residents of Greater Colombo to unleash its economic growth potential. It will also assist
the government in introducing institutional and regulatory reforms in the sector, particularly in
Greater Colombo.

2. The impact of GCWWMIIP will be improved urban environment and quality of life for the
residents of Greater Colombo. The expected outcome will be improved water and wastewater
service and management efficiency in Greater Colombo. The expected outputs are:

(i) Rehabilitated water supply network and reduced non-revenue water (NRW)
in Colombo City: (a) network rehabilitation and replacement in critical areas 2 of
Central Colombo; (b) network rehabilitation and replacement outside critical
areas of Central Colombo; and (c) NRW reduction mechanism in Colombo City.
(ii) Improved wastewater services in Greater Colombo: (a) rehabilitation of 30 km
of critical sewers, and expansion of collection sewers to unsewered areas (45
km) and unserved areas (400 km); (b) provision of sewer connections; and (c)
construction of two wastewater treatment plants 3, with total capacity of about
174,000 m3/day, to secondary treatment standard.
(iii) Institutionally strengthened, reformed, and more capable service providers:
For NWSDB: (a) establishment of an operations performance audit cell 4 in
NWSDB; (b) decentralization of all Colombo City operations to the Regional
Support Center Western Central (RSC WC) 5, including delegation of greater
administrative and financial authority to the deputy general manager, RSC WC;
(c) preparation of an asset management register for RSC WC; (d) provision of
management advisory services to coordinate and manage all NRW reduction
activities in Colombo City, including productivity-linked payments for physical
water loss reduction; (e) implementation of an effective public awareness
campaigns, and participation of women and nongovernment organizations
(NGOs); and (f) enhancement of financial sustainability through increasing water
tariffs to affordable levels, in line with the regional tariff study 6, and progressively
increasing the introductory tariff of SLRs. 3/m3 tariff 7 levied on tenement gardens
to the same level as the residential tariff. For CMC: (a) preparation of an
inventory of wastewater assets; (b) establishment of an accounting system as a
separate cost center, and preparation of financial projections for the wastewater

1
Government of Sri Lanka. 2010. Mahinda Chintana: Vision for a New Sri Lanka. 2010-2020.
2
The critical areas in Central Colombo are Kotahena, Mattakkuliya, Grandpass, and Modera. The Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) is currently implementing network rehabilitation in the adjacent area.
3 3 3
Two treatment plants at Mutwal/Madampitiya, 120,000 m /day, and Welawatta, 54,000 m /day
4
The cell will monitor corporate performance indicators and audit NRW reductions in all RSCs.
5
Includes transfer of meter reading and billing of all customers, including priority customers, O&M, and NRW
reduction in Colombo City, and planning, GIS map validation, and network model calibration.
6
ADB R-CDTA 45373. Promotion Financially Sustainable Regulatory Framework for Water Tariff in South Asia
7
The tariff will be increased to the same level as the residential tariff by 2018.
2

service; (c) introduction of a wastewater charge to recover fully the operations

and maintenance (O&M) cost of the wastewater services; and (d) preparation a
bid document for a management contract to operate the wastewater treatment
plants.
(iv) A successfully managed and implemented investment program: (a)
preparation of remaining projects; (b) improvement of staff operational
performance capacity through training; and (c) program implementation support.

3. The executing agencies are the Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage (MWSD) and the
Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Council (MLGPC). The implementing agencies are
the National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB) for water supply components and the
Colombo Municipal Council for wastewater components. The investment program uses a
multitranche financing facility (MFF) and will be implemented from 2013 to 2020. Investments
under the MFF will be delivered in four projects. Project 2 will be implemented in 2013 and will
continue to focus on reducing NRW and improving water service efficiency in Colombo City.
Projects 3 and 4 will be implemented in 2015 and 2016 respectively, and both will include
improvements in wastewater services and expand the service coverage to other areas of
Greater Colombo. 8

4. ADB requires consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of its operations, and
the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy
Statement (SPS), 2009. According to the SPS, environmental assessment is required for all
projects under a MFF modality. An environmental assessment and review framework (EARF) is
prepared to guide environmental assessment throughout the entire MFF period.

5. This initial environmental examination (IEE) is prepared for Ambatale water supply
system improvements and energy saving project (Ambatale project) which includes civil works,
capacity building activities, and project management and implementation. A detailed description
of the investments is provided in Section III. Under this project, the proposed project is expected
to have the following benefits: (i) rehabilitation of distribution network, which will result in
substantial reduction in water losses in the project area from the current 49% losses to 20%
losses; and (ii) proper accounting for use of water and system losses by installation of metered
connections.

6. The environmental impacts of the investments under Ambatale project have been
identified and assessed as part of the planning and design process, and actions will be taken to
reduce those impacts to acceptable levels. An environmental assessment using ADB’s Rapid
Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist for Water Supply (Appendix 1) was conducted, and
results of the assessment show that the project is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts.
Thus, this IEE has been prepared in accordance with ADB SPS’s requirements for environment
category B projects and to meet the following objectives:

(i) to provide critical facts, significant findings, and recommended actions;

(ii) to present the national and local legal and institutional framework within which
the environmental assessment has been carried out;

8
Greater Colombo comprises 7 local authorities: 3 municipal councils (Colombo, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, and Sri
Jayawardenepura-Kotte), 2 urban councils, and 2 Pradeshiya Sabhas (smallest political unit in peri-urban or rural
areas).
 3

(iii) to provide information on the existing geographic, ecological, social, and

temporal contexts, including associated facilities within the project’s area of
influence;
(iv) to assess the project’s likely positive and negative direct and indirect impacts on
physical, biological, socioeconomic, and physical cultural resources in the
project’s area of influence;
(v) to identify mitigation measures and any residual negative impacts that cannot be
mitigated;
(vi) to describe the process undertaken during project design to engage
stakeholders, the planned information disclosure measures, and the process for
carrying out consultation with affected people and facilitating their participation
during project implementation;
(vii) to describe the project’s grievance redressal mechanism for resolving complaints
about environmental performance;
(viii) to present the set of mitigation measures to be undertaken to avoid, reduce,
mitigate, or compensate for adverse environmental impacts;
(ix) to describe the monitoring measures and reporting procedures to ensure early
detection of conditions that necessitate particular mitigation measures; and
(x) to identify who is responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring
measures.

II. P OLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINIS TRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. ADB P o lic y

7. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB’s

operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB SPS,
2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program
loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries,
and private sector loans.

8. Screening and categorization. The nature of the environmental assessment required

for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the
type and location of the project; the sensitivity, scale, nature, and magnitude of its potential
impacts; and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for
their expected environmental impacts, and are assigned to one of the following four categories:

(i) Category A. Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An

EIA is required to address significant impacts.
(ii) Category B. Projects could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of
lesser degree or significance than those in category A. An IEE is required to
determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely.
If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment
report.
(iii) Category C. Projects are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA
or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed.
(iv) Category FI. Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an
equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply
an environmental management system, unless all projects will result in insignificant
impacts.
4

9. Environmental management plan. An EMP, which addresses the potential impacts

and risks identified by the environmental assessment, shall be prepared. The level of detail and
complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be
commensurate with the project’s impact and risks.

10. Public disclosure. ADB will post the following safeguard documents on its website so
affected people, other stakeholders, and the general public can provide meaningful inputs into
the project design and implementation:

(i) for environmental category A projects, draft EIA report at least 120 days before
Board consideration;
(ii) final or updated EIA and/or IEE upon receipt; and
(iii) environmental monitoring reports submitted by the project management unit (PMU)
during project implementation upon receipt.

B. Na tio n a l Laws

11. The implementation of the projects will be governed by Government of Sri Lanka
environmental acts, rules, regulations, and standards. These regulations impose restrictions on
the activities to minimize/mitigate likely impacts on the environment. It is the responsibility of the
project executing and implementing agencies to ensure projects are consistent with the legal
framework, whether national, state, or municipal/local. Compliance is required in all stages of
the project, including design, construction, and operation and maintenance. The summary of
environmental regulations and mandatory requirements for the proposed project is shown in
Table 1.

Table 1: Applicable Environmental Regulations

Policy, Legal, and Permit/
Required for the
Administrative Description/ Salient Features Clearance
Project?
Framework Required
National Environment Act The requirements for environmental Environmental Not applicable.
No. 47 of 1980 and its assessment in Sri Lanka are clearance from
amendments established by the National Central The project components
Environment Act, and the procedures Environmental are not included in the
are defined in the Environmental Authority prescribed activities,
Impact Assessment Regulations and the project area
(1993). The regulations specify does not fall within
activities for which environmental sensitives areas.
assessment is mandatory. Projects
9
that fall within sensitive areas are
also required to undergo
environmental assessment.

9
Sensitive areas are defined in the EIA Regulations as: (i) any erodable area declared under the Soil Conservation
Act (Chapter 540); (ii) any flood area declared under the Flood Protection Ordinance (1924, 1955); (iii) any flood
protection area declared under the Land Reclamation and Development Corporation Act (1968, 1982); (iv) 60 m
from the bank of a public stream as defined in the Crown Land Ordinance (Chapter 454) and having a width of
more than 25 m at any point in its course; (v) any reservation beyond the full supply level of a reservoir; (vi) any
archaeological reserve, ancient or protected monument as defined or declared under the Antiquities Ordinance
(1965); (vii) any area declared under the Botanic Gardens Ordinance (1928, 1973); (viii) areas within or less than
100 m from the boundaries of any area declared under the Forest Ordinance and National Heritage and
Wilderness Act (1988); (ix) areas within or less than 100 m from the boundaries of any area declared as a
sanctuary under the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance (1937); (x) areas within or less than 100 m from the
high flood level contour of a public lake, as defined by the Crown Lands Ordinance (1947, 1949, 1956), including
those declared under Section 71 of the ordinance.
 5

Policy, Legal, and Permit/

Administrative
Framework
National Environment Act
No. 47 of 1980 and its
amendments, Gazette
Notification No: 1533/16 of
25 January 2008
The Coast Conservation
Act No. 57 of 1981
amended by Act No. 64 of
1988
The Fauna and Flora
Protection Ordinance Act
No. 49 of 1993 and its
amendments
The Mines and Mineral Act
No. 33 of 1992
Required for the
Description/ Salient Features Clearance
Project?
Required
Applicable for industries/activities with Environmental Not applicable.
potential to discharge effluents, protection license
deposit wastes, emit from Central The project is not
smoke/gases/fumes/vapor or Environmental included in the Gazette
excessive noise /vibration into the Authority Notification No: 1533/16
environment. Gazette Notification No: of 25 Jan 2008
1533/16 of 25 Jan 2008 prescribes the prescribed list of
industries/activities required to obtain industries/activities.
an environmental protection license.
The law specifies that approval from Permit from the Required.
the Coast Conservation Department Coast
must be obtained if a project is Conservation The project area
11
located:(i) wholly or partly within the Department for includes sites which
coastal zone (the area lying within a all works in the fall in prescribed areas
limit of 300 m landwards of the mean coastal zone under the Coast
high water line and a limit of 2 km Conservation Act; thus,
seawards of the mean low water line; a permit is required.
and
(ii) in the case of rivers, streams,
lagoons, or any other body of water
connected to the sea, either
permanently or periodically, the
landward boundary shall extend to a
limit of 2 km measured perpendicular
to the straight baseline drawn between
the natural entrance point thereof, and
shall include waters of such rivers,
streams, and lagoons or any other
10
body of water connected to the sea).
Five categories of protected areas are Clearance from Not applicable.
established: (i) strict nature reserves, Wildlife
(ii) national parks, (iii) nature reserves, Conservation The project components
(iv) jungle corridors, and (v) Department will not be located within
intermediate zones including a national reserve or
sanctuaries. Any development activity within 1 mile (1.6 km)
within a national reserve or within 1 from the boundary of
mile (1.6 km) from the boundary of any any national reserve.
national reserve is required to be
subjected to EIA/IEE, and written
approval shall be obtained from the
director general, Department of
Wildlife Conservation, prior to project
implementation.
Mining and exploitation for minerals, Permit from Required.
including sand, must be licensed Geological

10
In consideration of the tsunami event of December 2004, the government declared that “A 100-m buffer zone from
the permanent vegetation line of the beach front should be delineated for any new construction in the west and
south coast from Kala Oya river mouth (Gange Wadiya) to Kinindi Oya river mouth, and a 200-m buffer zone from
the permanent vegetation line of the beach front should be delineated for any new construction in the east and the
north coast from Kinindi Oya river mouth to Kala Oya (Gange Wadiya).” All permits for the development activities
within the buffer zone will be issued by the director, Coast Conservation.
11
Lunupokuna, Modara, Aluth Mawatha, and Mattakkuliya Grama Niladhari (GN) Divisions are areas (i) lying within
the limit of 300 m landwards of the mean high water line and a limit of 2 km seawards of the mean low water line;
and (ii) landward boundary shall extend to a limit of 2 km measured perpendicular to the straight baseline drawn
between the natural entrance point thereof, and shall include waters of such rivers, streams, and lagoons or any
other body of water connected to the sea. There are no environmentally sensitive features in these areas.
6
Policy, Legal, and
Administrative
Framework
Gazette No. 1152/14 dated
4 Oct 2000 to be read with
the Section 43(b) of the
Antiquities (Amendment)
Act No. 24 of 1998. These
orders are called
procedural orders of No. 01
Projects of 2000.
Occupational Health and
Safety – Sri Lankan Manual
on Traffic Control Devices
(Part II - Road Work Areas)
National Environmental
(Noise Control)
Regulations No.1 1996
Manual on Traffic Control
nd
Devices, 2 Edition, 2007
by the Ministry of Roads
and Highways and the
Road Development
Authority
12
A summary of procedure to obtain the written permission is summarized in Appendix 7.
Permit/
Required for the
Description/ Salient Features Clearance
Project?
Required
under the act by the Geological Survey Survey and Construction contractors
and Mines Bureau. Permit is required Mines Bureau are required to obtain
for earth and quarry material for permit from the
construction of buildings etc., either Geological Survey and
directly or through contractors. Mines Bureau and/or
Alternatively, project contractors can procure materials from
procure the material from the open licensed
market, but they will have to make sources/traders.
sure that such sources/traders are
operating with valid licenses.
Written permission from the Permit from the Required.
Department of Archaeology must be Department of
obtained before conduct of Archaeology Construction contractors
excavations exceeding 500 m in length are required to obtain
for laying pipes and conduits for written permission from
drainage, water, gas, electricity, and the Department of
telephone facilities. Archaeology prior to
12
excavation works.
This manual includes requirements for No permit or Required as part of the
traffic control devices and signing of clearance is environmental
roadwork areas during trenching of required. management plan
roads. It also prescribes the essential
safety measures to ensure the safety
of road users and workmen during day
and night.
These regulations provide maximum Written consent All activities shall
permissible noise levels for activities to from the Central comply with noise
be conducted during daytime and Environment standards prescribed in
nighttime. Authority Schedules I, III, and V.
The regulations publish in the No permit or All traffic signs,
Government Gazette (Extraordinary) clearance barricades, and lighting
No. 444/19 dated 13 March 87under required devices to be used
Section 237 along with Section 164 of during excavation shall
the Motor Traffic Act is the basis for comply with the manual.
providing traffic control devices. These
regulations were gazetted to amend
the existing traffic signs and to
incorporate international traffic signs
agreed upon for adoption at the UN
Conference on Road Traffic held in
Vienna on 8 November 1968. Sri
Lanka is a signatory to the convention
for adoption of international traffic
signs. The traffic control devices that
are being adopted in Sri Lanka are
those that were agreed upon at the
convention for adoption in the Asian
region.
 7

III. DES CRIP TION OF THE P ROJ ECT

A. Exis tin g Co n d itio n a n d Ne e d for th e P ro je c t

12. Colombo, the capital city and economic and administrative hub of the country, was one
of the few cities in Asia that was fortunate to get piped water supply in the 1800s. Many parts of
the distribution network were built in Colombo as early as 100 years ago. 13 Though there have
been various projects to address the increasing water demand and 95% coverage has been
reached in the city with piped water supply, significant rehabilitation of the network has not been
carried out, causing the NRW to reach extremely high levels of around 49%. 14

13. NWSDB supplied piped water to 127,000 service connections in Greater Colombo as of
December 2011. The water tariff is currently below the total cost recovery level. The system
suffers from flunctuating pressures, with some low-pressure areas receiving water only at off-
peak hours. There are around 4,036 unmetered standpipes in the city that supply free water to
low income settlements called “tenement gardens.” In order to control the amount of free water
supplied through standpipes and increase revenues from them, NWSDB launched various
programs which need to be implemented on a larger scale. 15

14. NWSDB carried out limited network rehabilitation and leak repairs under its routine O&M
activities, without much impact on NRW reduction. More recently, a focused program of pipe
replacement and metering was implemented in a small part north of Colombo City.

15. The Ambatale water treatment plant is situated 11 km from the Colombo city. Ambatale
is the major water source producing 518,000 m3 of water per day with capacity of 549,000 m3
per day. The water treatment plant has three water intakes (commissioned in 1966, 1986 and
2010 respectively) and two storages reservoirs. There are 42 low and high lift pumps at the
plants. Out of these, 25 pumps are increasingly inefficient, thus operation and maintenance
costs are prohibitively high. Energy audits carried out in 2006 and 2008 had shown that
efficiency of the pumps have fallen below acceptable levels. It is found in those studies that the
energy cost can be effectively saved by introducing efficiency enhancement measures.

16. Improvement to Ambatale water treatment plant has been identified as a priority in the
Colombo NRW reduction programme by the ongoing JICA-funded Master Plan Update.
Ambatale will become the primary water source for Colombo City thus has become a priority
project owing to its importance in providing reliable water supply to Colombo City till the design
year of 2040.

B. P ro p o s e d P ro je c t Com p o n e n ts

17. The Ambatale project investments aim to deliver better urban water supply services in
an effective and efficient manner by reducing NRW in Colombo City and improving the
efficiency of the water treatment plant. The project will involve both physical network
rehabilitation, and institutional and management enhancement to reduce the NRW. The major
objectives of the project are: (i) to increase water supply availability and efficiency in Colombo;

13
About 700 km out of total 927 km of water supply distribution network in Colombo City are more than 50 years old.
14
The 49% NRW for Colombo, which is twice the average NRW for the rest of the country, comprises 33% physical
losses, 5% commercial losses, and 11% free water supplied to low-income settlements.
15
NWSDB managed to form about 170 consumer societies, out of some 400 standpipes in Colombo City, on a
3
community participation basis, and charges the minimum tariff of Rs 3 per m .
8

(ii) to enhance the distribution system and reduce NRW; (iii) to establish a mechanism to reduce
NRW; and (iv) to enhance the institutional, operational, and project management capacity of
NWSDB. The proposed project is expected to have the following benefits: (i) rehabilitation of
distribution network that will result in substantial reduction in water losses in the project area,
from the current 49% losses to 20% losses; and (ii) proper accounting for use of water and
system losses by installation of metered connections.

18. There are two water pipelines laid in to the city starting from Ambatale water treatment
plant and Gotatuwa. The improvements from Ambatale water treatment plant up to Colombo city
border are to be implemented under this project and the sections within the city will be
implemented under the GCWWMIIP Project 1.

19. The outputs under Ambatale project are as follows:

(i) Output 1: Improved energy efficiency and service efficiency at Ambatale water
treatment plant;
(ii) Output 2: Improved level of water supply service to Colombo City until the year
2040; and
(iii) Output 3: Capacity building on operation and maintenance of treatment plant and
in energy saving.

