Definition

Globalization implies the speedup of developments and trades (of people, products, and services,
capital, technologies or social practices) everywhere in the world. One of the impacts of
globalization is that it advances and builds connections between various regions and populations
all throughout the globe.
Types of Globalization (Concept Map)
Due to exchange improvements and financial trades, we frequently consider globalization an
economic and financial marvel. Regardless, it incorporates a lot more extensive field than simply
streaming of goods, services or capital. Often alluded to as the globalization concept map, a few
kinds of globalization are:
Economic globalization: is the advancement of exchange systems inside transnational
entertainers like organizations or NGOs;
Financial globalization: can be connected with the ascent of a worldwide financial system with
global financial trades and money exchanges. Stock markets, for example, are an incredible
illustration of the financially associated global world since when one stock market has a decay, it
influences other business sectors adversely.
Sociological globalization: information moves practically progressively, along with the
interconnection and relationship of occasions and their outcomes. Individuals move constantly as
well, blending and coordinating various societies;
Technological globalization: the marvel by which a huge number of individuals are
interconnected because of the force of the advanced world through platforms like Facebook,
Instagram, Skype or YouTube.
Benefits of globalization
1. Access to New Cultures
Globalization makes it simpler to access unfamiliar culture, including food, films, music, and art.
This free progression of individuals, products, art, and information is the explanation you can
have Thai food delivered to your house as you tune in to your number one UK-based artist or
stream a Bollywood film.
2. The Spread of Technology and Innovation
Numerous nations throughout the planet remain continually associated, so information and
technological advances travel rapidly.
3. Lower Costs for Products
Globalization permits organizations to discover cheaper approaches to create their items. It
additionally increases worldwide competition, which drives costs down and makes a bigger
assortment of decisions for consumers. Lower costs help individuals in both developing and
already- developed nations live better on less cash.
Examples of Globalization
1. Trade
The ability to travel and experience other places and cultures.
2. Communication
In the 19th century mail services were used as international system of communication. Telephone
services were pretty much global by early 20th century. This made the world fell like smaller
place as you could instantly talk to anyone and anywhere.
3. Transportation
International system of transportation such as shipping and air travel.
4. Media and entertainment
Media and entertainment such as movies and magazines are commonly distributed in multiple
countries.
5. Knowledge
Knowledge has always spread from county to country with verbal exchange and written texts.
This occurs almost instantly now due to the internet.
6. Trade
The exchange of goods and services between nations.
McDonaldization
Introduction
The McDonaldization Theory of George Ritzer: “McDonaldization” is a term used by
sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1993). He explains it
occurs when a culture possesses the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. According to Ritzer,
the McDonaldization of society is a phenomenon that occurs when society, its institutions, and
its organizations are adapted to have the same characteristics that are found in fast-food chains.
McDonaldization is a reconceptualization of rationalization, or moving from traditional to
rational modes of thought, and scientific management. Where Max Weber used the model of the
bureaucracy to represent the direction of this changing society, Ritzer sees the fast-food
restaurant as having become a more representative contemporary paradigm.
Components of McDonaldization
According to Ritzer, McDonaldization is comprised of four main components: efficiency,
calculability, predictability, and control.
 Efficiency, is the optimal method for accomplishing a task. Efficiency in McDonaldization
means that every aspect of the organization is geared toward the minimization of time. From
a customer perspective, efficiency is achieving the fastest way to get from being hungry to
being full. supermarket
 Calculability, refers to the quantifiable objectives of fast-food chains. McDonaldization
developed the notion that quantity equals quality, and that a large amount of product
delivered to the customer in a short amount of time is the same as a high quality product.
This allows people to quantify how much they’re getting versus how much they’re paying.
Workers in these organizations are judged by how fast they accomplish tasks instead of the
quality of work they do. This relates to the idea of availability versus variety – you can get a
lot of one thing, but not necessarily the thing you want. Increase in volume does not equate to
increase in choice.
 Third, predictability is the idea that no matter where a person goes, they will receive the
same service and receive the same product every time they interact with the McDonaldized
organization. This also applies to the workers in those organizations. Their tasks are highly
repetitive, highly routine, and predictable.
 Fourth, under control, employees become standardized and replaced by non-human
technologies. Lastly, as part of standardization, cultural hybridization occurs. Ritzer argues
that as McDonald’s enters a country, consumer patterns are unified, and starting with the
food chains, local cultures are westernized.  all store employees are wearing a uniform (and
usually a name tag) so that they can be easily identified.

