Research

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
MIMAROPA Region
Schools Division of Oriental Mindoro
Doroteo S. Mendoza Sr. Memorial National High School
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
The Effect of Climate Change on the Farmers of
Pagkakaisa, Naujan, Oriental Mindoro
S.Y. 2022-2023
DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Pagkakaisa, Naujan, Oriental Mindoro| 5204
0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
301630@deped.gov.ph |bedilla.navelgas001@deped.gov.ph
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
Abstract
This research is all about the effect of climate change to the farmers. It aims to know
its effects and find a resolve for the sake of the farmers. In this research, researchers used a
survey paper to gather the perspective and opinions of the farmers toward to this research
topic. Respondents were given a questionnaire for them to answer it. After they answer it,
researchers checked the answers thoroughly for wrong grammar. It also summarized and
translated all the uncommon languages. This research founds out the cause of climate change
and its result. Climate change really affects crops because of it unpredictable weather. It
affects the crops’ quality, ending up on low price at the market, resulting on farmers loss. It
also founds out that climate change also affects farmers’ health due to its rapid weather
changing resulting to an illness and if not cured, death will be the outcome.
I. Introduction

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
As our world’s technology develops rapidly, climate change arises. Trash, smoke,
toxic wastes, etc. were scattered everywhere. It was all created by mankind. The climate
crisis is not a looming threat, people are now living with the consequences of centuries of
greenhouse gas emissions (The Elders, n.d.). As time passed by, the climate was changing
rapidly, and it is not according to its season. Rural areas were affected by this. Climate
change is affecting smallholder rice farming families, and the future of their paddy fields
develop and implement climate change coping strategies to support smallholders to adapt to
climate resilience of the entire rice landscape. Smallholder rice farmer is just depending on
their farms to earn money. Rice is one of the most important crops on earth. It is the major
food supply in almost half of the world’s population. Rice grains is a rich source of calories,
manganese, folic acid, etc. Thus, the change in the quantity and quality of rice grains will
affect global food security which is unfortunately vulnerable to climate change (NCBI, 2023).
The impacts of climate change are placing strain on agriculture and making it harder to
produce enough food and affects the quality of rice. Both direct and indirect effects of climate
change such as drought, flooding, and the spatial distribution of pests and diseases, have an
impact on the productivity of agriculture. It has been assessed that the rise of agricultural
output in mid to low-altitude areas has been inhibited by human-induced climate change, at
least over the past few years. Increasing salinity in the cultivable region can make forming
riskier as a result of rising temperature which results in a rise of sea level. Additionally, both
macro and microenvironment effects of extreme weather events on crop growth are present in

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
rice which are susceptible to a rise in frequency and severity. However, carbon dioxide has a
fertilizer effect on plants’ photosynthesis and water use efficiency which can increase the
quantity of rice grain in cultivars but degrade the quality of the grains. However, carbon
dioxide fertilization effects can be easily offset by other climate factors such as warming. So,
a more active sun would lead to fewer cosmic rays reaching the earth, resulting in fewer
clouds, and therefore a warmer earth.
Statement of the Problem

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
The aim of this study is to know the effects of climate change to the farmers.
According to some bystanders, climate change really affects crop fields and also the farmers
because they depend their money income. It is because their crops cannot grow properly due
to the rapid change of climate. Additionally, famers were also affected because they becomes
ill due to the absurd weather.
Research Questions:
1. How does climate change affected the cropping patterns and farming practices of
farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan, Oriental Mindoro?
2. To what extent has climate change impacted the yield and quality of crops grown
by farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan, Oriental Mindoro?
3. What are the major challenges faced by farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan, Oriental
Mindoro due to changes in climate patterns?
4. How have farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan, Oriental Mindoro adapted to the changing
climatic conditions in terms of crop selection and management practices?
5. What is the role of government policies and interventions in supporting the
adaptation of farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan, Oriental Mindoro to the effects of
climate change on agriculture?
Definition of Terms

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
To facilitate the understanding of this study, different terms are defined herein.
Climate change – a long-term change in the earth's climate, especially a change due
to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature (Dictionary.com, n.d.).
Drought - a prolonged dry period in the natural climate cycle that can occur
anywhere in the world (WHO, n.d.).
Salinity - the amount of dissolved salts present in water (Britannica, 2023)
Photosynthesis - the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide
to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar (NGO, 2022)
II. Methodology

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
Research Design
The researchers prepared a questionnaire for the respondents in this qualitative study.
Climate change is the main topic of this survey. A survey paper is used as the method of
gathering data.
Respondents of the Study
Respondents of this study were the farmers of Brgy. Pagkakaisa, Naujan, Oriental
Mindoro. Among all farmers of the said area, only four (22) farmers sacrificed their time just
to answer the questionnaires.
Research Instrument
In this study, the researchers used a interview to gather the required information from
the respondents. The interview was focused on the importance of being aware in the
phenomenon called climate change.
Data Gathering Procedure

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
Before collecting the data, the researchers prepared a question to be given in the
respondents of the study. Not compulsory is highly emphasized in this study.
In collecting the data, the researchers used a survey paper, and all of the answers were
summarized and written in the paper. The answers are in a formal form and no one used any
symbolism.
III. Results and Discussion