20. The Ambatale project will involve the following types of physical works:

Table 2: Summary of Ambatale Project Components (Design and Build Contract)

Plant
Package Description Quantity Unit Location
contract
1 Design & Build Plant Contract
1 A. Improvements at intake site
Supply & installation of 08-ton gantry arrangement 1 No. Ambatale Intake
at new intake
Replacement of pumps at intake pump sets 4 Set Ambatale Intake
Supply & installation of travelling sreens at new 2 Nos Ambatale Intake
intake
B. Improvements at water treatment plant site
Replacement of pumps
Replacement of pumps to Maligakanda pump set 1 Set Ambatale Water
with spares Treatment plant
(WTP)
Replacement of pumps to Elliehouse pump sets 4 Set Ambatale WTP
Replacement of pumps to Dehiwala pump sets 2 Set Ambatale WTP
Rehabilitation of pumps sets 13 Set Ambatale WTP
Other works
Improvement to existing telemetry system with 1 Set Ambatale WTP
SCADA
Construction of control centre , extension of Elli 1 Set Ambatale WTP
House pump station and reservoir, pump bases
Construction filter backwash recovery system and 1 Set Ambatale WTP
installation of sludge treatment
C. Improvements at Gotatuwa site
New pumps for Gotatuwa 4 Set Gothatuwa
Arrangement of booster pumps to Moragasmulla 2 Set Gothatuwa
including pumping station construction
 9

Table 3: Summary of Ambatale Project Components (Works Contract)

Works Capacity Length Size
Package Description 3 Location
contract (m ) (km) (mm)
1 1 Construction works at Gothatuwa
site
Construction of ground water reservoir 15,000 Gotatuwa
Construction of pump house and Gotatuwa
caretaker quarters
Distribution trunk main from Gotatuwa 5 1200 Gotatuwa to
Reservoir to CMC boundary Maligakanda
(Maligakanda)
Allow for Bridge / Canal crossings at Gotatuwa to
Gotatuwa to CMC boundary Maligakanda
Booster pumping line to Moragasmulla 0.5 500 Gotatuwa to
Tower Moragasmulla
Tower
2 Construction works at Ambatale
Re-arrangement of transmission Ambatale to
pipelines Totalanga
Transmission pipe from Ambatale to 9.2 1200 Ambatale to
Totalanga Junction Totalanga
Allow for main connections at Ambatale Ambatale to
to Totalanga Totalanga

C. Im ple m e nta tio n S c h e du le

21. The project is to be implemented over a period of 4 years including procurement period.
The detailed design stage is expected to commence in 2014, and the construction period will
cover 36 months.

IV. DES CRIP TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Me th o d olo g y Us e d fo r th e Ba s e lin e Stu d y

22. Data collection and stakeholder consultations. Data for this study has been primarily
collected through comprehensive literature survey, discussion with stakeholder agencies, and
field visits to the proposed subproject sites.

23. The literature survey broadly covered the following:

(i) project details, reports, maps, and other documents available with the ADB
Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) consultants, NWSDB, Urban
Development Authority, and Colombo Municipal Council (CMC);
(ii) National Environment Act, Extra Ordinary Gazettes, its relevant guidelines and
standards;
(iii) other relevant acts, extraordinary gazettes, and guidelines issued by other
Government of Sri Lanka agencies; and
(iv) literature on land use, soil, geology, hydrology, climate, socioeconomic profiles,
and environmental planning documents collected from Government of Sri Lanka
agencies and websites.

24. Several visits to the project sites were made in December 2012 and February 2013 to
assess the existing environment (physical, biological, and socioeconomic) and gather
10

information with regard to the proposed sites and scale of the proposed project. A separate
socioeconomic study was conducted to determine the demographic information, archeological
and religious places, densely populated pockets, and settlements.

25. Data analysis and interpretation. The data collected was analyzed and interpretations
made to assess the physical, biological, and socioeconomic features of the project area. The
relevant information is presented in the succeeding paragraphs.

B. P h ys ic a l Ch a ra c teris tics

26. Location. The geographical location of Colombo is 6º 55’ N latitude and 79º 52’ E
longitude. The project area is located within CMC area (extent of 4,021.14 ha).

27. Geology and geomorphology. The project area falls in the pre-Cambrian South
Western group (600 million years old) lowest peneplain of Sri Lanka. This coastal peneplain
rises to a maximum elevation of less than 500 ft from the sea coast. The underlying geological
formations of the present coastal plain consist of gneisses and granites, predominantly of the
Vijayan complex of the pre-Cambrian era. As a consequence of the sea level rising during the
Holocene period, this old basement is covered by more recent coastal deposits.

28. The major rock types in Colombo consist of meta-sediments (quartzites and quartz
schist, garnet sillimanite, gneisses, quartz feldspar, and granulites), charnockite gneisses and
allied rocks, basic rocks, migmatitic and granitic gneisses, granite, and pegmatite. Overlying the
pPre-Ccambrian basement are alluvial and littoral sedimentary deposits of Quaternary age,
within the project area. The fluvial deposits here include a thick alluvium (20–30 m) in some
areas of marshes, and water bodies. These alluvial deposits include lean/plastic clays, organic
clays/peat, and sand with clay.

29. Soil. According to the Sri Lankan Survey Department soil maps, the main soil types in
the project area are as follows: (i) red yellow podzolic soils with soft or hard laterite: undulating
and rolling terrain; (ii) bog and half-bog soils: flat terrain; (iii) alluvial soils of variable texture and
drainage: flat terrain; and (iv) regosols on recent beach and sand sands: flat terrain.

30. Topography. Greater Colombo’s topography is a mix of flat and marshy land. The east
and southeast areas are bordered by marshy land. The city has many canals, and Beira Lake is
in the heart of the city. On the north and the northeast borders of the city flows the Kelani River.
The river meets the sea in part of the city known as the “Modera” in Sinhala, which literally
means “delta.” The project area is more or less flat to gradual undulating.

31. Hydrology and drainage. The Colombo drainage system consists of a network of
canals and marshes functioning as retention basins. The Colombo canal drainage network has
6 outlets, 3 discharging to the sea (Wellawatta, Dehiwala, and Mutwal tunnel), 1 closed at
present (Beira Lake), and the other 2 draining into the Kelani River. The Mutwal tunnel,
Wellawatta canal, and Dehiwala canal have discharge capacities of 5, 60, and 30 m3/s,
respectively. A fourth outfall, St. Sebastian South Canal and Beira Lock, has no drain function
under normal circumstances due to the high crest level of Beira Lake (+1.8 m mean sea level or
 11

msl). 16 There are four marshy lands identified as “flood retention areas” in Colombo, namely (i)
Bloemendhal Marsh, (ii) Kolonnawa Marsh, (iii) Heen Marshes, and (iv) low-lying lands known
as the Green Belt surrounding the Parliament Lake.

32. Climate. The climate is classified as tropical monsoon, having a wet season and a short
dry season. The project area is located in the southwestern quarter of the island, which is
classified as a wet zone. The climate is characterized by the northeast monsoon from
December to February, and the southwest monsoon from May to September. Heavy rainstorms
occur mainly in the southwest monsoon period from May to September and occasionally in the
two intermonsoon periods (March-April and October-November), as well. The average annual
rainfall is around 2,000–3,000 mm. There are two peaks of monthly rainfall in a year, May and
October. The mean daily maximum temperature ranges from 31.1 oC in April to 29.3 oC in
August, while the mean daily minimum temperature ranges from 25.3 oC in May to 22.2 oC in
January.

33. Water quality. Surface water pollution is the most serious issue among the
environmental problems in the project area. Pollution of urban water bodies by domestic
wastewater and industrial wastewater causes environmental problems as well as health
hazards. The main causes of surface water pollution are: (i) discharge of urban drainage water
mixed with waste of industrial and domestic origin into natural streams; (ii) runoff from open
markets and garbage dumps; (iii) unauthorized connections of domestic wastewater pipes into
drainage canals; (iv) direct discharge of industrial wastewater into rivers, lakes, canals, and
lowlands; (v) uncontrolled and illegal dumping of waste of industrial and domestic origin in
waterways, embankments, and lowlands; (vi) discharge of sewage into canal/surface water
bodies mainly by shanty settlements along canals and around the lowlands such as marshes;
and (vii) insufficient maintenance and cleaning of watercourses and embankments resulting in
siltation, blockage, and aquatic plant growth. Table 4 shows the results of surface water
monitoring in the project area conducted by the Central Environment Authority (CEA).

Table 4: Results of Water Quality Monitoring and Status of Pollution

Conductivity

Temperature

Phosphate
Ammonia
Turbidity

Salinity
Nitrate

COD

BOD
Station
DO
pH

Description
No.

1 Baseline road crossing of Dematagoda

N S N T H N T T T N
Canal, Orugodawatta
2 End point of St. Sebastian Canal
N N N N H N H H H N
(Outlet to Beira Lake)
3 Bridge on Kotte North Canal N N N N H N H H H N
4 Railway bridge on Torrington Canal N S N T H N T T T N
5 Galle Road Bridge on Wellawatta Canal N S N N N H N T T T S
6 Galle Road Bridge on Dehiwala Canal N S S N N H N T T T S
10 Serpantine Road Canal N N N N H N H T H N
11 St. Sebastian Canal – bridge near
N S N T H N T T H N
Ingurukade Junction
12 Dematagoda Canal – Kolonnawa N N N T H N T T H N

16
Beira Lake is artificially kept at +1.8 m mean sea level (msl) by means of pumps installed at Beira Lock. This is
mainly done to prevent buildings constructed on wooden piles along the lake from collapsing. As a consequence,
Beira Lake’s flood discharge function is only operational at water levels exceeding +1.8 m msl.
12

Conductivity

Temperature

Phosphate
Ammonia
Turbidity

Salinity
Nitrate

COD

BOD
Station

DO
pH
Description
No.

Bridge near Ceylon Petroleum

Corporation
13 Mahawatta Canal – Cotta Road Bridge,
N N N T H N T T H N
Rajagiriya
14 Kirillapone Canal – Near Open
N N N N H N H T H N
University Bridge, Nawala
18 Station No. 1 – Diyawanna Oya –
N N N N H N H N T N
Kimbulawala Madiwela
19 Station No. 2 – Diyawanna Oya –
N N N N H T H N T N
Battaramulla South, Pelawatte
20 Station No. 3 – Diyawanna Oya –
Battaramulla North, Diyawanna Oya N N N N H N H N T N
Outlet
21 Kelani River – Close to new bridge,
upper stream to confluence of St. N S N N N H N H N NA N
Sebastian Canal
22 St. Sebastian Canal – North Lock Gate N S N T H N T T NA NA
23 Kelani River – Close to Victoria Bridge
– downstream confluence of St. N S N N N H N H H NA NA
Sebastian Canal
24 Beira Lake – Just behind Pettah Private
N S N T H N T T NA NA
Bus Stand
25 St. Sebastian Canal – About 200 m
downstream from location 2 (about 200 N S N T H N T T NA NA
m upstream from outlet to Beira Lake)
26 St. Sebastian Canal (north) – Outfall to
N S N N T H N T T NA NA
Kelani Ganga
27 Bloemendhal Canal – Branch earthen
N S S N T T N T T NA NA
drain coming through garbage pile
28 Bloemendhal Canal – At the confluence
N S S N T T N T T NA NA
of earthen drain of 27
29 Norris Canal – In front of Colombo
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
General Hospital
30 Colombo 10, D. R. Wijewardena
Mawatha Canal along former UDA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
office
Notes: N – within the normal range according to CEA standards for aquatic life; H – above the standard values for
aquatic life; T – above or below the threshold and significantly higher or lower than the standards and threat to
aquatic life and human health; this indicates the health authorities have to take necessary actions immediately to
improve the quality of water in these canals; S – no standards for the parameter but significantly high compared to
other locations or significantly high according to available literature; N. A. – not available. The CEA standard values
for aquatic life are the following (in milligrams per liter or mg/l) dissolved oxygen (DO) = 3, ammonia = 1, nitrate = 5;
phosphate = 0.4, chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 15; biological oxygen demand (BOD) = 4; and turbidity = 20
NTU ( as indicated by other countries).

34. The Beira Lake plays an important role in conveying surface drainage and flood waters
in CMC. The lake is a stagnant water body which covers approximately 65.4 ha and has an
average depth of 2 m at maximum elevation. It comprises of four main basins: East Lake, Galle
Face Lake, West Lake, and South West Lake. Beira Lake’s flood discharge function is only
operational at water levels exceeding +1.8 m msl.19 Although the local people do not derive
other benefits than diverting their surface drainage into these canals, the intrinsic function is vital
and most important in draining the flood waters of the area. There are numerous illegal
 13

discharge points of gray water from residences, commercial establishments, and warehouses
adjoining the lake, and due to the high level of water pollution, no other local uses can be
derived from the water body. At present, most of the lake bank is covered with commercial
establishments, human settlements, institutions, religious places, etc. Therefore, it is hard to see
vegetation or ground cover. Only in some part of the lake bank, which has been interrupted by
human interventions, can vegetation and tree cover be found. Mangifera indica (amba), Cocos
nucifera (pol), Terminalia catappa (kottan), Gliricidia sepium (weta mara), Leucaena
leucocephala (ipil-ipil), Azadirachta indica (kohomba), Filicium decipiens (pehimbiya), Plumeria
obtuse (araliya), Musa x paradisiaca (kesel), Carica papaya (papol), Ficus religiosa (bo),
Hibiscus rosasinensis (wada), Delonix regia (mai mara), Calotropis gigantiea (wara), Lantana
camara (gandapana), etc. are the tree species which can be found on the bank. These provide
an ecological niche to many bird species. However, these are common trees and do not have a
special conservation status.

35. Air quality. The population growth and increase in commercial and social activities have
led to an unprecedented increase in the demand for mobility, with a consequential increase in
the number of motor vehicles entering CMC daily. The project area is generally along roadsides,
which are experiencing heavy traffic. Vehicle emissions are considered the major contributor for
air pollution in Colombo. Based on monitoring conducted by CEA, the ambient air quality in the
project area is within the prescribed standards.

36. Noise levels. The project area is in the built-up part of Colombo, with residential,
commercial, and institutional establishments. A significant volume of traffic passes through
these sections, causing frequent traffic jams. Heavy traffic movement is considered the major
cause of noise pollution.

C. Ec o lo g ic a l Ch a ra cte ris tic s

37. Forests and ecological sensitive areas. As Colombo is considered a built-up area,
there are no protected forests or ecologically sensitive areas in the project area.

38. Flora and fauna. Animals and plants in the project area are those commonly found in
urban and built-up areas. There are no rare or endangered animal or plant species reported in
the project area.

39. Wetlands. Approximately 20% of the Western Province (composed of districts of

Colombo, Gampaha, and Kalutara) is composed of wetlands The definition given for wetlands
in the Sri Lankan National Wetland Policy 17 is “areas of marsh, fen, peat land or water, whether
natural or artificial, permanent or temporary with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or
salty, including areas of marine water, the depth of which at low tide does not exceed 6 m and
may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands and islands or bodies of
marine water deeper than 6 m at low tide within the wetlands.” One of the most important
functions of wetlands is their capacity to act as a drainage basin for temporary storage of storm

17
The National Policy and Strategies on Wetlands (2005) seeks to give effect to the National Environment Policy and
other relevant national policies, while respecting national commitments towards relevant international conventions,
protocols, treaties, and agreements on wetland protection to which Sri Lanka is a party. Among the international
conventions, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (1971), the Convention on
Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (1979), and the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) are
significant.
14

water, acting as kidneys, purifying wastes entering into the wetland systems and safeguarding
human health.

40. The wetlands located within the project area are mostly inland systems 18 and are not
categorized as protected wetlands or wildlife sanctuaries. It has also been observed during the
field visits conducted for this IEE that the wetlands in the project area were drained or used to
dump refuse and urban waste.

D. S o c io e c o n o m ic P rofile

41. According to the Department of Census and Statistics, the estimated population in CMC
in 2010 was 1,000,000. Table 5 summarizes the population density by planning units in
Colombo City.

Table 5: Population Density of Each Planning Unit in Colombo City

Name of Planing Unit Density (People per Hectare)
Year 1981 Year 1997 Year 2010
Fort 85 70 82
Kochchikade 486 506 536
Maradana 221 222 236
Kollupitiya 147 136 153
Mattakkuliya 159 191 216
Kotahena 188 180 180
Grandpass 218 244 272
Dematagoda 225 343 469
Borella 182 222 256
Cinnamon Garden 51 57 64
Bambalapitiya 99 92 104
Wellawatta 141 152 166
Narahenpita 78 86 97
Kirillapone 129 188 230
Total 158 180 208

42. The total occupied housing units in Colombo district was 473,045 in 2001. There was a
sharp increase of occupied housing units in Colombo district by year 2011. Building survey
conducted by the Department of Census in 2011 indicated that the number of housing units in
Colombo district was 637,749. For the project area, it was indicated that the number of
households was around 73,637, number of housing units was approximately 48,000, and
number of families was 55,361. This comprises around 65% of the total occupied housing in
Colombo City. The family size was 5.1, much higher than the national average family size of
4.3.

43. The population in the project area is ethnically diverse, with a preponderance of ethnic
minorities particularly in tenement gardens. Nearly 50% of population in the project area is
Sinhala, followed by Muslims (26%). The Tamil community has become smaller, and is 13% at
present. Only 1% of the population represents the Burghers and Malay communities. However,
in the Colombo Divisional Secretariat area (slightly bigger than the project area), according to
the 2001 census, Tamil was the majority ethnic group at 33.2%, the Sinhala second highest at
30.8%, and Muslims third at 30.2%.

18
There are three major types of wetlands in Sri Lanka, namely: (i) offshore and marine systems; (ii) coastal systems;
and (iii) inland systems.
 15

44. Distribution by religion showed that 30.2% of the population in the project area is
Christian. This was because a substantial percentage of Sinhala and Tamil communities
practiced the Christian religion. According to the primary survey 19, the percentage of the
population practicing Islam and Buddhism in the project area was 27.2% and 26.9%
respectively. The Hindus were the smallest religious group, at 15.5% of the population.

45. Data revealed that 15% of sample households lived in tenement gardens, while the
balance (85%) was in areas where adequate space is available. Approximately 36% of the
households had been living in their communities for more than 30 years. About 38% of the
households had lived in their communities between 10 and 30 years, and the balance
households had been was living in their communities for less than 10 years.

46. Primary data indicated that the percentage of women-headed households in the project
area was somewhat high, around 23% of total households surveyed. The women-headed
households in tenement gardens was 4%. Percentage of women-headed households in other
areas was 19%.

47. Occupation data of the samples indicated that the majority of the active workforce
(25.9%) in the project area was involved in the provision of unskilled labor. Employment in the
government sector was approximately 7%, while 16% worked in the private sector. A substantial
percentage (38%) of the active workforce in the project area was self-employed or engaged in
their own business. Percentage of overseas employment was around 2%, mostly as
housemaids. Reported unemployment among the people in the area was 29%. Percentage of
male employment in the project area was higher than the female employment. Unemployment
among females was around 24%, which is substantially high.

48. The majority of people, 38%, in the service area, had studied up to General Certificate of
Education (Ordinary Level or Advance Level). A substantial percentage (6%) of children
dropped out after grade 5 due to various reasons. Information on higher education indicated that
only 2% of people in the service area studied up to degree and post-graduate levels. Prevailing
socioeconomic status, culture, poverty, and income-earning opportunities in informal and formal
sectors influenced children and young people to start early employment.

49. The gender gap in literacy was insignificant in the project area. According to the
available data, literacy among the male and female population over 10 years of age was 92.1%
and 89% respectively. These figures were in agreement with the district literacy rate of 94.7%.

50. According to the Department of National Census, the average monthly income of
households in Sri Lanka in 2009–2010 was Rs. 20,427. According to the declared income of the
households surveyed, monthly income of 87% in the project area was Rs. 15,000 or more. Of
that, 30% of the ehouseholds eardn Rs. 30,000 or more per month. Percentage of households
below poverty line was only 0.3%, which is negligible. However, 5% of the households were
low-income.

19
Sample household survey has been conducted under ADB PPTA 7854 for the social analysis of the project area.
The survey and focus group discussions were conducted for six sample communities (small administrative
divisions called GNDs), namely Bluemandle, Grandpass, Lunupokuna, Maligawatta, Modara, and
Sammanthranapura.
16

51. Primary data revealed that 14% of the total surveyed received Samurdhi benefits
(assistance from the government to cover food expenses). The data indicated that the total
numbers of families receiving Samadhi benefits in the project area was only 1,870, which was
negligible (around 4% of total families). However, this data implies that a substantial level of
poverty is concentrated in the proposed project area.

52. Disease incidence based on 180 days’ recall method revealed that incidence of water-
borne disease was two per population of 1,000, while incidences of vector-borne diseases,
especially dengue, were reported moderate at six per 1,000. Vomiting, dengue, and diarrhea
were the only reported diseases during the primary survey.

53. Overall average health expenditure in the project area was Rs. 1,110 per month. Health
expenditure of households in the income category of more than 20,000 per month was
substantial. The households in low-income groups did not have health expenditures, as all
citizens of Sri Lanka have access to free medical facilities, including free medicine, lab tests,
etc.

54. Access to water. Water sources were reported to be the same in dry and wet seasons
by all households. Almost all households were enjoying the NWSDB’s water supply. Eighty-two
percent (82%) of the sample households reported access to individual water service
connections. Around 6% of households used water from shared house connections, while 12%
of households got water from public stand posts. None of the households used groundwater
either from tube wells or hand-dug shallow wells. None of the sample households reported
having installed pumps. However, in CMC area, there were several wells and hand pumps, and
people used them as secondary water sources, and in asome instances as primary water
sources, as well. Generally, such water sources were used by industries and laundries, which
required large quantities of water.

