Mid-semester Semantics Pragmatics

Name :YUDYA LAILIYATUN NABILAH

NIM :161910054
Class :4B

I. Answer the question below!

1. What is semantics?
Semantics is the study of the relationship between words and how we
draw meaning from those words or the study of meaning expressed by
elements of any language, characterizable as a symbolic system.

2. What are the meaning of Truth, ambiguity, entailment and related notion?
Give the example!
 Truth : A semantic theory of truth is a theory of truth in the
philosophy of language which holds that truth is a property of
sentences.
Ex : "a horse has four legs."
has semantic meaning because we understand what conditions are
sufficient and necessary to give the sentence a "true" truth condition.
 Ambiguity : Semantic ambiguity is when a particular word has
two different interpretations. The two different interpretations are
two different interpretations, of that one word.
Ex : “there are can on the back”
Has semantic meaning “there is a cat behind him” or “there is a cat on his
back”
 Entailment : Entailment is the principle that under certain
conditions the truth of one statement ensures the truth of a second
statement. Also called strict implication, logical consequence,
and semantic consequ- ence.
Ex : “Wal-Mart defended itself in court today against claims that its
female employees were kept out of jobs in management because they are
women”
 Entails that “Wal-Mart was sued for sexual discrimination.”
 Related Notion : A related notion is a curvature line, which is a
curve always tangent to a principal direction.
Ex : from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A
closely related notion is the differential of a function. This example is from
Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license.

3. What the differences between metaphor and idiom?

 Idiom is an expression made by a combination of words, whose
meaning is different than the literal meaning of the individual
words.
 Metaphor is a figure of speech that describes a subject, by
comparing the same subject by another distinct subject.

4. Why we should learn about semantics rules?

Semantics is important because if we not understanding the mean of what
we say and hear can lead to misunderstandings fatal.

5. What is the semantic feature?

A semantic feature is a component of the concept associated with a lexical
item ('female' + 'performer' = 'actress') or a component of the concept
associated with any grammatical unit, whether composed or not ('female'
+ 'performer' = 'the female performer' or 'the actress').

II. Complete the set of Semantic features for the following nouns.
Has fur has feathers can fly can be a pet four legs
Dog + - - + +
Cat + - - + +
Hamster + - - + +
Buffalo ? + - - +
Tiger + - - - +
Description :
 mark-ing + for positive examples.
–for negative examples.
? for words thatmightbe examples.
 Dogs: have fur, do not have feathers, cannot fly, can be pets, and have
four legs.
 Cat: has fur, does not have feathers, cannot fly, can be a pet and has
four legs.
 Hamster: has fur, does not have feathers, cannot fly, can be a pet and
has four legs.
 Buffalo: has fur, has feathers, can't fly, can't be a pet, and has four
legs.
 Tiger: has fur, has no feathers, can't fly, can't be a pet, and has four
legs.

III. Find the meaning of idiom!

1. Speak of the devil
Use this idiom when somebody who you are talking about just appears.
Here’s the example from the video: “Did you hear what he said when the
boss walked in? “Can’t believe what he said.” “Hey, what you guys
talking about?” “Speak of the devil.”

2. See eye to eye

Use this idiom when agree with someone about something – or in general.
To see eye to eye is used when people completely agree with each other.
This expression is often used in a negative way.” Jack doesn’t see eye to
eye with his manager”.

3. Sit on the fence

Use this idiom when a person does not take sides in an argument or is
hesitant to choose between two sides in a dispute in order to remain
neutral. Sometimes a person sits on the fence to remain on good terms
with both sides.
4. When pigs fly
Use this idiom when describe an impossible thing, something that will
never happen. It’s often used humorously or sarcastically, especially as a
comment on extreme ambition or deluded self-assurance. Similar: when
hell freezes over.

5. A piece of cake
Use this idiom when something that’s simple or easy. Usually, it is
associated with a task that’s easy to complete or a job that’s easily done.
One might also find it phrased as “that is” or “that was” a “piece of cake.”

6. Break a leg
Use this idiom when in the world of theatre as a way of wishing a
performer or group of performers good luck. The saying, like several
other idioms, depends on irony and context. It’s a non-literal saying, one
that likely relates back to superstitions.

7. Mad as a hatter
Use this idiom when used to describe someone who’s crazy or prone to
unpredictable behavior, didn’t originate with Carroll.

8. Best of both worlds

Use this idiom when a situation in which you can enjoy the advantages of
two different things at the same time.

9. Don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched

Use this idiom when you shouldn’t get your hopes up or make plans based
only on assumptions because that can lead to disappointment. Example: A
race is coming up and the prize for winning is $500.

10. Once in a blue moon

Use this idiom when the period of time between which two things happen.