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
Results
Method Respondents Profession
Survey Paper 22 Farmers
How does climate change affects crops
The farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan, Oriental Mindoro have experienced notable effects on
their cropping patterns and farming practices due to climate change. The changing climate
has disrupted their traditional agricultural calendar, making it difficult to anticipate weather
patterns and plan accordingly. Unpredictable rainy seasons have caused irregularities in
planting and harvesting schedules, while extreme weather events like droughts and heavy
rainfall have become more frequent, further complicating farming activities.
Impact of climate change on the quantity and quality of crops
The impact of climate change on the yield and quality of crops grown by farmers in
Pagkakaisa Naujan has been significant. Increasing temperatures and erratic rainfall patterns
have led to water scarcity during critical stages of crop growth. Insufficient water availability
has hindered proper crop development and, in some cases, resulted in substantial crop losses.
Additionally, the warmer conditions have facilitated the proliferation of pests and diseases,
posing a greater threat to crops and reducing both their yield and quality. Consequently,

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
climate change has had an adverse effect on agricultural productivity and profitability in the
region.
Major challenges faced by farmers
Farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan encounter several major challenges as a result of changing
climate patterns. One of the primary challenges is the scarcity of water. The irregular rainy
seasons and unpredictable weather make it difficult for farmers to ensure adequate water
supply for their crops. This scarcity not only affects crop growth and development but also
poses a risk to the livelihoods of farmers who rely on their agricultural produce. Furthermore,
the increased prevalence of pests and diseases due to the changing climate adds another layer
of difficulty, as farmers must find ways to combat these threats and protect their crops.
How did farmers adapt in climate change
In response to the changing climatic conditions, farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan have been
adapting their crop selection and management practices. They have been experimenting with
different crop varieties that are more resilient to heat and water stress. Additionally, farmers
are implementing improved irrigation techniques and water management strategies to
optimize the limited water resources. Some have also adopted practices such as crop rotation
and intercropping to minimize the impact of pests and diseases. These adaptive measures aim
to enhance the resilience of farming systems and mitigate the negative effects of climate
change on crop production.

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
Role of government policies in supporting the adaptation of farmers to climate change
Government policies and interventions play a crucial role in supporting the adaptation of
farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan to the effects of climate change on agriculture. The
government has initiated programs and provided financial support to promote sustainable
farming practices and the adoption of climate-smart technologies. These initiatives include
the dissemination of information and training on climate-resilient farming techniques, the
provision of subsidies for improved irrigation systems, and the establishment of early
warning systems to help farmers anticipate extreme weather events. Additionally,
policymakers are working towards developing policies that address the specific challenges
faced by farmers in the region and facilitate their transition to climate-resilient agricultural
practices.
Discussion

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
Rapid changing of climate is seen as the most problems to the farmers why they
cannot grow crops properly. It affects the crops’ quality and ended up having low price at the
market due to its bad quality. Another problem is drought, it is the effect of climate change
were the waters in canals which is the source of the water for their crops were dried up due to
the excessive heat coming from the sun.
Regarding to climate change, crops also dies easily due to the unpredictable weather
causing to crops being stressed and dies. It also gives confusion to the farmers’ calendar on
when they will start planting the crops where the weather is very unpredictable.
IV. Conclusion

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750
MIMAROPA Region
Pagkakaisa, Naujan
Climate change is the biggest problem of farmers. Due to its unpredictable yet fast
changing of weather, crops dies easily resulting to the farmers’ downfall. This phenomenon is
a nightmare to the farmers. As time goes by, farmers will still suffer even the world’s
technology were advanced.

0977-804-2765 | 0950-077-9750

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Republic of the Philippines

The Effect of Climate Change on the Farmers of

Pagkakaisa, Naujan, Oriental Mindoro

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

clouds, and therefore a warmer earth.

Statement of the Problem

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

ill due to the absurd weather.

farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan, Oriental Mindoro?

by farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan, Oriental Mindoro?

Mindoro due to changes in climate patterns?

climatic conditions in terms of crop selection and management practices?

5. What is the role of government policies and interventions in supporting the

adaptation of farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan, Oriental Mindoro to the effects of

climate change on agriculture?

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature (Dictionary.com, n.d.).

anywhere in the world (WHO, n.d.).

Salinity - the amount of dissolved salts present in water (Britannica, 2023)

to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar (NGO, 2022)

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Respondents of the Study

to answer the questionnaires.

phenomenon called climate change.

Data Gathering Procedure

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

respondents of the study. Not compulsory is highly emphasized in this study.

III. Results and Discussion

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Method Respondents Profession

Survey Paper 22 Farmers

How does climate change affects crops

rainfall have become more frequent, further complicating farming activities.

Impact of climate change on the quantity and quality of crops

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Major challenges faced by farmers

Farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan encounter several major challenges as a result of changing

How did farmers adapt in climate change

are implementing improved irrigation techniques and water management strategies to

change on crop production.

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Role of government policies in supporting the adaptation of farmers to climate change

farmers in Pagkakaisa Naujan to the effects of climate change on agriculture. The

the dissemination of information and training on climate-resilient farming techniques, the

warning systems to help farmers anticipate extreme weather events. Additionally,

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

the excessive heat coming from the sun.

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

technology were advanced.

DOROTEO S. MENDOZA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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