55. According to the primary survey, per capita water consumption in the project area was
low at 61 liters per day (lpd). For the households below poverty line (Rs. 3,551), it was 49 lpd.
However, per capita consumption of water by income category of Rs. 3,551–Rs. 5,000 and Rs.
5,001–Rs. 10,000 was in line with the urban consumption level, which were 106 and 118 lpd
respectively. Per capita consumption of water by all income categories over and above Rs
10,000 was between 46 and 67 lpd. During the focus group discussion (in a location where
mixed services are provided), it was revealed that people monitored the quantity of water they
used daily and took precautions to limit their monthly usage below 15 m3. It was revealed that
households who have individual connections use water from public stand posts once their
households water meters indicate that they are close to high usage category (>15m3). This was
a common practice of all households in tenement gardens.

56. Following, quality issues were reported: bad taste (74%), contaminated with waste
(13%), bad color (6%), high chlorine concentration (4%), and bad smell (1%). It was assumed
that these quality issues were mainly associated with the conditions of the distribution network.

57. Access to sanitation. All households in the project area used latrines with septic tanks,
as CMC by-laws do not provide any room to construct low-cost latrines within the municipal
area. Hence, service level of sanitation infrastructure was somewhat acceptable with the
majority of the surveyed households (83%) who had access to individual toilets in the project
area. Only 15% of households used communal latrines, and the remaining 2% shared the
neighbors’ or relatives’ latrines. Field observations revealed that some sanitary issues prevailed
 17

in some of the communal latrine blocks, such as outflowing of septic tanks, substructure
damages, etc.

58. Observation confirmed that open-air defecation (OAD) was not a practice in the project
area. Children’s fecal matter was also disposed of in individual and public latrines. The major
reason for the absence of OAD was the availability of public sanitation facilities in tenement
gardens. Discussion revealed that the user groups attended to minor repairs such as water
supply, lighting, etc. in latrine units, while the CMC attended to major repairs such as emptying
of septic tanks, repair of substructures, etc.

59. Access to solid waste disposal. Lack of systematic disposal of solid waste was one of
the main factors influencing environmental sanitation. Solid waste collection and safe disposal
are the responsibility of local authorities, as people pay directly and indirectly for such services
by way of property assessment taxes and stamp duty and other levies. Almost all househoulds
in the project area benefitted from the recently improved solid waste disposal collection in
Colombo City. About 82% of surveyed households reported access to a household (door-to
door) collection facility, while 4% of households had access to municipal vats and other means
of waste disposal. A substantial percentage (15%) of people, including households that did not
respond to this question, still dropped their waste by the wayside and or in CMC-built garbage
bins. Irregular and ad hoc collection of waste was the main problem mentioned by the people in
many places, especially in the households of tenement gardens.

60. Availability of storm water drainage and wastewater disposal. Surface drains and
underground drainages were available in almost all areas of the project. About 86% households
reported using underground drainages (UGD) and open drains for wastewater disposal. Only
1% of households diverted their wastewater into nearby open areas, while 3% diverted them
into surface water bodies.

61. Generally, Colombo City’s drainage system is not efficient enough to bear the runoff
water during monsoon, resulting in the submerging of several low land areas. Thirty percent
(30%) of surveyed households reported incidence of flooding in the vicinity of their house during
monsoons (May-July and September-December). Of that, 26% lived in non-slum areas while
only 4% lived in tenement gardens (slum households). However, due to lack of appropriate
drainages, most tenement gardens were badly affected during monsoons. It is evident that 20%
of households affected during floods are in high-income categories (monthly income > Rs
15,000). Only 2% of households in low-income categories were affected by seasonal floods.

E. S o c ia l a n d Cu ltu ral Cha ra c te ris tic s

62. Existing public parks and playgrounds in the CMC area. Parks and playgrounds
account for 95.4 ha or 2.5% of CMC total area. There are also 75.91 ha of other private and
semi-public outdoor recreation spaces and 171.15 ha of outdoor recreation spaces (almost half
of which belongs to private clubs and other organizations).

63. Historical and archaeological sites. Colombo has a number of historical places with
the potential for expanding both local and foreign tourism. The list of archaeological sites found
in CMC 20 is detailed in Table 6. St. Lucia Church in Kotahena and Vihara and Awasageya in

20
Complete list for Colombo District can be found at http://www.archaeology.gov.lk/.
18

Deepaduththaramayaare are located in the project area. However, excavation works will not be
conducted in the vicinities of these archaeological sites.

Table 6: Historical and Archaeological Sites in Colombo Municipal Council Area

Colombo Port Ancient Security House near Ancient Parliament
Keragala Inscriptions, Tampita Vihara, Wall and Dagoba
Colombo Kuppiyawatta Ancient Image House, Awasageya, Dewalaya in Kuppiyawatta Jayasekera Vihara
Colombo Maligakanda Ancient Image House, Awasageya
Colombo Pettah Olcutt Building
Colombo Dematagoda Ancient Awasageya
Colombo Maligakanda Mahabodh Vihara at Maligakanda
Kotahena St. Lucia Church at Kotahena
Maradana Ancient Railway Station at Fort
Colombo Pettah Dutch Museum
Colombo Fort Dutch Warehouse at Sri Lanka Ports Authority
Kotahena Vihara and Awasageya at Deepaduththaramaya
Colombo Ancient Lighthouse (Northwestern) at Sri Lanka Ports Authority, Inner Breakwater
Colombo Ancient Lighthouse (North) at Sri Lanka Ports Authority, Inner Breakwater
Colombo Ancient Building (Ragu Mandiraya) at Sri Lanka Ports Authority
Colombo Ancient wall at Sri Lanka Ports Authority
Colombo Ancient Grand Oriental Hotel Buildings at York Street, Sri Lanka Ports Authority
Colombo Ancient Post Master General Office Building at Janadipathi Street, Sri Lanka Ports Authority
Colombo Ancient Clifan Burg House at Sri Lanka Navy Headquarters, Sri Lanka Ports Authority
Colombo Ancient Chartered Bank Building at Janadipathi Mawatha
Colombo Ancient Walkers Building at Sir Baron Jayatilake Mawatha
Colombo Ancient Lanka Maccanance Macancy Company Limited Building at Lady Bastian Mawatha
Colombo Portland Building at Sir Baron Jayatilake Mawatha
Colombo Pettah Dutch Bell Tower at Kaiman Gate, Pettah
Colombo Central Ancient Kovil, Rest Hall and Road
Colombo Ancient Chartered Bank Building at Janadipathi Mawatha
Colombo Central Ancient Kovil, Rest Hall and Road

V. ANTICIP ATED IMP ACTS AND MITIGATION MEAS URES

64. The present report assesses the impacts of the proposed activities on various
environmental attributes of the project site.

65. Methodology. Issues for consideration have been raised by the following means: (i)
input from interested and affected parties; (ii) desktop research of information relevant to the
proposed project; (iii) site visit and professional assessment by environment specialist engaged
by the implementing agency; and (iv) evaluation of proposed design scope and potential
impacts based on the environment specialist’s past experience. Categorization of the project
and formulation of mitigation measures have been guided by ADB’s REA Checklist for Water
Supply (Appendix 1) and ADB SPS 2009.

A. An tic ip a te d Im p a cts – P la n n in g a n d De s ig n Ph a s e

66. Planning principles and design considerations have been reviewed and incorporated into
the site planning process whenever possible. The concepts considered in design of the water
supply project are: (i) no involuntary land acquisition; (ii) substantial reduction of NRW; ((iii)
augmentation in adequacy of drinking water supply at the user end; (iv) enhancing the efficiency
of existing water treatment plant; (v) providing adequate infrastructure facilities for production
and storage of water in deficient areas; (vi) most suitable construction methodology; and (vi) site
constraints.
 19

67. The winning contractor will bid based on the concept and details included in the bid
documents. The bidders will be advised to make their own diligence study prior to the bidding.
Necessary documents and studies will be made available to them for their evaluation. It will be
up to the bidders to maximize the use of resources made available to them. The following
design criteria which are the criteria for the Projects 1 and 2 will also be applied in the
implementation of Ambatale project. Salient design features are presented in Table 7.

Table 7: Salient Design Features of the Project.

Parameter Design Consideration
Design criteria 1. All cast iron (CI) pipes older than 50 years up to 10” (excluding 10”) in distribution system
will be replaced.
2. The pipe materials will be T1000 unplastized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC).
3. Roads of more than 4 m width will be provided with two pipes running along both sides of
the road as distribution main and rider main.
4. If multiple diameter pipes qualify for replacement on the same stretch of the road, those
will be replaced with two equivalent diameter pipes on either side of the road.
5. Diameter for replacement will be one in one.
6. Existing pipes shallower than 600 mm will be laid deeper than 600 mm. The cover to
pipes will be 900 mm minimum, whereas the cover to service connections will be 600 mm
minimum.
7. All the spaghetti pipes on narrow allies will be replaced with one pipe having larger bore,
and the connections will be transferred accordingly.
8. All the malfunctioning valves will be replaced in the critical area and necessary sections
valves will be introduced.
9. Additional valves will be introduced to facilitate district metering area (DMA) creation
where possible, using single entry point.
10. Consumer meters will be repaired and or replaced with new meters.
11. A DMA will be selected and installed with remote readers on the meters as a pilot project
for automation of meter reading.
12. Consumer connection pipes will be replaced with high density polyethylene (HDPE)
pipes.
Construction Replacement of pipes can be done using several materials. However, the cost and quality of
materials the pipes play key roles in selection of material. PVC has been used in water supply in the
country for several decades and no significant defects or complaints from the operation and
maintenance people have been reported. The material is locally produced and much
cheaper compared to other materials. People are trained to use the materials, and this is the
biggest benefit of using the material for the pipe network. The closest relative of PVC, the
HDPE, is expensive and therefore not considered as a material for the pipe network.
However, the HDPE will be used for service connections to minimize water theft through
illegal connections.
Customization of pipe Roads more than 4 m in width will be provided with rider mains facilitating easy service
replacement connection provision as well as maintenance. The bundle pipes will be replaced with an
equivalent diameter. The principle in going for one to one diameter is that the new pipes are
the right size, as against reduced bores of existing pipes, which limit the passage of water.
Location The civil works for pipe replacement will be carried within the available ROW, and no
acquisition is required beyond the ROW. Land ownership of the ground water reservoir is
with the government; hence no land acquisition is envisaged.
Climatic conditions Rainfall and its runoff in the project area may cause disruption/damage to ongoing works
and public inconvenience. Furthermore, climatic conditions play an important role during
dispersion of noise and air pollutants. Seasonal climatic conditions have been considered for
scheduling of construction activities.
Air quality21 During construction, some emissions of dust are anticipated during various transportation,

21
Roadside pollution is often localized and generally only affects a narrow band of roads along the sides of the road.
The major source of roadside pollutants is vehicle exhaust emissions. Other pollution sources emanate from
combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in air, producing carbon dioxide (CO2) and secondary pollutants such as
hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Emissions depend on
the volume of traffic, the type of vehicle (including age, technology, and maintenance levels of the vehicle), fuel
20

Parameter Design Consideration

excavation, and construction activities. Certain volumes of dust and gaseous emissions will
also be generated during the construction period from machineries like excavators, vehicles
engaged in transportation of construction materials, etc. However, transportation of
construction materials will be confined to adequate trips per day depending upon extent of
construction activity. Proper mitigation methods will be adopted to control obnoxious gases
and dust generated, if any.
Drainage and The project components are not expected to have any negative impact on the drainage and
hydrology hydrology of the area. Runoff from the project will produce a highly variable discharge in
terms of volume and quality, and in most instances will have no discernable environmental
impact.
Ecological diversity The project is situated within an existing built-up area of Colombo City. No areas of
ecological diversity occur within the project location. Due to the nature and locality of the
project, it is unlikely to have any impacts on biodiversity within the area.
Land use and The land use in the project corridor comprises built-up areas and transportation areas. The
livelihoods built-up areas consist of residential complexes, government/private offices and buildings,
educational institutes, religious places, and commercial establishments such as shops,
hotels, and restaurants. The transportation area constitutes existing roads in the project
area.
Traffic flow and Due to the location and nature of the project, there will be interference with accesses to the
access adjoining properties. Local communities will be continuously consulted regarding location of
construction camps, access and hauling routes, and other likely disturbances during
construction. The road closure, together with the proposed detours, will be communicated
via advertising, pamphlets, road signages, etc. The implementation of the road detours will
also be dependent on advance road signages, indicating the road detour and alternative
routes. NWSDB will coordinate with the traffic police for the implementation of the traffic
management plan.
Infrastructure and There are a number of existing infrastructure and services (roads, telecommunication lines,
services power lines, and various pipelines) within the vicinity of the project. To mitigate the adverse
impacts due to relocation of the utilities, NWSDB will (i) identify and include locations and
operators of these utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary
disruption of services during construction phase; and (ii) require construction contractors to
prepare a contingency plan.
Noise and vibrations During construction phase, some noise and vibration will be generated from the various
activities like construction works, operation of construction equipment, and vehicles engaged
in transportation of construction materials. However, these will be confined to the work sites
only and will be temporary in nature.
Aesthetics, landscape The project is considered to be compatible with the surrounding landscape, and is not
character, and sense expected to negatively impact the existing visual quality or landscape character of the area.
of place22

68. During construction phase, it is expected that some problems are to be encountered
because many of the streets are narrow, with no sidewalks which can be used to lay different

consumption and quality, engine temperature, and road geometry. The highest emission rates are encountered in
congested, slow-moving traffic, and whenever vehicles shift gears, decelerate, accelerate, or travel over steep
gradients. There is also a tendency for emission rates to increase at high speeds.
22
Aesthetics refer to the visual quality of an area as imparted by the physical properties of an area, such as scale,
color, texture, landform, level of enclosure, and in particular, the land use occurring within an area. Landscape
character refers to an area’s intrinsic appeal and is not dependent on its visual quality, but rather on its specific
situation as determined by the following: its level of accessibility or remoteness, level of naturalness, lack of
disturbance, current and potential use, rarity, cultural or historic importance, and potential value to people. The
landscape character determines the extent of visual compatibility of the water supply structures with their
immediate surroundings. Impacts are not restricted to the vicinity, but the entire viewshed (area from where the
infrastructure will be visible). The spirit or sense of place (genius loci) can be defined as the extent to which a
person can recognise or recall a place as being distinct from other places and as having a vivid, unique, or at least
a recognizable character. It is indicates the intrinsic value that a community places on the aesthetic, therapeutic, or
emotional qualities and character of an area. Aesthetics, landscape character, and sense of place are all subjective
concepts that are often influenced by individuals’ perceptions.
 21

utilities. Careful planning and extensive coordination with various government agencies must be
established. A massive information campaign must precede any construction activity in order to
make the public aware of the extent of the problem that might be present during the period of
construction.

69. The following table (Table 8) outlines the guidelines the ADB PPTA design engineers
recommend to be considered in the final design and implementation schedule for the pipe
replacement activities. As a result, some measures have already been included in the project
designs. This means that the impacts and their significance have already been reduced.

Table 8: Guidelines and Techniques for Pipe Replacement

Parameter Planning Guidelines and Techniques
Trench width Most of the replacement pipes will have diameters of 160 mm and 225 mm. During the preparation
excavation of the trenches, allowance of 150 mm shall be made on each side of the pipe. Thus, for 160 mm,
the minimum trench excavation width shall be 460 mm and 525 mm for the 225-mm diameter pipe.
This action will make a wider portion of the road available to car and pedestrian traffic.
Hauling of All excavated materials shall be hauled away from the excavation site and deposited in an area
excavated designated by NWSDB. This will result in cleanliness in the area and avoid accidents. The
materials stockpile shall be processed where it is deposited so that it can be brought back to the trenches as
selected filling material. Hauling vehicles must always be present at the excavation site.
Closure of Careful planning and scheduling of the activities shall be ensured. Work in areas shall be limited to
areas 24 hours. This will mean that excavation, pipe-laying, and installation of service connections,
installation of valves and hydrants, interconnection with existing pipelines, hydro-testing,
backfilling, and pavement restoration shall be completed within 24 hours. The contractor must
maintain all the materials necessary in his inventory so that these can be easily hauled to the
construction site when needed.
Barricades and Easily transportable barricades and warning signs, such as those made of high reflector plastic
warning signs materials, shall be used. Aluminized rolled warning signs can also be used to warn the public
regarding the ongoing works and deep excavation.
Reuse of Use quarry dust, sand, or processed excavated material as trench backfill materials. Quarry dust is
excavated widely available and can be used as backfill material for trenches. The contractor can also process
materials the excavated materials at the disposal site and use these as selected backfill materials. If readily
available, local sand can be mixed with the backfill material to ensure pipe integrity. The backfill
material must not contain pointed broken stones, since these might affect the plastic pipe and
cause breakage.
Road crossings Manual borings are recommended for road crossings in narrow streets to minimize traffic. The
technology applies local knowledge and minor equipment such as augers, galvanized iron pipes,
and high-pressure water pumps to deliver the water to the tip of the auger. This method can easily
make bores to be able to install 225-mm diameter pipes. Horizontal drilling machines may also be
used after making sure that no other utilities are in the way of drilling equipment.
Equipment Use small mechanical excavators. In areas where there are few utilities buried under the ground
as verified from the results of the survey and NWSDB GIS mapping, the contractor shall use small
mechanical excavators to attain faster trenching progress. The excavator shall be immediately
followed by skilled workers who will trim and clean the trenches to proper size and depth as
required in the plan. They shall see to it that the trenches are ready for pipe installation as soon as
they move away from them.
Access The contractor shall make available in his stock steel plates and wooden planks which will be
deployed on top of trench excavation to provide temporary access to building carports and
garages, street crossings, and other areas where these will be necessary.
Workers Employ workers with adequate experience, training and know-how. It is always advantageous for
the contractor to employ workers with adequate experience, training, and know-how in the line of
work that they are doing. These people are usually reliable and can be counted upon to exercise
good judgment in the field. These workers shall be led by an experienced supervisor or engineer,
who will provide the leadership in daily activities.
Community and Careful planning and extensive coordination with various government agencies must be
public established. A massive information campaign must precede any construction activity in order to
awareness make the public aware of the extent of the problem that might be present during the period of
construction.
Surveys The following surveys must be completed prior to start of construction:
22

Parameter Planning Guidelines and Techniques

(i) Existing service connection survey – This is a house-to-house survey of all existing houses
in the project area by the officers/engineers of NWSDB and the contractor. The objectives are to
obtain present water supply service level, collect details of the present customers, identify new
service provision requirements, and communicate benefits of the project to the customers.
(ii) Road surveys – This is to be carried out collectively by the staff/engineers of NWSDB and the
contractor. The objectives are to collect information on the traffic condition of the roads during
daytime and nighttime, road width, surface condition, existing structures along the roads, road
users and their usage pattern, parking areas, and open spaces.
(iii) Land surveys – This is to be carried out by a licensed surveyor of the contractor. The
objective is to conduct control level survey, control traverse survey, conduct trace survey of the
longitudinal section along the pipeline, and detailed road surveying and plotting.
(iv) Initial status photography and video – This is to be carried out by the staff/engineers of
NWSDB and the contractor. The objectives are to record all existing conditions of structures on
both sides of the roads, all buildings, towers, boundary walls, fences, temporary structures, and
visible details of utilities on road surface. Any damage that may happen to structures during
construction phase can be accurately identified and compensated using this information.
(v) Existing utilities survey (tracing and/or excavation of trial pits) – This is to be carried out
by the contractor. Tracing of existing utilities can be conducted using a magnetic-type pipe and
cable locator. Excavation of trial pits can be used to obtain existing line details at connection points
and existing underground utility details. The results of the trial pits shall be used to decide the
2
pipeline trace along the road. A trial pit shall have an area of approximately 1–2 m and depth of
up to 2 m. As much as possible, excavate trial pits during nighttime to avoid disrupting traffic flow.
The trial pits must be backfilled and road conditions must be reinstated on the same night up to
before 5 a.m.

B. An tic ip a te d Im p a cts – Co n s tru c tio n P h a s e

70. Construction method. Tasks to be performed for the transmission pipe works are listed
in the order of priority as:

(i) obtain excavation permits;

(ii) mobilize and establish site offices;
(iii) arrange road closure, finalize detours, inform police, and inform public transport
agencies and affected road users;
(iv) inform NWSDB of required water supply interruptions for interconnection to
existing system;
(v) excavate trial pits and identify existing utilities;
(vi) set out pipe routes, prepare shop drawings, and obtain PMU approval;
(vii) identify bad soil areas to ascertain backfill material requirement;
(viii) identify borrow pits;
(ix) identify disposal sites for excess and unsuitable excavated materials;
(x) transport pipes to nearby locations;
(xi) close roads and implement detours;
(xii) excavate trenches, lay pipes, provide anchor blocks, backfill trenches, and
construct chambers, and provide special bedding where specified;
(xiii) inform affected NWSDB customers;
(xiv) complete interconnection to existing pipeline;
(xv) carry out pressure test;
(xvi) flush and disinfect;
(xvii) coordinate with NWSDB operations for closing down of transmission main
tappings;
(xviii) close down transmission main tappings;
(xix) open supply to existing pipeline;
(xx) reinstate road; and
 23

(xxi) hand over to NWSDB.