Ritzer also outlines irrationality of rationality as a fifth aspect of McDonaldization. As Ritzer

said, “Irrationality means that rational systems are unreasonable systems. By that I mean that
they deny the basic humanity, the human reason, of the people who work within or are served by
them. ” He further states that beyond dehumanization further irrationalities emerge; including the
inefficient masses of red tape, over quantification leading to low quality work, unpredictability
as employees grow unclear about what they are supposed to do, and the loss of control due to
other inadequacies. It turns out that overrationalizing a process in this manner has an unexpected
side effect. It's called irrationality. In a sociological context that simply means that a rationalized
system may result in events or outcomes that were neither anticipated or desired, and in fact, may
not be so good. 
Examples
 An example would be any sort of fast food restaurant. The employees at such a venue
would require little to no skill, and individuals would be assigned with tasks that can
 easily be overcome. The job will not require a lot of thought process and a manager at
such a restaurant will have a lot of control. The replacement of humans by machines also
falls under better control for the manager.
 the drive-up window, salad bars, fill your own cup, self-serve gasoline, ATM's, Voice
Mail, microwave dinners and supermarkets (versus the old-time groceries where you
gave your order to the grocer).
Advantages The advantages that one could see in McDonaldization in today’s modern society is
how quickly a task can be done, so customers get the food they predictability want and get onto
the next task they have for their busy life. Furthermore, to achieve predictability, a rationalized
society emphasizes discipline, order, routine, and consistency operations. Which in return offers
control over the situation or people. 
Disadvantages
A disadvantage of McDonaldization would be the quality of the product, because fast-food
restaurants simplify products. For example, instead of using healthier food, the company will buy
the cheapest food to cook faster meals. Fewer ingredients for the meal the simpler to prepare,
serve, and eat

LOCALIZATION:
LOCALIZATION: Localization is the entire process of adapting a product or content to a
specific location or market, according to the Globalization and Localization Association.
Translation is the process of converting text from one language to another. Translation is one
aspect of localization, but localization is more extensive.
What is localization: Localization is often confused with translation, but these terms actually
mean two different things. Localization is the entire process of adapting a product or content to a
specific location or market, according to the Globalization and Localization Association.
Translation is the process of converting text from one language to another. Translation is one
aspect of localization, but localization is
If you’ve ever experienced this, you already understand the importance of localization even if
you’re not sure exactly what it means. Here’s a quick overview of localization, when to use it
and how the localization process works.
What Is Localization?
Localization is often confused with translation, but these terms actually mean two different
things. Localization is the entire process of adapting a product or content to a specific location or
market, according to the Globalization and Localization Association. Translation is the process
of converting text from one language to another. Translation is one aspect of localization, but
localization is more extensive

Localization also involves adapting other elements to a target market, including:

  Modifying graphics and design to properly display translated text
 Changing content to suit preferences
 Converting to local currencies and units of measurement
 Using proper formatting for elements like dates, addresses and phone numbers
 Addressing local regulations and legal requirements
In short, localization gives something the look and feel expected by the target audience.
Who Needs Localization?
Localization makes content more appealing, which as a result makes the audience more likely to
buy. In fact, 75 percent of consumers said they were more likely to purchase goods and services
if the corresponding product information is in their native language, according to a 2014
Common Sense Advisory report.

By that logic, anyone who is trying to reach a global audience should consider localization as
well as translation. To truly expand your audience, however, you’ll need to localize more than
just your website. Localization should also include:
Marketing materials, including TV, radio, and print ads
 Product manuals
 Training materials
 Online HELP
 User Interfaces
 Quick-start guides
 Service materials
 Product warranty materials
Disclosure documents, such as terms and conditions
Localizing your content allows your organization to expand its reach to a new audience, build
credibility, and increase sales. It also helps you build loyalty among existing customers. In
another Common Sense Advisory survey, half of senior executives said they believed
localization leads to profitability and growth.

 Choosing a Localization Provider

Localizing a product or website can seem intimidating, but it doesn’t have to be. A full-service
language services provider (LSP) has all the resources necessary to produce high-quality
localization on time and on budget, thereby reducing your need to be involved in the day-to-day
execution of the project.
When aggressive timelines are required, these LSPs have the ability to build and manage large
teams. They are also able to perform both linguistic and functional quality assurance to ensure
the localization is correct. And, they probably have an engineering team that can work with, and
extract text from any file type. Perhaps most significantly, most firms will be able to use
sophisticated localization tools that will yield significant savings on future projects.

In the end, the most important factor in determining whether your localization project is
successful is the skill of the team who actually works on your materials. When delivering fully
localized materials, it should not be apparent to the audience that the content they are reading or
the product they are holding has been localized from another language.

The fact that your product or content was originally created in English (for example) and then
localized into the consumer’s native language should be undetectable. A properly localized
product should have the look and feel of having been.