Pair of Straight Line

In intermediate level, you studied a chapter called “The Straight Line”

where we always talked about single line. But now we’ll discuss about
the combined equation of two lines; in this chapter we always deal
with two lines together; i.e., Pair of Straight Lines.

If u = 0 and v = 0 are two equation of st. lines, then their joint

equation or combined equations are uv = 0.
For example,
x+y = 0 ----------------- (1)
3x- y = 0 ----------------- (2)
represents two st. lines separately, then the joint equation of
these two lines are represented by the equation
(x+y) (3x- y) = 0 or
3x2-2xy-y2 = 0. ----------------- (3)
Note:
• As the straight lines represented by (1) and (2) goes
through origin, then the pair of straight lines represented
by (3) also goes through origin.

•Equation (3) is also called Homogeneous Quadratic

Equation.

•The Homogeneous Quadratic Equation always

represents a pair of straight lines passing through origin.
Three More …
Let’s Do an Example…
Non Homogeneous Quadratic Equation
General Second Degree Equation
General Second Degree Equation (1)

Proof of the theorem…

Please Memorize …
Exercise 7-: Prove that the equation 2y2+3xy-5y-6x+2 =
0 represents pair of st. lines; also find the point of
intersection and angle between them.

Example-3: If the pair of st. lines x2-2axy-y2 = 0 and x2-2bxy-

y2 = 0 be such that each pair bisects the angle between
other pair, prove that ab = -1.

Example-7: Prove that the straight lines represented by the

equation ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
will be equidistant from the origin, if f 4 − g 4 = c ( bf 2 − ag 2 )
Exercise-30: Show that the pair of straight line joining the
origin O to the intersection A and B of the line lx+my=1
with the conic ax2+by2=1 has the equation
(a − l ) x 2 2
− 2lmxy + ( b − m ) y = 0
2 2

Example 16/Exercise-17: If two straight lines represented

by the equation x2 ( tan 2  + cos2  ) − 2 xy tan  + y 2 sin 2  = 0
makes an angle α and β with x-axis respectively, then
show that tan  − tan  = 2

Exercise-49: If one of the straight line given by the

equation ax + 2hxy + by = 0 is perpendicular with one
2 2

of those given by , a1 x 2 + 2h1 xy + b1 y 2 = 0

then prove that ( aa − bb ) + 4 ( ha + h b )( h a + hb ) = 0
1 1
2

1 1 1 1
Assignment
Chapter- Pair of St Lines- 5
Example 1, 7, 11, 17

EXERCISE – V
19, 28, 29, 51