71. The pipes will be buried in trenches on or immediately adjacent to roads. Trenches will
be dug by backhoe digger, supplemented by manual digging where necessary. Excavated soil
will be placed nearby, and the pipes (brought to site on trucks and stored on unused land
nearby) will be placed in the trench by crane or using a small rig. After the pipes are joined,
loose soil will be shoveled back into the trench, and the surface layer will be compacted by
hand-operated compressor. Any excavated road will be reinstated.

72. Tasks to be performed for the ground water reservoir construction are listed in order of
completion as follows:

(i) site clearing and soil excavation;

(ii) laying of foundations;
(iii) construction of frames, beams and support structures;
(iv) construction of walls, roof beams and roofing;
(v) waterproofing; and
(vi) commissioning.

73. The Ambatale WTP and site for the ground reservoir are on government-owned. There
is sufficient space for a staging area, construction equipment, and stockpiling of materials.

74. Table 9 summarizes the activities and facilities that are likely to be undertaken during
construction of the project, including the associated inputs and outputs.

Table 9: Activities and Facilities, Resource Use, and Produced Outputs during Construction Phase
Activities and Facilities
• Construction camp and its
associated facilities (including
lay-down areas)
• Storage camps and lay-down
areas
− Materials and equipment
stockpiles
− Handling and storage of
hazardous materials
including chemicals
additives, gravel, cement,
concrete, and lubricants
• Source of water
• Vegetation clearance
• Bulk earthworks, grading, and
contouring
• Drilling
• Movement of construction staff,
Inputs/Resource Use
• Bitumen
• Cement
• Chemical additives used in
concrete
• Chemical blasting agents
• Paving blocks
• Aggregate (sand and stone)
• Gravel (fill material and selected
material for sub-base and base
layers)
• Water
− Drinking, cooking, and
sanitation at construction
camps
− Water for dust suppression
− Water applied to base and
sub-base layers during
Outputs/Waste Production
• Old asphalt (removed from road
carriageway during laying of
pipelines) 23
• Waste concrete and other
construction rubble
• Waste bitumen 24
• Materials from pipe descaling
and re-lining
• Used fuels, lubricants, solvents
and other hazardous waste
• General waste
• Contaminated soil
− Soil contaminated with
bitumen
− Soil contaminated with
petrochemicals (i.e. oils and
− lubricants) and other

23
The water supply rehabilitation works affecting roads may involve the stripping and demolition of old asphalt
layers. Ideally, old asphalt shall be reused during construction of the new road in order to avoid large quantities of
waste being produced. However, depending on the availability and cost of virgin aggregate in the area through
which the road is aligned, reusing the old asphalt may be more costly than using virgin aggregate.
24
Bitumen has relatively low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and is largely inert. However, certain
other potentially hazardous chemical may be added to the bitumen or to the aggregate during the construction
process in order to render the compound more workable. The objective is to use the least hazardous chemicals
available and to locate asphalt plants, aggregate stockpiles, and mixing areas where they do not pose a significant
environmental risk.
24

Activities and Facilities Inputs/Resource Use Outputs/Waste Production

equipment, and materials
• Importation of selected materials
for construction
• Temporary detours
• Noise and vibrations
• Dust suppression
• Waste production and temporary
storage/disposal, i.e. used fuels,
waste concrete and bitumen,
spoil materials, and general
waste
• Use of bitumen/asphalt
• Erosion prevention
• Concrete batching plant (and
associated storage and mixing
areas, chemicals)
• Rehabilitation of disturbed areas
• Interaction between construction
workforce and local communities
• Management of the passing
pedestrians and points of
congestion
• Implementation of the
resettlement plan prior to start of
construction
• Reminders to affected people of
construction with time frames
compaction
− Water for application to sub-
base and base layers prior
to compaction
• Petrochemicals
• Other chemicals/lubricants/paints
• Construction vehicles,
machinery, and equipment
• Temporary energy supply to
construction camps
• Labor
− Recruitment of
construction work force
− Skills training
• Public movement control
− need barriers (not just
danger tape) to protect
people from trenches
during construction
chemicals
• Sewage and gray water
(temporary construction camp
sanitation)
• Spoil material (excess soil
removed during excavations)
• Noise and vibrations
(construction vehicles and
machinery)
• Lighting at construction camps,
equipment yards, and lay-down
areas
• Plant material removed from
servitude/right-of-way during
vegetation clearance
• Smoke and fumes
− Burning of waste
− Burning of vegetation cover
− Fires used for cooking and
space heating (construction
camps)
− Vehicle exhaust emissions

C. An tic ip a te d Im p a cts – Op e ratio n s a n d Ma inten a n c e P h a s e

75. The main operations and maintenance (O&M) activities of the rehabilitated pipes will be
detection and repair of leaks and pipe bursts. These are, however, likely to be minimal as
proper design and selection of good quality pipe material shall mean that leaks are minimal.
Leak repair work will be similar to the pipe-laying work as earlier explained. Trenches will be
dug to reveal the leaking area and the faulty connection will be refitted, or the pipe will be
removed and replaced if necessary.

76. Table 10 presents an indication of what activities and facilities are likely to be
undertaken during operation and maintenance of the project, including the associated inputs
and outputs.

Table 10: Activities and Facilities, Resource Use, and Produced Outputs during
Operation and Maintenance Phase
Activities and Facilities Inputs/Resource Use Outputs/Waste Production
• Signages • Labor • Vehicle exhaust emissions
• Safety barriers • Vehicles and equipment used • Waste/worn-out material
• Lighting for inspections and maintenance removed during maintenance
• Noise and vibrations • Aggregate and other material
• Litter collection used during repairing and
• Maintenance activities (repairing maintenance of pipelines.
and maintenance of pipelines)
 25

D. Mitig atio n Me a s ure s

77. There are no impacts that are significant or complex in nature, or that need an in-depth
study to assess the impact. Thus, the project is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts.
The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and O&M can be
mitigated to acceptable levels with the following mitigation measures (Table 11).

Table 11: Recommended Mitigation Measures

Parameter Mitigation Measures
Planning phase
Work schedule and - Ensure careful planning and scheduling of the activities.
closure of areas - To minimize impact on traffic flow, businesses, and road users, as much as possible
schedule trenching works during nighttime.
- Consider low-traffic and non-sensitive areas (other than schools, religious places, and
commercial/business) for daytime trenching works.
- Increase workforce in areas to be excavated during daytime.
- Limit work time in areas to 24 hours.
25
- Prepare a traffic management plan and road safety plan.
Barricades and warning - Use easily transportable barricades and warning signs such as those made of high
26
signs reflector plastic materials.
- Also use aluminized rolled warning signs to warn the public.
Reuse of excavated - Use quarry dust as backfill material as it is widely available.
materials - If readily available, mix local sand with the backfill material to ensure pipe integrity.
- Ensure backfill materials do not contain pointed broken stones, since these might
affect the plastic pipe and cause breakage.
Road crossings - Manual borings are recommended for road crossings in narrow streets to minimize
traffic.
- Apply local technology, knowledge, and minor equipment such as augers, galvanized
iron pipes, and high-pressure water pumps to deliver the water to the tip of the auger.
This method can easily make bores to be able to install 225-mm diameter pipes.
- Use horizontal drilling machines after making sure that no other utilities are in the way
of drilling equipment.
Equipment - In areas where there are few utilities buried under the ground as verified from the
results of the surveys, trial pits, and NWSDB GIS mapping, the contractor shall use
small mechanical excavators to attain faster trenching progress.
- For rock and concrete breaking, use non-explosive blasting chemicals, silent rock
27
cracking chemicals, and concrete breaking chemicals.
Workers - Employ workers with adequate experience, training, and know-how. It is always
advantageous for the contractor to employ workers with adequate experience, training,
and know-how in the line of work that they are doing. These people are usually reliable
and can be counted upon to exercise good judgment in the field.
Community and public - Establish extensive coordination with various government agencies.
awareness - A massive information campaign must precede any construction activity in order to
make the public aware of the extent of the problem that might be present during the
period of construction. The road closure together with the proposed detour, needs to be
communicated via advertising, pamphlets, radio broadcasts, road signage, etc.
- Open liaison channels shall be established between NWSDB, the contractors, and
interested and affected parties such that any queries, complaints, or suggestions can

25
Traffic management plan and road safety plan for roadside excavation for trenching along road edges should be
prepared as suggested by the “Construction Manual” by the Road Development Authority, Ministry of Transport
and Highways.
26
Manual on Traffic Control Devices Second Edition, 2007 by Ministry of Highways and Road Development and
Road Development Authority regulations published in the Sri Lanka Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.
444/19 dated 13 March 1987 under Section 237 along with Section 164 of the Motor Traffic Act is the basis for
providing traffic control devices.
27
These products come in powder forms, and once mixed with water (being the catalyst) simply expand, and crack
the rock from hole to hole. This product is environmentally friendly and can be washed away after it has been used.
26

Parameter Mitigation Measures

be dealt with quickly and by the appropriate persons.
Surveys - Complete the following surveys prior to start of construction:
(i) Existing service connection survey – ehis is a house-to-house survey of all
existing houses in the project area by the officers/engineers of NWSDB and the
Contractor. The objectives are to obtain present water supply service level, collect
details of the present customers, identify new service provision requirements, and
communicate benefits of the project to the customers.
(ii) Road surveys – This is to be carried out collectively by the staff/engineers of
NWSDB and the contractor. The objectives are to collect information on the traffic
condition of the roads during daytime and nighttime, road width, surface condition,
existing structures along the roads, road users and their usage pattern, parking areas,
and open spaces.
(iii) Land surveys – This is to be carried out by a licensed surveyor of the contractor.
The objective is to conduct control level survey, control traverse survey, conduct trace
survey of longitudinal section along pipeline, and detailed road surveying and plotting.
(iv) Initial status photography and video – This is to be carried out by the
staff/engineers of NWSDB and the contractor. The objectives are to record all existing
conditions of structures on both sides of the roads, all buildings, towers, boundary
walls, fences, temporary structures, and visible details of utilities on road surface. Any
damage that may happen to structures during construction phase can be accurately
identified and compensated using this information.
(v) Existing utilities survey (tracing and/or excavation of trial pits) – This is to be
carried out by the contractor. Tracing of existing utilities can be conducted using a
magnetic-type pipe and cable locator. Excavation of trial pits can be used to obtain
existing line details at connection points and existing underground utility details. The
results of the trial pits shall be used to decide the pipeline trace along the road. A trial
2
pit shall have an area of approximately 1–2 m and depth of up to 2 m. As much as
possible, excavate trial pits during nighttime to avoid disrupting traffic flow. The trial pits
must be backfilled and road conditions must be reinstated at the same night up to
before 5 a.m.
(vi) Resettlement inspection and/or survey – Transect inspection walk will be done
by management advisory and supervision consultant (MASC) and resettlement
specialist on all sections prior to construction to determine if any resettlement is
necessary. Survey will be done in the event temporary or permanent impacts are
anticipated as a result of the construction in relevant sections. Compensation will be
paid prior to displacement.
Legislation, permits, and - In all instances, NWSDB, service providers, contractors and consultants must remain
agreements in compliance with relevant local and national legislation.
- A copy of the IEE must be kept on-site and disclosed in NWSDB and ADB website
Access to site - Access to site will be via existing roads. The contractor will need to ascertain the
existing condition of the roads and repair damage due to construction.
- The local Traffic Police Department shall be involved in the planning stages of the
road closure and detour and shall be available on-site for the monitoring of traffic in the
early stages of the operations during road closure.
- The Local Traffic Department must be informed at least a week in advance if the traffic
in the area will be affected.
- No trees, shrubs, or groundcover may be removed or vegetation stripped without the
prior permission of the environment management specialist.
Setting up of construction - Choice of site for the contractor’s camp requires the environment management
camp28 specialist’s permission and must take into account location of local residents,
businesses, and existing land uses, including flood zones and slip/unstable zones. A
site plan must be submitted to the environment management specialist for approval.
- If the contractor chooses to locate the camp site on private land, he must get prior
permission from the environment management specialist and the landowner.
- Under no circumstances may open areas or the surrounding bushes be used as a
toilet facility.

28
Careful planning of the construction camp can ensure that time and costs associated with environmental
management and rehabilitation are reduced.

Parameter
Establishing equipment
lay-down and storage
area29
Materials management –
sourcing30
Education of site staff on
general and environmental
conduct31
Construction phase
Trench width excavation
Hauling of excavated
materials
Pipe descaling and relining
Closure of areas
Reuse of excavated
materials
Equipment
29
Storage areas can be hazardous and unsightly and can cause environmental pollution if not designed and
managed carefully.
30
Materials must be sourced in a legal and sustainable way to prevent offsite environmental degradation.
31
These points need to be made clear to all staff on site before the project begins.
32
Layout of traffic control devices, number of traffic signs, traffic cones, barricade boards, and lighting requirement
should follow the Manual on Traffic Control Devices Second Edition, 2007 by Ministry of Highways and Road
Development and Road Development Authority.
27
Mitigation Measures
- Recycling and the provision of separate waste receptacles for different types of waste
shall be encouraged.
- Storage areas shall be secure so as to minimize the risk of crime. They shall also be
safe from access by children, animals, etc.
- The contractor shall submit a method statement and plans for the storage of
hazardous materials (fuels, oils, and chemicals) and emergency procedures.
- The contractor shall prepare a source statement indicating the sources of all materials
(including topsoil, sands, natural gravels, crushed stone, asphalt, clay liners, etc), and
submit these to the environment management specialist for approval prior to
commencement of any work.
- Where materials are mined, proof must be provided of authorization to utilize these
materials from GSMB.
- Ensure that all site personnel have a basic level of environmental awareness training.
- Staff operating equipment (such as excavators, loaders, etc.) shall be adequately
trained and sensitized to any potential hazards associated with their task.
- No operator shall be permitted to operate critical items of mechanical equipment
without having been trained by the xontractor.
- All employees must undergo safety training.
- During the preparation of the trenches, allowance of 150 mm shall be made on each
side of the pipe.
- For the interconnections, a wider trench or “bell holes” shall be required to be within
the minimum allowable size without sacrificing the quality of work.
- For concrete breaking, use non-explosive blasting chemicals, silent rock cracking
chemicals, and concrete breaking chemicals.
- The excavated earth shall always be dumped on the side opposite the carriageway as
this will not restrict the vehicular movement on the carriageway and not create
bottlenecks on the roadway.
- In the event that excavated trenches are to be kept open overnight, lights, high
visibility warning signs, and barricades shall be provided. 32
- The contractor shall haul away all excavated materials from the excavation site and
deposit these in an area designated by NWSDB.
- The stockpile shall be processed where it is deposited so that it can be brought back
to the trenches as selected filling material.
- Hauling vehicles must always be present at the excavation site.
- The contractor shall ensure all water materials from the descaling and relining
activities are collected in a tanker and deposited in an area designated by NWSDB.
- The contractor shall provide water supply to all affected persons during disruptions.
- Excavation, pipe laying, and installation of service connections, installation of valves
and hydrants, interconnection with existing pipelines, hydro-testing, backfilling, and
pavement restoration shall be completed within 24 hours.
- The contractor must maintain all the materials necessary in his inventory so that these
can be easily hauled to the construction site when needed.
- Advance signage for affected parking areas must indicate duration and alternative
parking arrangements.
- The contractor can process the excavated materials at the disposal site and use these
as selected backfill materials.
- If excavated materials are not suitable for reuse, the contractor shall deposit these in
an area designated by NWSDB.
- The contractor shall use small mechanical excavators in areas where there are few
utilities buried under the ground as verified from the results of the existing utilities
28

Parameter Mitigation Measures

survey and NWSDB GIS mapping.
- The excavator shall be immediately followed by skilled workers who will trim and clean
the trenches to proper size and depth as required in the plan. They shall see to it that
the trenches are ready for pipe installation as soon as they move away from them.
Access - The contractor shall make available in his stock steel plates and wooden planks which
will be deployed on top of trench excavation to provide temporary access to building
carport and garages, street crossings, and other areas where these will be necessary.
- Advance road signage must indicate the road detour and alternative routes. Provide
sign boards for pedestrians to inform them of nature and duration of construction works
and contact numbers for concerns/ complaints.
Occupational health and - Employ workers with adequate experience, training, and know-how.
safety - These workers shall be led by an experienced supervisor or engineer, who will provide
the leadership in daily activities.
- A general regard for the social and ecological well-being of the site and adjacent
areas is expected of the site staff. Workers need to be made aware of the following
general rules: (i) no alcohol/drugs on site; (ii) prevent excessive noise; (iii) construction
staff are to make use of the facilities provided for them, as opposed to ad hoc
alternatives (e.g. fires for cooking, the use of surrounding bushes as a toilet facility); (iv)
no fires permitted on site except if needed for the construction works; (v) trespassing on
private/commercial properties adjoining the site is forbidden; (vi) other than pre-
approved security staff, no workers shall be permitted to live on the construction site;
and (vii) no worker may be forced to do work that is potentially dangerous or that
he/she is not trained to do.
- The contractor must monitor the performance of construction workers to ensure that
the points relayed during their induction have been properly understood and are being
followed. If necessary, the EE and/or a translator shall be called to the site to further
explain aspects of environmental or social behavior that are unclear.
- The rules that are explained in the worker conduct section must be followed at all
times.
Community health and - Contractor’s activities and movement of staff will be restricted to designated
safety construction areas.
- Should the construction staff be approached by members of the public or other
stakeholders, staff shall assist them in locating the environment management specialist
or contractor, or provide a number through which they may contact the environment
management specialist or contractor.
- The conduct of the construction staff when dealing with the public or other
stakeholders shall be in a manner that is polite and courteous at all times. Failure to
adhere to this requirement may result in the removal of staff from the site by the
environment management specialist.
- Disruption of access for local residents, commercial establishments, institutions, etc.
must be minimized and must have the environment management specialist’s
permissions.
- Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access for people and
vehicles.
- Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours, and factor this in work
schedules.
- The contractor is to inform neighbors in writing of disruptive activities at least 24 hours
beforehand. This can take place by way of leaflets placed in the postboxes giving the
environment management specialist’s and contractor’s details or other method
approved by the environment management specialist. Provide sign boards for
pedestrians to inform them of nature and duration of construction works and contact
numbers for concerns/complaints.
- The contractor will ensure that there is provision of alternate access to business
establishments during the construction, so that there is no closure of these shops or
any loss of clientage.
- The contractor will ensure that any damage to properties and utilities will be restored
or compensated to pre-work conditions.
- Lighting on the construction site shall be pointed downwards and away from oncoming
traffic and nearby houses.
- The site must be kept clean to minimize the visual impact of the site.
- If screening is being used, this must be moved and re-erected as the work front
 29

Parameter Mitigation Measures

progresses.
- Machinery and vehicles are to be kept in good working order for the duration of the
project to minimize noise nuisance to neighbors.
- Notice of particularly noisy activities must be given to residents/businesses adjacent to
the construction site. Examples of these include: noise generated by jackhammers,
diesel generator sets, excavators, etc.
- Noisy activities must be restricted to the times given in the project specification or
general conditions of contract.
- The environment management specialist and contractor are responsible for ongoing
communication with those people who are interested in or affected by the project.
- A complaints register (refer to the grievance redressal mechanism) shall be housed at
the site office. This shall be in carbon copy format, with numbered pages. Any missing
pages must be accounted for by the contractor. This register is to be tabled during
monthly site meetings.
- Interested and affected parties need to be made aware of the existence of the
complaints book and the methods of communication available to them.
- The contractor must address queries and complaints by: (i) documenting details of
such communications; (ii) submitting these for inclusion in complaints register; (iii)
bringing issues to the environment management specialist’s attention immediately; and
(iv) taking remedial action as per environment management specialist’s instruction.
- The contractor shall immediately take the necessary remedial action on any
complaint/grievance received by him and forward the details of the grievance along with
the action taken to the environment management specialist within 48 hours of receipt of
such complaint/grievance.
Community and public - Storage facilities and other temporary structures on-site shall be located such that
awareness they have as little visual impact on local residents as possible.
- Special attention shall be given to the screening of highly reflective materials on site.
- In areas where the visual environment is particularly important (e.g. along commercial/
tourism routes) or privacy concerns for surrounding buildings exist, the site may require
screening. This could be in the form of shade cloth, temporary walls, or other suitable
materials prior to the beginning of construction.
Construction camps and - The contractor is to ensure that open areas or the surrounding bushes are not being
storage areas used as toilet facility.
- The contractor shall ensure that all litter is collected from the work and camp areas
daily.
- Bins and/or skips shall be emptied regularly and waste shall be disposed of at the pre-
approved site. Waybills for all such disposals are to be kept by the contractor for review
by the environment management specialist.
- The contractor shall ensure that his camp and working areas are kept clean and tidy
at all times.
- After construction work, all structures comprising the construction camp are to be
removed from site or handed over to the property owner/community as per mutual
agreement (if established on private/community land).
- The area that previously housed the construction camp is to be checked for spills of
substances such as oil, paint, etc. and these shall be cleaned up.
- All hardened surfaces within the construction camp area shall be ripped, all imported
materials removed, and the area shall be topsoiled and regrassed using the guidelines
set out in the revegetation specification that forms part of this document.
- The contractor must arrange the cancellation of all temporary services.
Dust and air pollution - Vehicles travelling to and from the construction site must adhere to speed limits so as
to avoid producing excessive dust.
- Access and other cleared surfaces, including backfilled trenches, must be dampened
whenever possible and especially in dry and windy conditions to avoid excessive dust.
- Vehicles and machinery are to be kept in good working order and to meet
manufacturer’s specifications for safety, fuel consumption, etc.
- The contractor is to have the equipment seen to as soon as possible should excessive
emissions be observed,
30

