Legend:

A – Reporter
B – Graphic Presentation or some such

Chapter 1: Background of The Atomic Theory

A1: The Atomic Theory was proposed and demonstrated by John Dalton, and English Chemist, physicist
and meteorologist. The law of Atomic Theory dictates that all matter is made of extremely small
particles that constitute the whole of every object. John Dalton called these small particles atoms,
coming from the Greek word “atomos”, which means ‘indivisible’.

B1: Atomic Theory

- Proposed by John Dalton
- All matter is made of small particles, called Atoms

(Picture ng atoms, science at nerdy stuff, etc.)

A1: It is also a reference to a Greek Philosopher, Democritus, who was also doing research on atoms.
Democritus argued that all objects are made of smaller objects that were uniform, solid, hard,
incompressible, and indestructible. His works went largely ignored at his time, that even the likes of
Aristotle dispute his claims. Aristotle believed that matter was made of five basic elements, earth, water,
air, fire, and ether. While Aristotle’s ideas are now proven to be incorrect, his idea was more widely
accepted than Democritus’s idea of atoms for 2000 years.

B1: Democritus
- Suggested the existence of Atoms, smaller objects that make up matter

Aristotle
- Disputes the existence of Atoms, claiming that matter is made of five basic elements

(picture siguro ni aristortel at democritus nagsusuntukan sa bar)

Chapter 2: John Dalton’s Biography and Achievements

A2: John Dalton was born in September, 6, 1766 to a modest family of Quakers. He attended a Quaker
Grammar School in Eaglesfield. John Dalton was only 12 years old at the time, when John Fletcher
turned the school over to John’s older brother, Jonathan Dalton, who called upon the younger Dalton to
assist with teaching. After two years, the Dalton brothers purchased a school in Kendal, where they
taught approximately 60 students.

B1: John Dalton

- Born in September, 6, 1766
- Attended a Quaker Grammar School
- Started teaching at 12 years old

(picture ni John Dalton or something)

A2: As a teacher, Dalton drew upon the experiences of two important mentors: Elihu Robinson and John
Gough, who he learned the basics of mathematics, Greek and Latin. His two mentors were also amateur
meteorologists, and through them, he acquired practical knowledge in the construction and use of
meteorological instruments. This started Dalton’s passion for meteorology.

B1: Elihu Robinson and John Gough

- Taught Mathematics, Greek and Latin
- Taught construction and use of meteorological instruments

(picture siguro ng teacher or something. Tapos telescopes)

A2: From then on, Dalton would grew to publish, “Meteorological Observations and Essays”,
“Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours”, and his most famous work, “New System of
Chemical Philosophy”. He was recognized for his achievements, and became one of the most famous
English Scientists of his time. His list of achievements include, but not limited to, being elected into the
fellowship of the Royal Society of London and the Royal Society of Edinburgh, awarded an honorary
degree from the University of Oxford, and elected as one of only eight foreign associates of the
French Academy of Sciences. In Manchester he was elected president of the Literary and Philosophical
Society. Through his works he was later known as the “Father of Atomic Chemistry”.

B2: John Dalton’s most famous works

- Meteorological Observations and Essays
- Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours
- New System of Chemical Philosophy

(picture ng mga libro niya, page pati cover. Kahit onte lang)
Chapter 3: The Three Laws of Atomic Theory
A3: There are three laws of Atomic Theory, as proposed by John Dalton. These three laws act as the
main foundation and basis for his theory. These theories include, “The Law of Conservation of Mass”,
“The Law of Definite Proportions”, and “The Law of Multiple Proportions”. Let’s start with his foremost
law, “The Law of Conservation of Mass”.

B1: Three Laws of Atomic Theory

- The Law of Conservation of Mass
- The Law of Definite Proportions
- The Law of Multiple Proportions

A3: In The Law of Conservation of Mass, it is stated that Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed. For
example, boiling 50 grams of water won’t destroy the water completely. While the water in the
container may seem to disappear, it doesn’t destroy the water. Instead, water takes on a new form,
water vapour, which if you measure, should equal to 50 grams too.

As another example, we can also use this theory on the water cycle. Water isn’t created or destroyed,
but cycled through evaporation and condensation.

B1: The Law of Conservation of Mass

- Atoms cannot be created or destroyed

(visual aid about sa container na may lamang tubig, tapos nung pinakulo naging hangin yung tubig or
something)
(picture ng water cycle)

A3: Next up, is the Law of Definite Proportions. This law proclaims that proportion of elements by
weight in a given compound will always remain exactly the same. It simply means that, despite the
factors like location, origin, or quantity, we can say that the per cent composition of elements by weight
in a given compound will remain the same.

For example, try thinking of water. Water is a compound, which means it is made of two or more
different kinds of atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen combine in a ratio of 1:8 by mass to form water. The Law
of Definite Proportions state, that it doesn’t matter where a compound was taken from, or how much
mass it contains. The ratio of this compound remains the same across all instances of the compound.
Take 45 grams of water taken from the Pacific Ocean. The Law basically states that the ratio of elements
in this instance of water is similar even to 36 grams of water taken from the arctic seas.

B1: The Law of Definite Proportions

- Proportion of elements by weight in a given compound will always remain exactly the same
(bahala na kayo sa visual aid, wala ako maisip ;-;)

A3: Lastly, we have the Law of Multiple Proportions. This law states that if two elements combine to
form more than one compound, the masses of these elements in the reaction are in the ratio of small
whole numbers. For example, nitrogen has an atomic mass of 14 amu, and oxygen has an atomic mass
of 16 amu. This means that the mass of nitrogen to oxygen (N:O) for nitrogen monoxide is 14:16. For
nitrogen dioxide – 14:32 – and nitrogen tetroxide – 14:64. Notice that nitrogen remains constant, while
the oxygen varies from 16, 32, and 64.

B1: The Law of Multiple Proportions

- If two elements combine to form more than one compound, the ratio of the mass of the second
element is a small, whole number of a fixed amount of the first element.

(idk)

Chapter 3.1: Summary of the Atomic Theory

A3: In this final chapter, I’ll be giving you a short recap about what we have learned about Dalton’s
Atomic Theory. First off, Elements consist of small particles known as atoms. Second, Atoms cannot be
created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Third, Atoms of the same element are identical. Fourth,
Atoms of different elements have different mass and properties. Fifth, Chemical reactions are
rearrangements of atoms. And lastly, Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different
kinds of atoms. You can take down notes or screenshot this last panel for future reference.
And that is all, thank you.

B1: Dalton’s Atomic Theory

- Elements consist of small particles known as atoms.
- Atoms can’t be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
- Atoms of the same element are identical.
- Atoms of different elements have different masses and properties.
- Chemical reactions are rearrangements of atoms.
- Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.