Digestive gland 2

By
Amal Fares
Pancreas
 Pancreas
Mixed gland.
Stroma:
▪ Capsule(Thin, Covered by
peritoneum),
▪ Trabeculae (thin)
▪ Reticular network
Parenchyma:
serous
▪ Exocrine portion : (Acini and Ducts),
compound tubulo-alveolar gland.
▪ Endocrine portion: (Islets of
Langerhans).
 Exocrine Portion
pancreatic (serous) acini:
▪ Small,with narrow lumen.
▪ Lined with pyramidal cells
▪ Basal basophilic cytoplasm and apical acidophilic
(zymogen granules).
▪ Basal rounded nucleus
 Exocrine Portion
Duct system:
▪ Intercalated duct: telescoped inside the
acini, simple squamous cells, inside the
lumen.
▪ Intra-lobular ducts: not apparent.
▪ Inter-lobular ducts: simple cubical
epithelium
▪ Inter-lobar ducts: simple columnar
epithelium
▪ Main duct: simple columnar epithelium
with goblet cells and few
enteroendocrine cells - Joins the common
bile duct to open in the duodenum.
 endocrine portion

Islet of langerhans
▪ Pale stained areas
scattered between
deeply stained
pancreatic acini
▪ groups of cells separated
by fenestrated blood
capillaries and
supported by reticular
network.
 Islet of langerhans
Beta cells % Alpha cells 15 % Delta cells –10 %
70
Diameter small large large
Position Central peripheral Peripheral
LM Basophilic Acidophilic Granules only
granules. granules. stain with (Ag)
EM rER, G.A., mitochondria, membrane bound secretory
granules.
Function Secrete Secrete Secrete
insulin that Glucagon that somatostatin
decrease increase blood which controls
blood glucose release of insulin ,
glucose glucagon & GH
 Islet of langerhans
• C-cells: 3%, few granules, stem or
exhausted cells.
• G-cells: secrete gastrin which stimulate
HCL secretion by stomach.
• Ganglion cells: nerve cells responsible for
autonomic control of islets
• PP cells: secrete pancreatic polypeptide
which reduces pancreatic secretion
 Differences between parotid gland
and pancreas
Parotid Gland Pancreas
Number & type 2 Exocrine Single Mixed

Site In front of ears In concavity of

duodenum
Capsule & Thick and rich in fat cells Thin
trabecule
Acini basophilic cytoplasm Basal basophilic &
Central rounded nuclei Apical acidophilic
cytoplasm
basal rounded nuclei

Islets of Absent Present

Langerhan's
 Differences between parotid gland
and pancreas
Parotid Gland Pancreas

intralobular Present (striated) Not apparent

(striated) ducts

interlobar ducts Lined with Lined with simple

pseudostratified columnar epithelium
columnar epithelium
Main duct Lined with stratified Lined with simple
columnar then stratified columnar with goblet
squamous epithelium and few entero-
endocrine cells
 L.M.
Pancreas

Histology Department / Faculty of Medicine / Cairo University

 L.M. Pancreas

Histology Department / Faculty of Medicine / Cairo University

 Liver

mixed compound tubular gland.

Blood supply of Liver:
75% of blood supply comes from
the Portal Vein (O2 poor,
nutrient rich),
25% from the Hepatic Artery
(O2 rich).
 Histological structure
Stroma:
Capsule (Glisson′s capsule): Thin, Partially covered by
peritoneum.
Trabeculae: Thin, not clear in human
Thick in pig and camel and in human (liver cirrhosis and
fibrosis) clearly demarcated lobules.
Reticular network
 Parenchyma
Hepatocytes in Classic hepatic
lobules:
• Central vein in the middle and
hepatocytes arranged in a radial
manner in cords or plates (2 rows
with bile canaliculus inbetween),
separated by blood sinusoids.
• It is demarcated by thin C.T.
trabeculae, which are thickened at
the angles of the lobule, forming
the Portal Tracts:
 Parenchyma
The Portal Tracts:
• Bile duct.
• Branch of hepatic
artery.
• Branch of portal vein.
• Lymph vessel.
 Portal Tract

Histology Department / Faculty of Medicine / Cairo University

 Hepatocyte
L.M.:
Large, Polyhedral, Acidophilic&
vacuolated cytoplasm due to
dissolved glycogen (PAS or
Best’s carmine)
central rounded pale nucleus
(sometimes binucleated).
 Hepatocyte
E.M.:
Cell membrane:
• Surface facing sinusoid
has long microvilli
• Surface facing hepatocye
shows junctional
complexes
• Surface facing bile
canaliculus has short
microvilli
 Hepatocyte
E.M.:
Organelles:
Mitochondria: Numerous up to
2000 for energy
Ribosomes & r-ER for protein
synthesis
Golgi apparatus for secretion &
formation of lysosomes
Lysosomes for digestion & removal
of waste products
s-ER for detoxification & lipid &
cholesterol synthesis
Inclusions:
Glycogen granules & Lipid droplets
 Blood Sinusoids
• Irregular vascular spaces, between the hepatic
plates.
• Lined by fenestrated endothelial cells and Von-
kupffer cells.
• Drain into central vein.
 Von–kupffer Cells
phagocytic cells.
Origin: blood monocyte.
L.M.: irregular outline (due to
psedopodia), stained by
vital stain e.g. Trypan blue.
E/M: pseudopodia and
lysosomes.
Function:
• Phagocytosis of bacteria and
foreign bodies.
• Phagocytosis of old RBCs &
formation of bile pigments.
 Space of Disse (Perisinusoidal Space)
The space between
hepatocyte and the wall of
blood sinusoid.
It contains:
•Long microvilli of
hepatocytes.
•Plasma.
•Reticular fibers for support.
•Ito cells (fat storing cells) can
store fat soluble vitamin A.
 L.M Liver

Histology Department / Faculty of Medicine

Cairo University
L.M. Liver (Classic Hepatic Lobule)

Histology Department / Faculty of Medicine / Cairo

University