Parameter Mitigation Measures

Noise levels - Noise-generating equipment must be fitted with silencers.
33
- Maximum permissible noise levels in silent zones must be less than or equal to 50
34
Leq T during day time and 45 Leq T during night time.
- Maximum permissible noise levels for construction activities must be less than or
equal to 75 Leq T during day time and 50 Leq T during nighttime.
- For noise sensitive areas (silent zones) in which background noise level exceeds or is
marginal to the given level, there must be no increase of +3 dB(A) from the measured
background level
- For mixed residential or commercial areas in which the background noise level
exceeds or is marginal to the given level, there must be no increase of +5 dB(A) from
the measured background level during daytime and +3 dB(A) from the measured
background level during nighttime.
- If a worker is exposed to noise above a noise exposure limit, the contractor must
investigate options for engineered noise control such as using low-noise excavators,
jackhammers, drills, and power generators.
- If it is not practicable to reduce noise levels to or below noise exposure limits, the
contractor must post warning signs in the noise hazard areas. Workers in a posted
noise hazard area must wear hearing protection.
Utilities - Prepare a list of affected utilities and operators
- Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional
interruption of services.
Water quality35 - Every effort shall be made to ensure that any chemicals or hazardous substances do
not contaminate the soil or water on-site.
- Care must be taken to ensure that runoff from vehicle or plant washing does not enter
the surface/ground water.
- Site staff shall not be permitted to use any stream, river, other open water body, or
natural water source adjacent to or within the designated site for the purposes of
bathing, washing of clothing, or for any construction or related activities. Municipal
water (or another source approved by the environment management specialist) shall
instead be used for all activities such as washing of equipment or disposal of any type
of waste, dust suppression, concrete mixing, compacting etc.
- All concrete mixing must take place on a designated, impermeable surface.
- No vehicles transporting concrete to the site may be washed on-site.
- No vehicles transporting, placing, or compacting asphalt or any other bituminous
product may be washed on-site.
- All substances required for vehicle maintenance and repair must be stored in sealed
containers until they can be disposed of removed from the site.
- Hazardous substance/ materials are to be transported in sealed containers or bags.
Waste management - Wastes must be placed in the designated skips/bins which must be regularly emptied.
These shall remain within demarcated areas and shall be designed to prevent wastes
from being blown out by wind.
- Littering on-site is forbidden and the site shall be cleared of litter at the end of each
working day/night period.
- Recycling is to be encouraged by providing separate receptacles for different types of
wastes and making sure that staff is aware of their uses.
- All waste must be removed from the site and transported to a disposal site or as
directed by the environment management specialist. Waybills proving disposal at each
site shall be provided for the environment management specialist’s inspection.
- Construction rubble shall be disposed of in pre-agreed, demarcated spoil dumps that
have been approved by the environment management specialist, or at disposal sites.

33
National Environmental (Noise Control) regulations No. 1 1996 defines silent zone as area covered by a distance
of 100 m from the boundary of a courthouse, hospital, public library, school, zoo, sacred areas, and areas set apart
for recreation or environmental purposes.
34
Leq T means the equivalent continuous, A-weighted sound pressure determined over a time interval T (in
decibels).
35
Water quality is affected by the incorrect handling of substances and materials. Soil erosion and sediment are also
detrimental to water quality. Mismanagement of polluted runoff from vehicle and plant washing and wind dispersal
of dry materials into rivers and watercourses are detrimental to water quality.
 31

Parameter Mitigation Measures

Conservation of natural - As the work front progresses, the contractor is to check that vegetation clearing has
environment the prior permission of the environment management specialist.
- Only trees that have been marked beforehand are to be removed, if cutting of trees is
required.
Cultural and historical - All the staff and laborers of the contractor are to be informed about the possible items
environment of historical or archaeological value, which include old stone foundations, tools,
clayware, jewelry, remains, fossils etc.
- If something of this nature is uncovered, Department of Archaeology shall be
contacted and work shall be stopped immediately.
Safeguards supervisors - The contractor shall appoint one environment safeguard supervisor and one
resettlement supervisor who will be responsible for assisting the contractor in
implementation of EMP, coordinating with the MASC, environment management
specialist, and resettlement specialist, community liaison, consultations with
interested/affected parties, reporting, and grievance redressal on a day-to-day basis.
Operation and maintenance phase
Detection and repair of - Leak repair work will be similar to the pipe-laying work as earlier explained. Trenches
leaks and pipe bursts will be dug to reveal the leaking area and the faulty connection will be refitted, or the
pipe will be removed and replaced if necessary.
- Although impact is likely to be minimal due to new and well-designed efficient system,
it must be ensured that leak detection and restoration time are minimized to the extent
possible.

78. The potential adverse environmental impacts are mainly related to the construction
period, which can be minimized by the mitigating measures and environmentally sound
engineering and construction practices.

E. Cu m u la tive Im p a ct As s e s s m e n t

79. The cumulative impact assessment (CIA) examined the interaction between the project’s
residual effects (i.e., those effects that remain after mitigation measures have been applied) and
those associated with other past, existing, and reasonably foreseeable future projects or
activities. The interaction of residual effects associated with multiple projects and/or activities
can result in cumulative impacts, both positive and negative. The project’s potential cumulative
effects were considered with respect to valued components (VCs) in environmental and
socioeconomic categories, in four areas:

(i) of any potential residual project effects that may occur incrementally over time;
(ii) consideration of other known relevant projects or activities within the specified
study area boundaries, even if not directly related to the project;
(iii) potential overlapping impacts that may occur due to other developments, even if
not directly related to the proposed project; and
(iv) future developments that are reasonably foreseeable and sufficiently certain to
proceed.

80. The project has identified the VCs as water quality, noise, traffic management,
socioeconomic and socio-community components, and human health. There are no foreseeable
projects that will overlap with the project. The spatial boundary of the project is the area along
the pipe alignment, existing right of ways, and building sites. The temporal boundary can be
considered as the whole Colombo City.

81. Given the water supply requirement in Colombo will be met and the sources considered
adequate, there are no significant cumulative impacts expected on the future water supply.
32

82. Air quality effects will occur during construction. Consequently, although emissions of
common air contaminants and fugitive dust may be elevated in proximity to active work sites,
this impact will be short-term and localized to the immediate vicinity of the alignment.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may increase as a result of project activities (i.e., vehicle and
equipment operation, concrete production, disposal of excavated material, landfilling of residual
wastes). Given the project’s relatively minor contribution to common air contaminants and GHG
emissions during construction, the overall significance rating of both these potential residual
effects is considered to be negligible.

83. Noise levels during construction in the immediate proximity of most work sites are
expected to increase. The duration of this exposure will be relatively brief. This exposure
represents a temporary, localized, adverse residual effect of low to moderate significance for
affected receptors. While building damage due to ground vibrations is unlikely, there may be
annoyance to spatially located receptors during construction. Noise levels associated with the
project O&M will be largely imperceptible, as the buildings are located in relatively small sites
within the city proper.

84. Land use/traffic management concerns will occur spatially during construction. Site-
specific mitigation measures will be implemented to address temporary disruptions to land use
and access, traffic delays and detours, parking modifications, and increased volumes of
construction-related traffic. Traffic movement along the alignment will be improved once
construction is completed. Since the project will be the rehabilitation of existing pipelines and a
building to be constructed adjacent to existing water supply facilities, it will not conflict with
existing or planned land use. However, following improvement in infrastructures and services,
added residential developments, commercial, and business facilities and increased densities
are expected to develop and enhance the project area. This can be considered a long-term
cumulative benefit of the project.

85. Upon completion of the project, the sociocommunity will benefit from improved water
supply system. This is considered a long-term cumulative benefit.

86. No adverse residual effects to human health will occur as a result of project construction
or operation. While exposure to elevated noise levels and fugitive dust and common air
pollutants will occur in proximity to project work sites during construction, due to their short-term,
localized nature, these effects are expected to be minor and insignificant with no measurable
effects on human health.

87. Therefore the project will benefit the general public by contributing to the long-term
improvement of water supply system and community livability in Colombo City.

VI. INFORMATION DIS CLOS URE, CONS ULTATION, AND P ARTICIP ATION

A. P u b lic Co n s ultatio n Con d u c te d

88. The public participation process included (i) identifying interested and affected parties
(stakeholders); (ii) informing and providing the stakeholders with sufficient background and
technical information regarding the proposed development; (iii) creating opportunities and
mechanisms whereby they can participate and raise their viewpoints (issues, comments, and
concerns) with regard to the proposed development; (iv) giving the stakeholders feedback on
process findings and recommendations; and (v) ensuring compliance to process requirements
with regards to the environmental and related legislation.
 33

89. The following methodologies have been used for carrying out public consultation:

(i) Local communities, individuals, and owners and employees of commercial

establishments who are directly or indirectly affected were given priority while
conducting public consultation.
(ii) Walk-through informal group consultations were held in the proposed project
area.
(iii) The local communities were informed through public consultation, with briefing
on project interventions, including its benefits.
(iv) The environmental concerns and suggestions made by the participants were
listed, and discussed, and suggestions accordingly incorporated in the EMP.

90. Different techniques of consultation with stakeholders were used during project
preparation (interviews, public meetings, group discussions, etc). A questionnaire was designed
and environmental information was collected. Apart from this, a series of public consultation
meetings were conducted during the project preparation. Various forms of public consultations
(consultation through ad hoc discussions on-site) have been used to discuss the project and
involve the community in planning the project design and mitigation measures.

91. Key respondents included project-affected persons, who only include owners of
houses/residences and commercial shops/establishments who will suffer temporary access
disruptions during project implementation due to the laying of pipelines,
shopkeepers/businessmen from the project area, and daily commuters consulted randomly. In
addition to a number of informal consultations conducted regularly in the project corridor, a total
of 42 people, selected on a stratified basis to ensure diversified representation, were consulted
in January to February 2013. Issues discussed and feedback received along with details of
date, time, location, and list of participants are given in Appendix 3.

B. Fu tu re Co n s ultatio n a nd Dis c lo s ure

92. The IEE and other relevant documents will be made available at public locations in the
city and posted on the NWSDB and ADB websites. The consultation process will be continued
and expanded during the project implementation through a nongovernment organization (NGO),
to ensure stakeholders participate fully in project execution, as well as to implement a
comprehensive information, education, and communication plan.

93. The public consultation and disclosure program with all interested and affected partied
will remain a continuous process throughout the project implementation, and shall include the
following:

(i) Consultations during construction phase: (a) public meetings with affected
communities to discuss and plan work programs and allow issues to be raised and
addressed once construction has started; and (b) smaller-scale meetings to discuss and
plan construction work with individual communities to reduce disturbance and other
impacts, and to provide a mechanism through which stakeholders can participate in
project monitoring and evaluation.
(ii) Project disclosure: (a) public information campaigns (via newspaper, TV, and
radio) to explain the project to the wider city population and prepare them for disruptions
they may experience once construction is underway; (b) public disclosure meetings at
key project stages to inform the public of progress and future plans, and to provide
34

copies of summary documents in local language; (c) formal disclosure of completed

project reports by making copies available at convenient locations in the study areas,
and informing the public of their availability; and (d) providing a mechanism through
which comments can be made.

94. For the benefit of the community, the summary of the IEE will be translated in the local
language and made available at (i) NWSDB office, (ii) area offices, and (iii) contractor’s
campsites. It will be ensured that the hard copies of IEE are kept at places which are
conveniently accessible to citizens, as a means to disclose the document and at the same time
creating wider public awareness. An electronic version of the IEE will be placed in the official
website of NWSDB and the ADB website after approval of the IEE by ADB.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRES S MECHANIS M

95. A project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established to receive,

evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of AP’s concerns, complaints, and grievances about the
social and environmental performance at the level of the project. The GRM will aim to provide a
time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns
linked to the project.

Figure 1: Grievance Redress Process

96. Common GRM. A common GRM will be in place for social, environmental, or any other
grievances related to the investment program; the RP and IEE will follow the grievance redress
mechanism described below, which is developed in consultation with key stakeholders. The
GRM will provide an accessible and trusted platform for receiving and facilitating resolution of
affected persons’ grievances related to the project. The multi-tier GRM for the project is outlined
below, each tier having time-bound schedules and with responsible persons identified to
address grievances and seek appropriate persons’ advice at each stage, as required.

97. The citywide public awareness campaign will ensure that awareness on grievance
redress procedures is generated, using electronic, radio, and print media. The implementing
 35

NGO will ensure that poor and vulnerable households are made aware of grievance redress
procedures and entitlements, and will help ensure that their grievances are addressed.

98. APs will have the flexibility of conveying grievances/suggestions by dropping grievance
redress/suggestion forms in complaints/suggestion boxes, or through telephone hotlines at
accessible locations, by e-mail, by post, or by writing in a complaints register in the NWSDB
Area Engineer’s Office (Appendix 4 has the sample grievance registration form). Careful
documentation of the name of the complainant, date of receipt of the complaint, address/
contact details of the person, location of the problem area, and how the problem was resolved,
will be undertaken. The PMU social development/safeguards officer will be responsible for
timely grievance redressal on environmental and social safeguards issues, registration of
grievances, related disclosure, and communication with the aggrieved party.

99. Grievance redress process. In case of grievances that are immediate and urgent in the
perception of the complainant, the contractor and supervision personnel from the PMU/MASC
on-site will provide the most easily accessible contact for quick resolution of grievances. Contact
phone numbers and names of the PMU social development and safeguards officer, MASC
safeguards specialists 36, and contractor site engineer will be posted at all constructions sites in
visible locations. In tenement gardens, the point of contact will be the contractor/supervision
personnel or the project NGO personnel that will be involved in community mobilization and
awareness generation among such communities. The contractors and supervision personnel of
PMU/MASC and/or the project NGO can immediately resolve issues on-site in consultation with
each other, and will be required to do so within 7 days of receipt of a complaint/grievance. If
required, the advice of the area engineer and/or the concerned Grama Niladhari (GN) officer as
well as the advice or assistance of PMU social development and safeguards officer and MASC
safeguards specialists will be sought, for resolution of the issue by any one or all of them jointly.

100. All grievances that cannot be redressed within 7 days at field level will be jointly
reviewed by the PMU social development/safeguards officer and MASC safeguards specialists,
who will attempt to resolve them within 15 days, enlisting the assistance of the local
representative of CEA and other concerned stakeholders, as required.

101. The project director will refer major issues to the grievance redressal committee
(GRC) 37, which will resolve them within 30 days, and very major issues that are beyond the
jurisdictional authority of the GRC, or those that have the potential to cause social conflicts or
environmental damage, will be referred directly to the program steering committee (PSC) 38.
Grievances which the GRC is unable to resolve within 30 days will also be referred to the PSC.
All paperwork (details of grievances) needs to be completed by the PMU social development
and safeguards officer, facilitated by the project public relations officer, and circulated to the

36
MASC environment management specialist and resettlement specialist
37
The grievance redress committee (GRC) will have the following as members: divisional secretary as chairperson,
CWSSIP project director, PMU social development/safeguards officer as the convener, project public relations
officer, director of the project NGO, concerned NWSDB deputy general manager (DGM) for the Western Central
Region, assistant general manager (AGM) in charge of NRW, the area engineer, NWSDB, representatives of APs,
community-based organizations (CBOs), and eminent citizens. The GRC must have at least two women members.
38
The program steering committee responsible for grievance redress will have the following as members: Ministry of
Finance and Planning (MOFP), with the Secretary to Treasury (ST) as the chairperson, the Secretary of the
MWSD, the Secretary of MLGPC and senior officials from Department of External Resources (DER) and
Department of National Planning (DNP), Ministry of Defense and Urban Development, NWSDB, and CMC as
members. Representatives of concerned government ministries such as Ministry of Land and Land Development,
Health etc. may be invited to participate as and when required.
36

respective GRC and PSC members at least a week in advance of the scheduled meetings. All
decisions taken by the GRC and PRC will be communicated to the APs by the project public
relations officer.

102. Despite the project GRM, an aggrieved person shall have access to the country's legal
system at any stage, and accessing the country's legal system can run parallel to accessing the
GRM and is not dependent on the negative outcome of the GRM.

103. Composition of GRC and PSC. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will have the
project director, safeguards officer of the PMU (convener), the PRO (PMU), the divisional
secretary (chairperson), the director of the implementing NGO in tenement gardens, the
concerned deputy general manager (DGM) NWSDB for the Western Central region, assistant
general manager (AGM) in charge of NRW, the area engineer, NWSDB, representatives of
affected persons, community-based organizations (CBOs), and eminent citizens as members.
The GRC must have at least two women members.

104. The local representative of CEA and representatives of Road Development Authority
(RDA), Provincial Road Development Authority (PRDA), CMC, and concerned GN Officers may
be invited to GRC meetings as and when required. Presence of at least five members, including
one AP/civil society representative, is necessary for resolutions to be passed.

105. Recordkeeping. Records will be kept by the PMU of all grievances received, including
contact details of complainant, date the complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed
corrective actions and the date these were effected, and final outcome.

106. The number of grievances recorded and resolved and the outcomes will be
displayed/disclosed in the offices of the PMU, NWSDB’s NRW office, and the area engineer’s
office and website, as well as reported in monitoring reports submitted to ADB on a semiannual
basis.

107. Periodic review and documentation of lessons learned. The safeguards officer will
periodically review the functioning of the GRM and record information on the effectiveness of
the mechanism, especially on the project’s ability to prevent and address grievances. Lessons
learned will be shared with the CEA and Ministry of Land Development as required under the
National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP), 2001.

108. Costs. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations,
communication, and information dissemination) will be borne by the PMU; cost estimates for
grievance redress are included in resettlement cost estimates.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT P LAN

109. The purpose of the environmental management plan (EMP) is to ensure that the
activities are undertaken in a responsible, non-detrimental manner with the objectives of: (i)
providing a proactive, feasible, and practical working tool to enable the measurement and
monitoring of environmental performance on-site; (ii) guiding and controlling the implementation
of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the project;
(iii) detailing specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact
of the project; and (iv) ensuring that safety recommendations are complied with.
 37

110. A copy of the EMP must be kept on work sites at all times. The EMP will be made
binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included in the contractual clauses.
Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes
a failure in compliance.

A. In s titu tio n a l Arra n g e m e n t

111. Executing and implementing agencies. The executing agencies are the Ministry of
Water Supply and Drainage (MWSD) and Ministry of Logal Government and Provincial Council
(MLGPC). The implementing agencies are NWSDB and CMC. PMUs will be established in each
implementing agency.

112. The executing agencies will provide all the necessary logistic support (vehicle,
computers, support staff, etc.) to the PMUs for carrying out the related activities for
environmental and social safeguard implementation and monitoring. The implementing agencies
will ensure that bidding and contract documents include specific provisions requiring contractors
to comply with all applicable labor laws and core labor standards on (i) prohibition of child labor
as defined in national legislation for construction and maintenance activities; (ii) equal pay for
equal work of equal value regardless of gender, ethnicity, or caste; (iii) elimination of forced
labor; and (iv) the requirement to disseminate information on sexually transmitted diseases
including HIV/AIDS to employees and local communities surrounding the project sites.

113. The program steering committee (PSC). At the central level, a program steering
committee (PSC) will be established at the Ministry of Finance and Planning (MOFP), with the
Secretary to Treasury (ST) as the chairperson, the Secretary of MWSD, the Secretary of
MLGPC and senior officials from the Department of External Resources (DER) and Department
of National Planning (DNP), the Ministry of Defense and Urban Development, the NWSDB, and
CMC, as members. The PSC will be the apex decision-making body for the investment
program. The PSC will meet quarterly, review progress, provide policy guidance, resolve inter-
agency issues that impede program progress, and advice on necessary action, particularly with
respect to scope, cost, and reform agenda of the investment program, and facilitate inter-
agency coordination. The PSC will be responsible for: (i) providing sanctions and approvals
under the investment program; (ii) making all important decisions on the investment program
implementation; and (iii) ensuring timely investment program implementation.

114. For water supply investments, MWSD will be the executing agency and NWSDB will be
the implementing agency. The PMU in the RSC WC has been established and headed by a full-
time project director. The PMU will be responsible for: (i) preparation and implementation of the
investment program; (ii) management of loan consultants; (iii) disbursement of funds and
recovery of loan repayments; and (iv) conducting overall investment program monitoring and
evaluation, including preparation of necessary investment program reports, with the help of loan
consultants.

115. The PMU will also be responsible for implementing and monitoring safeguards
compliance activities, public relations activities, gender mainstreaming activities, and community
participation activities. The PMU will have a social development and safeguards officer who will
be responsible for safeguards functions. The responsibilities of the PMU social development
and safeguards officer are to: (i) ensure that the EARF provisions are observed, such as
ensuring that works are selected according to the environmental criteria for project selection; (ii)
review and approve project IEEs and EMPs; (iii) confirm existing IEE and EMP are updated
based on detailed designs; (iv) confirm whether the EMP are included in bidding documents and
38

civil works contracts; (v) provide oversight on environmental management aspects of the project
and ensure EMP is implemented by contractors; (vi) establish a system to monitor
environmental safeguards of the project, including monitoring the indicators set out in the
monitoring plan of the EMP; (vii) facilitate and confirm overall compliance with all government
rules and regulations regarding site and environmental clearances, as well as any other
environmental requirements, as relevant; (viii) review, monitor, and evaluate the effectiveness
with which the EMP is implemented, and recommend necessary corrective actions to be taken
as necessary; (ix) consolidate monthly environmental monitoring reports from MASC and submit
semiannual monitoring reports to ADB; (x) ensure timely disclosure of final IEE/EMP in locations
and form accessible to the public; and (xi) address any grievances brought about through the
GRM in a timely manner. The monitoring report will focus on the progress of implementation of
the IEE and RP, issues encountered and measures adopted, follow-up actions required, if any,
as well as status of compliance with relevant loan covenants.

116. MASC. The MASC will be engaged to work closely with and advise the PMU, to build
capacity on NRW reduction, and to be involved in project supervision including construction.
The MASC will have an environment management specialist and a resettlement specialist. For
environmental related work, the MASC environment management specialist will (i) ensure
design and location of works are selected according to the environmental criteria for project
selection; (ii) prepare project IEEs and EMPs; (iii) conduct environmental compliance audit of
existing facilities as per Item F, Appendix 4 of ADB SPS, 2009; (iv) update the IEE/EMP during
detailed design stage; (v) include EMP in bidding documents and civil works contracts; (vi)
ensure all requisite government approvals are in place to allow implementation, and that these
are renewed in a timely fashion where required; (vii) oversee implementation of EMP during
construction, including environmental monitoring of contractors; (viii) take corrective actions
when necessary to ensure no environmental impacts; (ix) review monthly reports by contractors
and submit monthly environmental monitoring reports to the PMU; and (x) address any
grievances brought about through the GRM in a timely manner as per IEEs. The outline TOR for
the MASC environment management specialist is attached as Appendix 5.

117. Contractor. The contractor will have an environment supervisor to (i) coordinate with
MASC on updating the IEE/EMP based on detailed designs, and (ii) and ensure implementation
of EMP during civil works..

118. NGO. The project NGO, which will be responsible for formation of water user groups in
tenement gardens, will also help the PMU/MASC ensure poor and vulnerable APs in tenement
gardens are identified, and receive benefits of the project and any entitlements. The NGO will
collect and analyze data as required to help the MASC/PMU monitor impacts on the poor and
vulnerable. The NGO will (i) put forth grievances of APs/vulnerable groups in tenement gardens
to the PMU/MASC and GRC; (ii) generate awareness among APs and vulnerable groups about
opportunities for employment in project-related activities, rights, entitlements, and grievance
redress process, and help them make informed choices; (iii) assist the PMU in providing
assistance to APs in tenement gardens, if required/applicable; (iv) participate in public meetings
and consultations as and when required; (v) document lessons learned each year; (vi) identify
follow-up actions to ensure sustainability of water user groups formed; (vii) follow up on WASH
program 39; (viii) follow up on key messages of awareness campaign among tenement garden
communities; and (ix) analyze and report on gender impacts of project interventions. The

39
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program
 39

success of NGO inputs will largely depend on their liaison with APs and other concerned
government agencies.

119. Organizational procedures/institutional roles and responsibilities for thesafeguards

implementation are described in Table 12 and Figures 2 and 3.

Table 12: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities for Safeguards Implementation

Activities Agency Responsible
Disclosure of proposed project and anticipated social and environmental ADB
impacts on website NWSDB
Disclosure of proposed project, social/environmental impacts, proposed NWSDB
entitlements/mitigation measures in local languages
Disclosure of grievance redress mechanism/process NWSDB PMU
MASC
Nongovernment organization
Finalization of sites and alignments NWSDB PMU
MASC
Identification of roads for closure, existing utilities, road conditions NWSDB PMU
MASC
Updating of safeguard documents (IEE and RP) based on detailed design MASC
Review of updated RP/IEE and send to ADB for approval prior to contract NWSDB PMU
award
Clearance and disclosure of updated safeguard documents ADB
NWSDB
Conducting transect walks through road stretches to identify extent of impacts MASC
Contractor
NGO (in case of road in tenement
garden)
Conducting meetings at community/household level with affected persons MASC
(APs) Contractor
NGO (in case of road in tenement
garden)
40
Design/implementation of detailed measurement survey (DMS) on roads MASC
identified for full/partial closure; identification of poor and vulnerable APs Nongovernment organization
Computation of entitlements NWSDB PMU
Categorization of APs for finalizing entitlements MASC
NGO
Conducting focus group discussions/meetings/consultations/workshops during MASC
DMS survey and updating safeguards documents
Finalizing entitlements and rehabilitation packages for all APs NWSDB PMU
MASC
Disclosure of final entitlements and rehabilitation packages NWSDB PMU
MASC
NGO
Delivery of entitlements/award of checks NWSDB PMU
NGO
Implementation of mitigation and rehabilitation measures NWSDB PMU
MASC
Contractor
Consultations with APs during rehabilitation activities MASC
Contractor
NGO
Grievance redressal NWSDB PMU
Grievance redressal committee
MASC

40
Detailed measurement survey to be carried out during detailed design, to record and quantify resettlement impacts
and entitled persons.
40

Activities Agency Responsible

NGO Contractor
Internal monitoring NWSDB PMU
MASC

Figure 2: Project Implementation Arrangement

 41

Figure 3: Safeguards Implementation Arrangement

B. Ca p a c ity Bu ild in g

120. A training program has been developed to build the capability of PMU. This will be
conducted by the MASC.

121. PMU and the MASC will organize an induction course for the training of contractors,
preparing them on: (i) EMP implementation, including environmental monitoring requirements
related to mitigation measures; and (ii) taking immediate actions to remedy unexpected adverse
impacts or ineffective mitigation measures found during the course of implementation. The
contractor will be required to conduct environmental awareness and orientation of workers prior
to deployment to work sites. The suggested outline of the training program is presented in Table
13.

Table 13: Indicative Capacity Building and Training Program (GCWWMIIP)

Description Contents Schedule Participants
Program 1 Module 1 – Orientation 1 day MWSD and NWSDB
Orientation workshop ADB Safeguards Policy Statement officials involved in the
Sri Lankan Environmental Laws project implementation
and Regulations
PMU
Module 2 – Environmental
Assessment Process
ADB environmental process,
identification of impacts and
mitigation measures, formulation of
an environmental management
plan (EMP), implementation, and
monitoring requirements
Review of environmental
42

Description Contents Schedule Participants

assessment report to comply with
ADB requirements
Incorporation of EMP into the
project design and contracts
Program 2 Environmental issues during 1 day PMU
Orientation program/ construction contractors
workshop for contractors and Implementation of EMP
supervisory staff Monitoring of EMP implementation
Reporting requirements
Program 3 Experiences on EMP 1 day on a regular PMU
Experiences and best implementation – issues and period to be MASC
practices sharing challenges determined by PMU Contractors
Best practices followed and MASC Nongovernment
organization

C. En viro n m e n ta l Ma n a g em e n t Ac tio n P la n

122. The EMP will guide the environmentally sound construction of the project and ensure
efficient lines of communication between the PMU, MASC, and contractors. The EMP identifies
activities according to the following three phases: (i) site establishment and preliminary
activities, including finalizing IEE/EMP; (ii) construction stage; and (iii) post-
construction/operational stage. Table 14 outlines the mitigation measures and persons
responsible for implementation and monitoring. The EMP will be updated by MASC during the
detailed design stage. Note that the final IEE/EMP should be reviewed and cleared by NSWDB
and ADB at time of detailed design and prior to commencement of construction work.

123. Environmental monitoring program. Prior to commencement of any civil work, the
contractor will submit a compliance report41 to the MASC ensuring that all identified pre-
construction environmental impact mitigation measures as detailed in the EMP will be
undertaken. The MASC will review the report, and thereafter PMU will allow commencement of
civil works. PMU and the MASC will be responsible for monitoring.

41
This compliance report will include information on (i) barricades and warning signs; (ii) area for setting up of
construction camps; (iii) methodology for surveys; (iv) area for establishing lay-down and storage; (v) sources of
materials; (vi) records of environmental awareness, safety training, and orientation of workers prior to deployment
to work sites; (vii) contact information of the environmental and resettlement supervisors; and (viii) construction
method statement.
 43

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
Planning phase
Work - Ensure careful planning and scheduling of the MASC PMU safeguards Plan and Prior to start of Detailed Design
schedule activities. environment officer to schedule for civil works documents
and closure - To minimize impact on traffic flow, businesses, management approve road closures
of areas and road users, as much as possible schedule specialist to schedule and
trenching works during nighttime. coordinate with areas
- Consider low-traffic and non-sensitive areas contractor
(other than schools, religious places, and
commercial/business) for daytime trenching
works.
- Increase workforce in areas to be excavated
during daytime.
- Limit time in areas to be worked on to 24 hours.
- Prepare a traffic management plan and road
42
safety plan.
Barricades - Use easily transportable barricades and Contractor to MASC Lists and Prior to start of Detailed design
and warning warning signs, such as those made of high submit environment samples of civil works documents
43
signs reflector plastic materials. information to management warning signs
- Also use aluminized rolled warning signs to MASC as part of specialist and barricades
warn the public. compliance
report and
construction
method
statement
Reuse of - Use quarry dust as backfill material as it is Contractor to MASC Lists of sources Prior to start of Standards
excavated widely available. submit sources environment civil works prescribed by
materials - If readily available, mix local sand with the of materials to management the Geological
backfill material to ensure pipe integrity. MASC specialist to Survey and
- Ensure backfill materials do not contain pointed check permit Mines Bureau
broken stones since these might affect the from Geological
plastic pipe and cause breakage. Survey and
Mines Bureau
Pipe - The contractor shall ensure all water materials Contractor to MASC Construction Prior to start of Detailed design

42
Traffic management plan and road safety plan for roadside excavation for trenching along road edges should be prepared as suggested in the construction
manual” of the Road Development Authority, Ministry of Transport and Highways.
43
Manual on Traffic Control Devices, Second Edition, 2007 by Ministry of Highways and Road Development and Road Development Authority, regulations
published in the Sri Lanka Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No. 444/19 dated 13 March 1987 under Section 237 along with Section 164 of the Motor Traffic
Act is the basis for providing traffic control devices.
44

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
descaling from the descaling and relining activities are submit environment method civil works documents
and relining collected in a tanker and deposited in an area information to management statement
designated by NWSDB. MASC as part of specialist
- The contractor shall provide water supply to all compliance
affected persons during disruptions. report and
construction
method
statement
Road - Manual borings are recommended for road Contractor to MASC Construction Prior to start of Detailed design
crossings crossings in narrow streets to minimize traffic. submit environment method civil works documents
- Apply local technology, knowledge, and minor information to management statement
equipment such as augers, galvanized iron MASC specialist
pipes, and high-pressure water pumps to deliver
the water to the tip of the auger. This method
can easily make bores to be able to install 225-
mm diameter pipe.
- Use horizontal drilling machines after making
sure that no other utilities are in the way of
drilling equipment.
Workers - Employ workers with adequate experience, Contractor Contractor’s Workers list (for Prior to start of Detailed design
training, and know-how. It is always environmental internal civil works documents
advantageous for the contractor to employ supervisor monitoring)
workers with adequate experience, training, and
know-how in the line of work that they are doing.
These people are usually reliable and can be
counted upon to exercise good judgment in the
field.
Community - Careful planning and extensive coordination Contractor in PMU safeguards Communication Prior to start of No complaints
and public with various government agencies must be coordination officer and and participation civil works received
awareness established. with the MASC strategy
- Massive information campaign must precede nongovernment environment
any construction activity in order to make the organization (in management
public aware of the extent of the problem that tenement specialist and
might be present during the period of gardens) and resettlement
construction. The road closure, together with the media contractor specialist
proposed detour, needs to be communicated via
advertising, pamphlets, radio broadcasts, road
signage, etc.
- Open liaison channels shall be established
between NWSDB, the contractors, and
 45

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
interested and affected parties such that any
queries, complaints, or suggestions can be dealt
with quickly and by the appropriate persons.
Surveys - The following surveys must be completed prior Contractors PMU safeguards (i) Existing Prior to start of Detailed design
to start of construction: officer and service civil works and documents
(i) Existing service connection survey – This MASC connection as necessary
is a house-to-house survey of all existing houses environment survey
in the project area by the officers/engineers of management (ii) Road
NWSDB and the contractor. The objectives are specialist and surveys
to obtain present water supply service level, resettlement (iii) Land
collect details of the present customers, identify specialist surveys
new service provision requirements, and (iv) Initial status
communicate benefits of the project to the photography
customers. and video
(ii) Road surveys – This is to be carried out (v) Existing
collectively by the staff/engineers of NWSDB utilities survey
and the contractor. The objectives are to collect (tracing and/or
information on the width of roads, potential for excavation of
closure, traffic condition during daytime and trial pits)
nighttime, road width, surface condition, existing
structures along the roads, road users and their
usage pattern, parking areas, and open spaces.
(iii) Land surveys – This is to be carried out by
a licensed surveyor of the contractor. The
objective is to conduct control level survey,
control traverse survey, trace survey of
longitudinal section along pipeline, and detailed
road surveying and plotting.
(iv) Initial status photography and video –
This is to be carried out by the staff/engineers of
NWSDB and the contractor. The objectives are
to record all existing conditions of structures on
both sides of the roads, all buildings, towers,
boundary walls, fences, temporary structures,
and visible details of utilities on road surface.
Any damage that may happen to structures
during construction phase can be accurately
identified and compensated using this
information.
(v) Existing utilities survey (tracing and/or
46

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
excavation of trial pits) – This is to be carried
out by the contractor. Tracing of existing utilities
can be conducted using a magnetic-type pipe
and cable locator. Excavation of trial pits can be
used to obtain existing line details at connection
points and existing underground utility details.
The results of the trial pits shall be used to
decide the pipeline trace along the road. A trial
2
pit shall have an area of approximately 1 to 2 m
and depth of up to 2 m. As much as possible,
excavate trial pits during nighttime to avoid
disrupting traffic flow. The trial pits must be
backfilled and road conditions must be reinstated
the same night, up to before 5 a.m.
(vi) Resettlement inspection and/or survey –
Transect inspection walk to be done by MASC
resettlement specialist on all sections prior to
construction to determine if any resettlement is
needed
Survey to be done in the event temporary or
permanent impacts are anticipated as a result of
the construction in relevant sections
Compensation to be paid prior to displacement
Legislation, - In all instances, NWSDB, service providers, Contractor PMU safeguards All applicable Prior to award of Permit for
permits, and contractors, and consultants must remain in officer and permits and contract and as excavation,
agreements compliance with relevant local and national MASC approvals necessary permit from
legislation. environment Coast
- A copy of the IEE must be kept on-site and management Conservation
disclosed in NWSDB and ADB website specialist Department,
permit from
Geological
Survey and
Mines Bureau,
excavation
permit from the
Minister of
Cultural and
Religions
Affairs, written
consent from the
 47

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
Central
Environment
Authority, tree-
cutting permits,
permit for use of
non-
explosive/chemi
cal rock
breakers, etc.
(Excavation
permit to be
obtained from (i)
Department of
Archaeology for
excavation
works of more
than 500 m in
length; (ii) police
office; (iii) Road
Development
Authority (RDA)
for excavation of
roads belonging
to RDA; and (iv)
CMC for
excavation of
roads belonging
to CMC)
Access to - Access to site will be via existing roads. The Contractor MASC Traffic Prior to start of No complaints
site contractor will need to ascertain the existing environment management civil works received
condition of the roads and repair damage due to management plan
construction. specialist and Minimal traffic
- The Local Traffic Police Department shall be resettlement disturbance
involved in the planning stages of the road specialist
closure and detour, and shall be available on-
site for the monitoring of traffic in the early
stages of the operations during road closure.
- The Local Traffic Department must be informed
at least a week in advance if the traffic in the
area will be affected.
48

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
Setting up of - Choice of site for the contractor’s camp Contractor MASC Location plan Prior to start of Approved
construction requires the environment management environment civil works location plan
44
camp specialist’s permission and must take into management
account location of local residents, businesses specialist Construction
and existing land uses, including flood zones method
and slip/unstable zones. A site plan must be
submitted to the environment management No complaints
specialist for approval. received
- If the contractor chooses to locate the campsite
on private land, he must get prior permission
from both the environment management
specialist and the landowner.
- Under no circumstances may open areas or the
surrounding bushes be used as a toilet facility.
- Recycling and the provision of separate waste
receptacles for different types of waste shall be
encouraged.
- No trees, shrubs, or groundcover may be
removed or vegetation stripped without the prior
permission of the engineer.
Establishing - Storage areas shall be secured so as to Contractor MASC Location plan Approved
equipment minimize the risk of crime. They shall also be environment location plan
lay-down safe from access by children, animals, etc. management
and storage - The contractor shall submit a method specialist Construction
45
area statement and plans for the storage of method
hazardous materials (fuels, oils, and chemicals)
and emergency procedures. No complaints
received
Materials - The contractor shall prepare a source Contractor to MASC Lists of sources Prior to start of Standards
manage- statement indicating the sources of all materials submit sources environment civil works prescribed by
ment – (including topsoil, sands, natural gravels, of materials to management the Geological
46
sourcing crushed stone, asphalt, clay liners, etc.), and MASC specialist and Survey and
submit these to the environment management resettlement Mines Bureau
specialist for approval prior to commencement of specialist to
any work. check permit

44
Careful planning of the construction camp can ensure that time and costs associated with environmental management and rehabilitation are reduced.
45
Storage areas can be hazardous and unsightly and can cause environmental pollution if not designed and managed carefully.
46
Materials must be sourced in a legal and sustainable way to prevent offsite environmental degradation.
 49

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
- Where materials are mined, proof must be from Geological
provided of authorization to utilize these Survey and
materials from GSMB. Mines Bureau
Education of - Ensure that all site personnel have a basic Contractor PMU safeguards Records of Prior to start of Environmental
site staff on level of environmental awareness training. officer and training civil works and management
general and - Staff operating equipment (such as excavators, MASC every new plan (capacity
environ- loaders, etc.) shall be adequately trained and environment employee building)
mental sensitized to any potential hazards associated management
47
conduct with their task. specialist
- No operator shall be permitted to operate
critical items of mechanical equipment without
having been trained by the contractor.
- All employees must undergo safety training.
Construction phase
Trench width - During the preparation of the trenches, Contractor MASC Construction As work Construction
excavation allowance of 150 mm shall be made on each environment method progresses method
side of the pipe. management statement
- For 160 mm, the minimum trench excavation specialist Detailed design
width shall be 460 mm, and 525 mm for the 225- documents
mm diameter pipe.
- For the interconnections, a wider trench or “bell
holes” shall be required to be within the
minimum allowable size without sacrificing the
quality of work.
- For rock and concrete breaking, use non-
explosive blasting chemicals, silent rock cracking
chemicals, and concrete breaking chemicals.
- The excavated earth shall always be dumped
on the side opposite the carriageway as this will
not restrict the vehicular movement on the
carriageway and not create bottlenecks on the
roadway.
- In the event excavated trenches are to be kept
open overnight, lights, high visibility warning
48
signs, and barricades shall be provided.

47
These points need to be made clear to all staff on-site before the project begins.
48
Layout of traffic control devices, number of traffic signs, traffic cones, barricade boards, and lighting requirement should follow the Manual on Traffic Control
Devices, Second Edition, 2007 by Ministry of Highways and Road Development and Road Development Authority.
50

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
Hauling of - The contractor shall haul away all excavated Contractor MASC Construction As work Construction
excavated materials from the excavation site and deposited environment method progresses method
materials in an area designated by NWSDB. management statement
- The stockpile shall be processed where it is specialist Detailed design
deposited so that it can be brought back to the documents
trenches as selected filling material.
- Hauling vehicles must always be present at the
excavation site.
Closure of - Excavation, pipe-laying, installation of service Contractor MASC Construction As work Construction
areas connections, installation of valves and hydrants, environment method progresses method
interconnection with existing pipelines, hydro- management statement and
testing, backfilling, and pavement restoration specialist inventory Detailed design
shall be completed within 24 hours. documents
- The contractor must maintain all the materials
necessary in his inventory so that these can be Zero complaints
easily hauled to the construction site when from community
needed.
Reuse of - The contractor can process the excavated Contractor MASC Construction As work Construction
excavated materials at the disposal site and use these as environment method progresses method
materials selected backfill materials. management statement
specialist Detailed design
documents
Equipment - The contractor shall use small mechanical Contractor MASC Construction As work Construction
excavators in areas where there are few utilities environment method progresses method
buried under the ground as verified from the management statement
49
results of the GIS mapping. specialist Detailed design
- The excavator shall be immediately followed by documents
skilled workers who will trim and clean the
trenches to proper size and depth as required in
the plan. They shall see to it that the trenches
are ready for pipe installation as soon as they
move away from them.

Access - The contractor shall make available in his stock Contractor MASC Construction As work Construction
steel plates and wooden planks which will be environment method progresses method
deployed on top of trench excavation to provide management statement and
temporary access to building carport and specialist and inventory Detailed design

49
Included as Output 4 of the project.
 51

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
garages, street crossings, and other areas resettlement number of documents
where these will be necessary. specialist warning signs
- Advance road signage indicating the road and baricades Zero complaints
detour and alternative routes. Provide sign from community
boards for pedestrians to inform them of nature
and duration of construction works and contact
numbers for concerns/ complaints.
- Expedite works in front of businesses with
increased manpower to limit time of disruption.
Occupa- - Employ workers with adequate experience, Contractor MASC Occupational As work Construction
tional health training, and know-how. environment health and progresses method
and safety - These workers shall be led by an experienced management safety plan
supervisor or engineer, who will provide the specialist Detailed design
leadership in daily activities. Number of documents
- A general regard for the social and ecological accidents and
wellbeing of the site and adjacent areas is work-related Zero accident
expected of the site staff. Workers need to be injuries and work-related
made aware of the following general rules: (i) no injuries
alcohol/drugs on-site; (ii) prevent excessive Complaints from
noise; (iii) construction staff are to make use of community Zero complaints
the facilities provided for them, as opposed to ad from community
hoc alternatives (e.g. fires for cooking, the use of and workers
surrounding bushes as a toilet facility); (iv) no
fires permitted on-site except if needed for the
construction works; (v) trespassing on
private/commercial properties adjoining the site
is forbidden; (vi) other than pre-approved
security staff, no workers shall be permitted to
live on the construction site; and (vii) no worker
may be forced to do work that is potentially
dangerous or that he/she is not trained to do.
- The contractor must monitor the performance
of construction workers to ensure that the points
relayed during their induction have been properly
understood and are being followed. If necessary,
the EE and/or a translator shall be called to the
site to further explain aspects of environmental
or social behavior that are unclear.
- The rules that are explained in the worker
conduct section must be followed at all times.
52

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
Community - Storage facilities and other temporary Contractor in MASC Complaints from As work Zero complaints
and public structures on-site shall be located, such that they coordination environment community progresses from community
awareness have as little visual impact on local residents as with the NGO (in management and workers
possible. tenement specialist and Activities based
- Special attention shall be given to the garden) and resettlement on the
screening of highly reflective materials on-site. media contractor specialist communication
- In areas where the visual environment is and participation
particularly important (e.g. along commercial/ strategy
tourism routes) or privacy concerns for
surrounding buildings exist, the site may require
screening. This could be in the form of shade
cloth, temporary walls, or other suitable
materials prior to the beginning of construction.
Construction - The contractor is to ensure that open areas or Contractor MASC Approved Monthly Approved
camps and the surrounding bushes are not being used as environment location plan location plan
storage toilet facility. management
areas - The contractor shall ensure that all litter is specialist Complaints from Zero complaints
collected from the work and camp areas daily. community from community
- Bins and/or skips shall be emptied regularly and workers
and waste shall be disposed of at the pre-
approved site. Waybills for all such disposals are
to be kept by the contractor for review by the
environment management specialist.
- The contractor shall ensure the material safety
data sheets of chemicals are posted in
conspicuous areas.
- The contractor shall ensure that his camp and
working areas are kept clean and tidy at all
times.
Dust and air - Vehicles travelling to and from the construction Contractor MASC Vehicle As work No visible
pollution site must adhere to speed limits so as to avoid environment emission testing progresses increase in dust
producing excessive dust. management records and particulate
- Access and other cleared surfaces, including specialist matters
backfilled trenches, must be dampened Complaints from
whenever possible and especially in dry and community Zero complaints
windy conditions to avoid excessive dust. from community
- Vehicles and machinery are to be kept in good
working order and to meet manufacturer’s
specifications for safety, fuel consumption, etc.
- The contractor is to have the equipment seen
 53

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
to as soon as possible should excessive
emissions be observed.
Water - Every effort shall be made to ensure that any Contractor MASC Complaints from As work No visible
50
quality chemicals or hazardous substances do not environment community progresses increase in
contaminate the soil or water on site. management water pollution
- Care must be taken to ensure that runoff from specialist Waste disposal due to the
vehicle or plant washing does not enter the manifest/record project
surface/ground water.
- Site staff shall not be permitted to use any Zero complaints
stream, river, other open water body, or natural from community
water source adjacent to or within the
designated site for the purposes of bathing,
washing of clothing, or for any construction or
related activities. Municipal water (or another
source approved by the environment
management specialist) shall instead be used for
all activities such as washing of equipment or
disposal of any type of waste, dust suppression,
concrete mixing, compacting etc.
- All concrete mixing must take place on a
designated, impermeable surface.
- No vehicles transporting concrete to the site
may be washed on-site.
- No vehicles transporting, placing, or
compacting asphalt or any other bituminous
product may be washed on site.
- All substances required for vehicle
maintenance and repair must be stored in sealed
containers until they can be disposed of/
removed from the site.
- Hazardous substances/materials are to be
transported in sealed containers or bags.
Noise levels - Noise-generating equipment must be fitted with Contractor MASC Complaints form As work National
silencers. As much as possible, use noise environment community progresses Environmental
buffering equipment. management (Noise Control)
- Maximum permissible noise levels in silent specialist Noise level Regulations No.

50
Water quality is affected by the incorrect handling of substances and materials. Soil erosion and sediment are also detrimental to water quality. Mismanagement
of polluted runoff from vehicle and plant washing and wind dispersal of dry materials into rivers and watercourses are detrimental to water quality.
54

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
51 52
zones must be less than or equal to 50 Leq T monitoring 1, 1996
during daytime and 45 Leq T during nighttime. record
- Maximum permissible noise levels for
construction activities must be less than or equal
to 75 Leq T during daytime and 50 Leq T during
nighttime.
- For noise sensitive areas (silent zones) in
which background noise level exceeds or is
marginal to the given level, there must be no
increase of +3 dB(A) from the measured
background level.
- For mixed residential or commercial areas in
which the background noise level exceeds or is
marginal to the given level, there must be no
increase of +5 dB(A) from the measured
background level during daytime and +3 dB(A)
from the measured background level during
nighttime.
- If a worker is exposed to noise above a noise
exposure limit, the contractor must investigate
options for engineered noise control such as
using low-noise excavators, jackhammers, drills,
and power generators.
- If it is not practicable to reduce noise levels to
or below noise exposure limits, the contractor
must post warning signs in the noise hazard
areas. Workers in a posted noise hazard area
must wear hearing protection.
- Use non-explosive blasting chemicals, silent
rock cracking chemicals, and concrete breaking
chemicals.
Utilities - Obtain the list of affected utilities and operators Contractor MASC Number of As work No disrupted
from MASC and confirm during existing utilities environment affected utilities progresses service
survey, management
- Prepare a contingency plan to include actions specialist Length of time to Before 5 a.m. or

51
National Environmental (Noise Control) Regulations No. 1, 1996 defines a silent zone as area covered by a distance of 100 m from the boundary of a
courthouse, hospital, public library, school, zoo, sacred area, and areas set apart for recreation or environmental purposes.
52
Leq T means the equivalent continuous, A-weighted sound pressure determined over a time interval T (in decibels).
 55

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
to be done in case of unintentional interruption of restore completion of
services. disrupted works
- Water supply must be provided to affected services
people if disruption will be more than 24 hours.
Waste - Wastes must be placed in the designated Contractor MASC Complaints from As work No dumped
manage- skips/bins which must be regularly emptied. environment community progresses wastes and litter
ment These shall remain within demarcated areas and management at work sites at
shall be designed to prevent wastes from being specialist Waste disposal all times
blown out by wind. manifest/record
- Littering on-site is forbidden, and the site shall Zero complaints
be cleared of litter at the end of each working from community
day/night period.
- Recycling is to be encouraged by providing
separate receptacles for different types of
wastes, and making sure that staff is aware of
their uses.
- All waste must be removed from the site and
transported to a disposal site or as directed by
the environment management specialist.
Waybills proving disposal at each site shall be
provided for the environment management
specialist’s inspection.
- Construction rubble shall be disposed of in pre-
agreed, demarcated spoil dumps that have been
approved by the environment management
specialist, or at disposal sites.
Conserva- - As the work front progresses, the contractor is Contractor MASC Permit for tree- As required Only allowed
tion of to check that vegetation clearing has the prior environment cutting trees to be
natural permission of the environment management management cleared
environment specialist. specialist
- Only trees that have been marked beforehand
are to be removed, if cutting of trees is required.
Community - Contractor’s activities and movement of staff to Contractor MASC Complaints from As work Zero compliant
health and be restricted to designated construction areas environment community progresses from community
safety - Should the construction staff be approached by management
members of the public or other stakeholders, the specialist Notification to
staff shall assist them in locating the affected persons
environment management specialist or 1 week and 24
contractor, or provide a number by which they hours prior to
may contact the environment management start of
56

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
specialist or contractor. excavation
- The conduct of the construction staff when
dealing with the public or other stakeholders
shall be in a manner that is polite and courteous
at all times. Failure to adhere to this requirement
may result in the removal of staff from the site by
the environment management specialist.
- Disruption of access for local residents,
commercial establishments, institutions, etc.
must be minimized and must have the
environment management specialist’s
permission.
- Provide walkways and metal sheets where
required to maintain access for people and
vehicles.
- Consult businesses and institutions regarding
operating hours, and factor this in work
schedules.
- The contractor is to inform neighbors in writing
of disruptive activities at least 24 hours
beforehand. This can take place by way of
leaflets placed in the postboxes giving the
environment management specialist’s and
contractor’s details or other method approved by
the environment management specialist. Provide
signboards for pedestrians to inform them of
nature and duration of construction works and
contact numbers for concerns/complaints.
- The contractor will ensure that there is
provision of alternate access to business
establishments during the construction so that
there is no closure of these shops or any loss of
clientele.
- The contractor will ensure that any damage to
properties and utilities will be restored or
compensated to pre-work conditions.
- Lighting on the construction site shall be
pointed downwards and away from oncoming
traffic and nearby houses.
- The site must be kept clean to minimize the
 57

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
visual impact of the site.
- If screening is being used, this must be moved
and re-erected as the work front progresses.
- Machinery and vehicles are to be kept in good
working order for the duration of the project to
minimize noise nuisance to neighbors.
- Notice of particularly noisy activities must be
given to residents/businesses adjacent to the
construction site. Examples of these include
noise generated by jackhammers, diesel
generator sets, excavators, etc.
- Noisy activities must be restricted to the times
given in the project specification or general
conditions of contract.
- The environment management specialist and
contractor are responsible for ongoing
communication with those people interested in/
affected by the project.
- Contact information of PMU, MASC, and
contractor shall be posted visibly at each
construction site.
- A complaints register (refer to the grievance
redressal mechanism) shall be housed at the
site office. This shall be in carbon copy format,
with numbered pages. Any missing pages must
be accounted for by the contractor. This
summary of the register shall be included in the
monthly report to be submitted by the contractor
to MASC.
- Interested and affected parties’ need to be
made aware of the existence of the complaints
book and the methods of communication
available to them.
- The contractor must address queries and
complaints by: (i) documenting details of such
communications; (ii) submitting these for
inclusion in complaints register; (iii) bringing
issues to environment management specialist’s
attention immediately; and (iv) taking remedial
action as per environment management
58

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
specialist’s instruction.
- The contractor shall immediately take the
necessary remedial action on any
complaint/grievance received by him and
forward the details of the grievance, along with
the action taken, to the environment
management specialist within 48 hours of receipt
of such complaint/grievance.
Cultural and - All the staff and laborers of the contractor be Contractor MASC Chance finds As necessary All chance finds
historical informed about the possible items of historical or environment shall be reported
environment archaeological value, which include old stone management and turned over
foundations, tools, clayware, jewelry, remains, specialist to the
fossils, etc. Department of
- If something of this nature is uncovered, the Archaeology.
Department of Archaeology shall be contacted
and work shall be stopped immediately.
Safeguards - The contractor shall appoint one environment Contractor MASC Hiring and As work Continuous work
supervisors safeguard supervisor and one resettlement environment actual work progresses output and
supervisor who will be responsible for assisting management reporting
contractors in implementation of EMP, specialist and records
coordinating with the MASC environment resettlement
management specialist and resettlement specialist
specialist, community liaison, consultations with
interested/affected parties, reporting, and
grievance redressal on a day-to-day basis.
Post-construction phase (prior to turnover to NWSDB)
Access - All excavated roads shall be reinstated to Contractor MASC Road conditions Prior to turn- Pre-existing
original or better condition. environment over conditions
management
specialist
Utilities and - All disrupted utilities restored Contractor MASC All affected Immediately All disrupted
other - All affected structures environment utilities after civil works services
existing rehabilitated/compensated management restored
infrastruc- specialist
ture
Construction - After construction work, all structures Contractor MASC General Prior to end of Pre-existing
camps and comprising the construction camp are to be environment condition of the construction condition
storage removed from site or handed over to the management areas period/demobiliz
areas property owner/community as per mutual specialist ation
agreement (if established on private/community
 59

Table 14: Environmental Mitigation Measures Action Plan

Responsible
Responsible Parameter to Frequency of Guidelines/
Parameter Mitigation Measures for
for Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Standards
Implementation
land).
- The area that previously housed the
construction camp is to be checked for spills of
substances such as oil, paint, etc. and these
shall be cleaned up.
- All hardened surfaces within the construction
camp area shall be ripped, all imported materials
removed, and the area shall be topsoiled and
regrassed using the guidelines set out in the
revegetation specification that forms part of this
document.
- The contractor must arrange the cancellation of
all temporary services.
Waste - All wastes shall be removed from the site and Contractor MASC General Prior to end of Pre-existing
manage- transported to a disposal site or as directed by environment condition of the construction condition
ment the environment management specialist. management areas period/
Waybills proving disposal at each site shall be specialist demobilization
provided for the environment management
specialist’s inspection.
Operation and maintenance phase
Detection - Leak repair work will be similar to the pipe- NWSDB NWSDB Number of As part of Standards set
and repair of laying work as earlier explained. Trenches will reported leaks operations and by NWSDB
leaks and be dug to reveal the leaking area and the faulty and replacement maintenance of
pipe bursts connection will be refitted, or the pipe will be NRW the improved
removed and replaced if necessary. system
- Although impact is likely to be minimal due to
new and well-designed, efficient system, it must
be ensured that leak detection and restoration
time is minimized to the extent possible.
60

D. Re p o rtin g

124. The MASC will submit monthly monitoring reports to PMU, and the PMU will send
semiannual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on
its website. The format of the monthly report is given in Appendix 6.

E. En viro n m e n ta l Co s ts

125. The contractor’s cost for site establishment, preliminary activities, construction, defect
liability activities, and environmental mitigation measures related to EMP implementation during
planning, design, and construction will be incorporated into the contractual agreements and
engineers costs, which will be binding on him for implementation. The survey will be conducted
by the contractor.

126. The operation phase mitigation measures are again of good operating practices, which
will be the responsibility of the implementing agency (NWSDB). All monitoring during the
operation and maintenance phase will be conducted by NWSDB; therefore, there are no
additional costs.

127. The activities identified in the EMP mainly include site inspections and informal
discussions with workers and local community, and this will be the responsibility of PMU with
the assistance of MASC, costs of which are part of project management.

128. Table 15 presents the estimated cost to implement the EMP.

 61

Table 15: Indicative Cost for EMP Implementation

Cost per Unit Cost
Component Description Number Source of Funds
(USD) (USD)
Legislation, permits, and Permit for excavation, permit from As required Not Applicable Not Applicable These consents are to
agreements Coast Conservation Department, permit be obtained by
from Geological Survey and Mines contractor at his own
Bureau, excavation permit from the expense.
Minister of Cultural and Religions
Affairs, written consent from the Central
Environment Authority, tree-cutting
permits, permit for use of non-
explosive/chemical blasting for rock
breaking (excavation permit to be
obtained from (i) Department of
Archaeologyfor excavation works of
more than 500 m in length; (ii) police
office; (iii) Road Development Authority
(RDA) for excavation of roads belonging
to RDA; and (iv) CMC for excavation of
roads belonging to CMC)
Public consultations and Information disclosure and As per requirement Lump sum $150,000 Covered under MASC
information disclosure consultations during preconstruction contract, NGO, and
and construction phase, including public media packages
awareness campaign through media
Capacity building (i) Orientation workshop for the MWSD Three modules, 1 $500 per module $3,000 Covered under MASC
and NWSDB officials involved in the day per module per tranche contract
project implementation on ADB
Safeguards Policy Statement, Sri
Lankan Environmental Laws and
Regulations, and environmental
assessment process; (ii) induction
course for the training of contractors,
preparing them on EMP implementation
and environmental monitoring
requirements related to mitigation
measures; and taking immediate
actions to remedy unexpected adverse
impacts or ineffective mitigation
measures found during the course of
implementation; and (iii) Lessons
learned information sharing
Providing access to Providing access, in case of access As per requirement Contractor’s Not applicable Covered under
commercial establishments disruptions, to affected properties liability engineering design
and properties and cost – contractor
62

Cost per Unit Cost

Component Description Number Source of Funds
(USD) (USD)
Dust suppression at work Application of dust suppression As required Contractor’s $5,000 Covered under
sites measures during construction phase liability engineering design
and cost – contractor
Traffic management Safety signboards, delineators, traffic Wherever required Contractor’s Not applicable Covered under
regulation equipments, flagmen, throughout the liability engineering design
temporary diversions, etc. project corridor and cost – contractor
Baseline monitoring for Once before start of construction works Two samples $100 per sample $200 for each Covered under
noise at specified corridor per work day (daytime and work area per engineering design
nighttime) per work start of excavation and cost – contractor
day

Construction monitoring for Ongoing at two locations near pipe Portable noise Contractor’s Not applicable Covered under
noise replacement corridors meters liability engineering design
and cost – contractor
Surveys Ongoing before start of construction Lump sum Contractor’s $5,000 Covered under
work along pipe replacement corridors liability engineering design
and cost – contractor
Any unanticipated impact Mitigation of any unanticipated impact Lump sum Contractor’s As per insurance Covered under
due to project arising during construction phase and liability requirement engineering design
implementation defect liability period and cost – contractor’s
insurance
 63

IX. CONCLUS ION AND RECOMMENDATION

129. The process described in this document has assessed the environmental impacts of all
elements of the project in Colombo City. All potential impacts were identified in relation to pre-
construction, construction, and operation phases.

130. Planning principles and design considerations have been reviewed and incorporated into
the site planning process whenever possible; thus, environmental impacts as being due to the
project design or location were not significant. However, social impacts due to construction
activities are unavoidable, as the residential and commercial establishments exist along the
project corridor. A resettlement plan has been developed in accordance with ADB SPS 2009
and Sri Lankan laws and regulations.

131. Anticipated impacts during the construction period include (i) temporary disruption of
services during realignment of existing utilities along the corridor; (ii) temporary closure of roads
for laying of pipelines; (iii) interference with accesses to properties and businesses due to
construction works; (iv) risk of accidents associated with vehicular traffic and transport of
materials; (v) increased volume of construction vehicles on the roads that may lead to increased
wear and tear of roads in the vicinity of the project sites; and (vi) exposure to increased noise,
dust, vibrations, hazardous chemicals (oils and lubricants), and waste materials. The EMP will
assist the PMU, MASC, and contractors in mitigating the environmental impacts, and guide
them in the environmentally sound execution of the proposed project. The EMP will also ensure
efficient lines of communication between the implementing agency, project management unit,
and contractors.

132. Anticipated impacts during operation and maintenance will be related to detection and
repair of leaks and pipe bursts. These are, however, likely to be minimal, as proper design and
selection of good quality pipe material shall mean that leaks are minimal. Leak repair work will
be similar to the pipe-laying work.

133. The public participation processes undertaken during project design ensured
stakeholders are engaged during the preparation of the IEE. The planned information disclosure
measures and process for carrying out consultation with affected people will facilitate their
participation during project implementation.

134. The project’s grievance redressal mechanism will provide the citizens with a platform for
redressal of their grievances, and describes the informal and formal channels, time frame, and
mechanisms for resolving complaints about environmental performance.

135. A copy of the EMP shall be kept on-site during the construction period at all times. The
EMP shall be made binding on all contractors operating on the site, and will be included in the
contractual clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this
document shall constitute a failure in compliance.

136. The project will benefit the general public by contributing to the long-term improvement
of water supply system and community livability in Colombo City. The potential adverse
environmental impacts are mainly related to the construction period, which can be minimized by
the mitigating measures and environmentally sound engineering and construction practices.

137. Therefore the proposed project is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The
potential impacts that are associated with design, construction and operation can be mitigated
64

to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or
application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the
IEE, there are no significant impacts and the classification of the subproject as Category “B” is
confirmed. No further special study or detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to
be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS, 2009 or Sri Lankan EIA National Environmental Act
and its amendments.

APPENDIX 1: ADB REA CHECKLIST
Screening Questions
A. Project siting
Is the project area…
• Densely populated?
• Heavy with development activities?
Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive
areas?
• Cultural heritage site
• Protected area
• Wetland
• Mangrove
• Estuarine
• Buffer zone of protected area
• Special area for protecting biodiversity
• Bay
B. Potential environmental impacts
Will the project cause…
• Pollution of raw water supply from upstream
wastewater discharge from communities, industries,
agriculture, and soil erosion runoff?
• Impairment of historical/cultural
monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?
• Hazard of land subsidence caused by
excessive groundwater pumping?
• Social conflicts arising from displacement of
communities?
• Conflicts in abstraction of raw water for
water supply with other beneficial water uses for
surface and ground waters?
• Unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g.,
excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)?
• Delivery of unsafe water to distribution
system?
• Inadequate protection of intake works or
wells, leading to pollution of water supply?
• Overpumping of groundwater, leading to
salinization and ground subsidence?
• Excessive algal growth in storage reservoir?
• Increase in production of sewage beyond
capabilities of community facilities?
Appendix 1 65
Yes No Remarks
 The population distribution shows that the
project area is densely populated.

Ambatale project components are not within
or near sensitive/valuable ecosystems.








 The existing water supply source is the
Kelani river intake. Water produced at
Amabatale water treatment plant is sent
through a network of pipes and storage
facilities. The existing environmental
condition of the water sources is good. Soil
erosion runoff draining towards the water
source is insignificant.
 Not applicable
 Not applicable
 No displacement of communities is required
in this project.
 Water quantity is sufficient and there is no
additional abstraction.
 Raw water is being treated prior to
distribution. Water quality of treated water
complies with the Sri Lankan standards for
drinking water.
 The project will provide treated water
through new pipes to prevent leakages and
contamination.
 The intake is secured and accessible only to
authorized persons. It is regularly monitored
by NWSDB to ensure only treated and
unpolluted water are distributed.
 Not applicable
 Not anticipated. The storage reservoirs are
fully enclosed structures. In addition, treated
water will only be stored for a short period of
time.
 Sewerage system improvements are being
undertaken by Colombo Municipal Council
(CMC). Projects 3 and 4 of the investment
program include wastewater management
improvement components.
66 Appendix 1
Screening Questions
• Inadequate disposal of sludge from water
treatment plants?
• Inadequate buffer zone around pumping
and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other
possible nuisances and protect facilities?
• Impairments associated with transmission
lines and access roads?
• Health hazards arising from inadequate
design of facilities for receiving, storing, and
handling chlorine and other hazardous chemicals?
• Health and safety hazards to workers from
handling and management of chlorine used for
disinfection, other contaminants, and biological and
physical hazards during project construction and
operation?
• Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of
people?
• Disproportionate impacts on the poor,
women and children, indigenous peoples, or other
vulnerable groups?
• Noise and dust from construction activities?
• Increased road traffic due to interference of
construction activities?
• Continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from
construction operations?
• Delivery of unsafe water due to poor O and
M treatment processes (especially mud
accumulations in filters) and inadequate chlorination
due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine
residuals in distribution systems?
• Delivery of water to distribution system,
which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to
feeding of corrective chemicals?
• Accidental leakage of chlorine gas?
• Excessive abstraction of water affecting
downstream water users?
• Competing uses of water?
• Increased sewage flow due to increased
water supply?
• Increased volume of sullage (wastewater
from cooking and washing) and sludge from
wastewater treatment plant?
• Large population influx during project
construction and operation that causes increased
burden on social infrastructure and services (such
as water supply and sanitation systems)?
Yes No Remarks
 Not applicable
 Not applicable
 Anticipated during construction activities.
However, impacts are temporary and short
in duration. The EMP includes measures to
mitigate the impacts.
 Not applicable
 Personal protective equipment will be
provided to workers. Regular training will
also be conducted to ensure that workers
are aware of the health hazards of working
in excavation and construction sites.
 No displacement of communities is required
in this project.
 Not applicable
 Anticipated during construction activities.
However, impacts are temporary and short
in duration. The EMP includes measures to
mitigate the impacts.
 Anticipated during construction activities.
However, impacts are temporary and short
in duration. The EMP ensures measures are
included to mitigate the impacts.
Construction contractors will be required to
coordinate with the local traffic police.
 Not anticipated, as topography of Colombo
is plain. However, the EMP still includes
measures to mitigate the impacts.
Construction contractors will be required to
include channelization where required.
 Not anticipated
 Not anticipated. Water quality is being
regularly monitored by NWSDB.
 Not anticipated
 Not anticipated. Water quantity is sufficient
and there is no additional abstraction.
 Not anticipated
 Sewerage system improvement will be
undertaken by CMC.
 Sewerage system improvement will be
undertaken by CMC.
 Improved water supply management
systems through capacity building and
institutional development will ensure
reduced burden on services and
infrastructure.

Screening Questions
• Social conflicts if workers from other regions
or countries are hired?
• Risks to community health and safety due
to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of
materials such as explosives, fuel, and other
chemicals during operation and construction?
• Community safety risks due to both
accidental and natural hazards, especially where
the structural elements or components of the project
are accessible to members of the affected
community, or where their failure could result in
injury to the community throughout project
construction, operation, and decommissioning?
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions
The following questions are not for environmental
categorization. They are included in this checklist to
help identify potential climate and disaster risks.
• Is the project area subject to hazards such as
earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone
winds, storm surges, tsunami, volcanic eruptions,
and climate changes (see Appendix I)?
• Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or
extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan
affect technical or financial sustainability (e.g.,
increased extreme rainfall increases flooding,
damaging proposed infrastructure)?
• Are there any demographic or socio-economic
aspects of the Project area that are already
vulnerable (e.g., high incidence of marginalized
populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal
settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?
• Could the Project potentially increase the climate
or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area
(e.g., by paving vulnerable groundwater recharge
areas, or using water from a vulnerable source that
is relied upon by many user groups, or encouraging
settlement in earthquake zones)?
Appendix 1 67
Yes No Remarks
 Priority in employment will be given to local
residents.
 Not applicable. Trenching will be done
manually. Construction will not involve use
of explosives. For rock and concrete
breaking, contractors will be required to use
non-explosive blasting chemicals, silent
rock cracking chemicals, and concrete
breaking chemicals. These products come
in powder form, and once mixed with water
(being the catalyst), simply expand and
crack the rock/concrete from hole to hole.
Chemical material safety data sheets will be
posted in conspicuous areas. The EMP
ensures measures are included for the
storage areas.
 Operational area will be clearly demarcated
and access will be controlled. Only workers
and project concerned members will be
allowed to visit the operational sites.
Yes No Remarks
 Environmental factors like lithology, regolithic
characteristics have very limited or no influence
on the foundation, which are already found to be
suitable, and the area is free from landslide
problems. Any proposed facility will require
compliance with government rules for seismic
design.

 Proposed project will not impact any marginalized
population, rural-urban migrants, illegal
settlement, etc.

68 Appendix 2

APPENDIX 2: Map Showing Water Supply Projects 1 and 2

Note: Tranche 1 = Project 1; Tranche 2 = Project 2; total length of pipes for rehabilitation and replacement
under Project 1 is 318 km of seriously degraded distribution network pipes, including 279 km of cast iron
pipes below 225 mm diameter and 39 km of spaghetti pipes in tenement gardens.
 Appendix 3 69

APPENDIX 3: RECORDS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

No. of Specific
Participants Overall Concerns Of
Concerns People Who Suggestions Willingness to
Key Safeguard
GN Division Date Venue Expressed are Presently from People for Participate in
Issues Discussed
M F T Related to the Dependent on the Project Project
Project Non-NWSDB
Sources
1 Represented 20.Jan.2013 Sariputta 6 4 10 There will be no All the All the It is required a Participation in
several GNDs Viharaya, impact on participants had participants proper terms of labour
in Elvitigala Narahenpita community life. If the idea that were depended coordination is quite tricky
Flats and there are minor this project as a on the NWSDB between the but people will
Narahenpita temporary impacts, time need and water sources contactors and help in the
people are ready no objections the authorities community
to bear these for the project who belongs awareness
impacts. activities. the road, to activities
immediate and
There is no Some people proper damage
Resettlement and asked whether recovery.
land acquisition the water bill Otherwise the
due to this project. rates increases road system will
due to this damage
Obstruction of project and they severely due to
drainages and realized that the this project.
culvers might be water bill is not
occurred during increase due to Placing of
the project this project alternative
activities and other than water sources
proper mechanism government’s for emergency
for diverting the regular use (i.e: water
drainage water is increment of the bourses).
helpful. water charges.
Immediate
Since this area is damage
centrally located recovery for the
traffic impact due roads and
to the construction monitoring the
activities might be damage
severe than other recovery
areas, hence traffic process.
management plan
at the construction
period is required.
70 Appendix 3

No. of Specific
Participants Overall Concerns Of
Concerns People Who Suggestions Willingness to
Key Safeguard
GN Division Date Venue Expressed are Presently from People for Participate in
Issues Discussed
M F T Related to the Dependent on the Project Project
Project Non-NWSDB
Sources

All the meters and

water supply
systems should be
rechecked for the
leakages.
2 Wellawatta 19.Jan.2013 In front of the 3 9 12 There will be The The The Some of the
South a house in impact on respondents participants respondents respondents
Rajaguru Sri community life realized that this were willing to sought a soft willing to
Subhuthi during the project project is a time have exclusive mechanism to participate as
Road implementation need. water supply have water daily paid
since this connection to supply workers at the
community is living their houses connection for project
much closer to the and the the houses that construction
road. problems are are period.
(unauthorized their houses unauthorized.
dwellings) are
unauthorized
There are about 65 and they
unauthorized cannot afford
houses and they for a large sum
only have four of money to
toilets and 4 pay initial
common water instalment at
posts. Hence they once.
required a
alternative water
supply during the
project
construction works
since they do not
have water storing
facilities at their
premises.

Damaged roads
should be repaired
by NWSDB or
 Appendix 3 71

No. of Specific
Participants Overall Concerns Of
Concerns People Who Suggestions Willingness to
Key Safeguard
GN Division Date Venue Expressed are Presently from People for Participate in
Issues Discussed
M F T Related to the Dependent on the Project Project
Project Non-NWSDB
Sources
CMC. If a property
damages due to
the construction
work that should
be replaced with
original manner.

All the meters and

water supply
systems should be
rechecked for the
leakages.

A proper
constriction
mechanism should
be employ in order
to have a efficient
damage recovery
to the roads which
have recently
constructed with a
heavy investment
by the government.
3 Sarana 19.Jan.2013 At a 4 2 6 Damaged roads All the All the The Respondents
Mawatha, Participant’s should be repaired percipients participants respondents are willing to
Colobo 07 house, by NWSDB or agreed for the were depended have the participate for
Colombo 07 CMC. If a property project but they on the NWSDB concern about the project by
damages due to asked to carry water sources save the information
the construction out project drinkable water dissemination.
work that should activities with by having
be replaced with minimum industrial water
original manner. disturbance to supply for other
the community uses such as
All the meters and life. bathing and
water supply gardening.
systems should be No critical
rechecked for the issues
72 Appendix 3

No. of Specific
Participants Overall Concerns Of
Concerns People Who Suggestions Willingness to
Key Safeguard
GN Division Date Venue Expressed are Presently from People for Participate in
Issues Discussed
M F T Related to the Dependent on the Project Project
Project Non-NWSDB
Sources
leakages. regarding the
project were
A proper expressed.
constriction
mechanism should
be employ in order
to have a efficient
damage recovery
to the roads which
have recently
constructed with a
heavy investment
by the government.
4 Kirulapone 20.Jan.2013 At a 2 6 8 Other than No objection for All the Carry out major Respondents
Participant’s replacement of the project participants construction are willing to
house, existing steel pipe activities but the were depended works in night participate for
Colombo 05 network, other laid participants on the NWSDB time. the project by
pipes also required sought a water sources information
recheck for minimum dissemination
potential leakages. disturbance for with the local
the traffic and community.
A proper social life and
replacement of properties.
newly constructed
road is a prime
requirement along
with the project
activities.
5 Bambalapitiya 19.Jan.2013 Bambalapitiya 2 4 6 There will be At this moment The The There are
impact on day most of the participants respondents people who
today activities people don’t were willing to sought a soft willing to
during the project realize the have exclusive mechanism to participate as
implementation as necessity of this water supply have water daily paid
the community is project as most connection to supply workers at the
living closer to the of the people their houses connection to project
road network. not and they the houses. construction
(Flats type houses) experiencing cannot afford period.
 Appendix 3 73

No. of Specific
Participants Overall Concerns Of
Concerns People Who Suggestions Willingness to
Key Safeguard
GN Division Date Venue Expressed are Presently from People for Participate in
Issues Discussed
M F T Related to the Dependent on the Project Project
Project Non-NWSDB
Sources
the problems for a large sum
There are about related to water of money to
500 houses supply and the pay initial
belongs to this quality aspects. instalment at
GND and more But, people are once.
than 99% people really keen if
have got toilet and they can get a
other sanitation good/efficient
facilities. There are supply of water.
few common stand
posts with meters It was a great
and few common concern
toilets. Hence they whether the
required an water bill will be
alternative water increased due
supply during the to project
project intervention.
construction works
since they do not
have water storing
facilities at their
premises.
Note: M = number of male participants; F = number of female participants; T = total number of participants
74 Appendix 3

ATTENDENCE SHEETS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS-COLOMBO

Appendix 3 75
76 Appendix 3
Appendix 3 77
78 Appendix 3
 Appendix 4 79

APPENDIX 4: SAMPLE GRIEVANCE REDRESS FORM

(To be made available in Sinhala, Tamil, and English)

The _____________________________________Project welcomes complaints, suggestions,

queries, and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with
grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for
clarification and feedback.
Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain
confidential, please inform us by writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank
you.

Date Place of Registration

Contact Information/Personal Details

Name Gender * Male Age
* Female
Home Address
Place
Phone no.
E-mail
Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where, and how) of your
grievance below:

If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here:

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Registered by: (Name of Official registering grievance)

Mode of communication:
Note/Letter
E-mail
Verbal/Telephonic
Reviewed by: (Names/Positions of Officials Reviewing Grievance)

Action Taken:

Whether Action Taken Disclosed: Yes

No
Means of Disclosure:
80 Appendix 5

APPENDIX 5: OUTLINE TOR FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SPECIALIST (MASC)

The MASC environment management specialist will:

(i) organize an orientation workshop for the MWSD and NWSDB officials involved in
the project implementation on ADB Safeguards Policy Statement, Sri Lankan
environmental laws and regulations, and environmental assessment process;

(ii) organize an induction course for the training of contractors, preparing them on
EMP implementation, environmental monitoring requirements related to mitigation
measures, and taking immediate action to remedy unexpected adverse impacts or
ineffective mitigation measures found during the course of implementation;

(iii) ensure design and location of works are selected according to the environmental
criteria for project selection;

(iv) conduct rapid environmental assessment as per ADB REA checklist and submit
to PMU;

(v) conduct environmental compliance audit of existing facilities as per Item F,

Appendix 4 of ADB SPS, 2009;

(vi) prepare project IEEs and EMPs;

(vii) update the initial environmental examination (IEE) and environmental

management plan (EMP) during detailed design stage;

(viii) Include the EMP in bidding documents and civil works contracts;

(ix) comply with all government rules and regulations regarding site and
environmental clearances as well as any other environmental requirements (e.g., permit
from Coast Conservation Department, permit from Geological Survey and Mines Bureau,
excavation permit from Department of Archaeology, written consent from the Central
Environment Authority, tree-cutting permits, use of non-explosive/chemical blasting
agents for rock breaking, etc.), as relevant;

(x) oversee implementation of the EMP during construction, including environmental,

health and safety monitoring of contractors;

(xi) coordinate with the MASC resettlement specialist, NGO, and media contractors
on mitigation measures involving the community and affected persons;

(xii) take corrective actions when necessary to ensure no environmental impacts;

(xiii) review compliance reports by contractors and submit monthly environmental

monitoring reports to the PMU; and

(xiv) address any grievances through the grievance redress mechanism in a timely
manner as per the IEEs.
 Appendix 6 81

APPENDIX 6: SUGGESTED OUTLINE FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT

A. Component and Status of Implementation

Package Physical Completion (%) Date of Award Expected Date of Completion

B. Environmental Permits and Status of Compliance/Approvals

Conditions Provided in
Particulars Date Obtained Compliance/Remarks
the Permit

C. Field Visits, Ocular Inspections, and Trainings Conducted

Date Site Visited Persons Met Remarks
Field Visits/
Ocular
Inspections

Date Location Nature of Training Participants

Training

D. Environmental Management Plan Implementation

Compliance Particulars of Non- Actions
Particulars
(Yes/No) Compliance Required
Prior to commencement of civil works
(mitigation measure 1)
(mitigation measure 2)
(mitigation measure …)

Construction phase
(mitigation measure 1)
(mitigation measure 2)
(mitigation measure …)

Occupational health and safety

Social impacts
Others

E. Grievance Redressal
Date of Grievance Details Nature of Grievance Action taken
82 Appendix 6

F. Criticial Issues for Immediate Action and Recommendations

Issues/Deviations for Immediate Action Corrective Actions to be taken

G. Status of Corrective Actions for Past Criticial Issues

Issues/Deviations Reported for
Corrective Actions Taken Remarks/Status
Immediate Action

Period covered: from to

Prepared by:

Checked and verified by:


APPENDIX 7: SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING WRITTEN PERMISSION
FROM DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY
Legislation
Under Section 47 read with
Section 43(b) of Antiquities
(Amendment) Act No. 24 of
1998; Gazette Notification No.
1152/14 dated 04 Oct 2000
Item 4: To make excavations
exceeding 500 meters in length
for purposes of laying conduit
pipes for drainage, water, gas,
electricity, and telephones
http://www.archaeology.gov.lk/
Appendix 7 83
Regulatory Agency Summary of Procedure Time Frame
Department of 1. Proponent to submit During feasibility stage
Archaeology (DA) application to DA
2. DA regional office to About 30 days
conduct preliminary
observation and submit
report to DA
3. (i) If there are no
antiquities according to
the recommendation and
observation report, land
will be released for the
project.
(ii) If the preliminary 30 days
observation report has
proposed to carry out an
archaeological impact
assessment survey,
steps will be taken to
conduct the survey,
including scoping with
other agencies.
4. DA to call for
quotations and award
contract for
archaeological impact
assessment (AIA) survey
5. Selected agency to 42 days
conduct AIA survey and
submit report to DA
6. DA to submit AIA About 30 days
report to minister in
charge of approval
7. DA to issue approval