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Gtu 4th It Question Paper
Gtu 4th It Question Paper
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Q.2 (a) List out names of eight main registers of basic computer with their 03
symbolic name and purpose.
(b) Summarize following addressing modes with example. 04
1) Implied mode 2) Register mode
(c) Which are the different phases of Instruction Cycle? Describe Register 07
transfer for fetch phase with its diagram.
OR
(c) Define: microinstruction; Identify different types of 16 bits instruction 07
formats for basic computer using figure.
Q.3 (a) Use BSA and BUN instruction with example and diagram. 03
(b) Criticize Three-Address Instructions and Zero address instruction with 04
common example.
(c) Describe how control unit determine instruction type after the 07
decoding using flowchart for instruction cycle.
OR
Q.3 (a) Prepare flowchart of CPU-IOP communication. 03
(b) Differentiate RISC and CISC architecture. 04
(c) What is cache memory? Interpret direct addressing mapping with 07
diagram.
1
(b) What is a data dependency conflict in instruction pipeline? 04
Recommend solutions for data dependency conflicts.
(c) Demonstrate four-segment instruction pipeline in detail 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Sketch Microinstruction code format. Quote BR and CD field in brief. 03
(b) Compare following terms: 04
1. Write through-cache and Write back cache.
2. Spatial locality and Temporal locality
(c) Elaborate flynn’s classification scheme with proper diagram. 07
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Q.1 (a) State differences between hardwired control unit and 03
microprogrammed control unit.
(b) Explain register stack and memory stack. 04
(c) Show the contents of registers E, AC, BR, QR and SC during the 07
process of multiplying 11111 with 10101.
Q.2 (a) Write down RTL statements for the fetch and decode operation 03
of basic computer.
(b) Define pipelining. For arithmetic operation (Ai *Bi + Ci) with a 04
stream of seven numbers (i=1 to 7). Specify a pipeline
configuration to carry out this task.
(c) Write a program to evaluate the arithmetic statement: 07
A*B+C*D+E
i. Using an accumulator type computer.
ii. Using a stack organized computer.
OR
(c) A non-pipeline system takes to process a task. The same task 07
can be processed in a six segment pipeline with a clock cycle of
10ns. Determine the speedup ratio of the pipeline for 100 tasks.
What is the maximum speed up that can be achieved?
Q.3 (a) List down six major characteristics of RISC processors. 03
(b) Explain how (r-1)’s complement is calculated. Calculate 9’s 04
complement of 546700.
(c) Elaborate CPU-IOP communication. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) List and explain major instruction pipeline conflicts. 03
(b) Define RTL. Give block diagram and timing diagram of transfer 04
of R1 to R2 when P=1.
(c) Elaborate content addressable memory (CAM). 07
Q.4 (a) Explain memory hierarchy in brief. 03
(b) Draw and explain flowchart for first pass of assembler. 04
(c) Explain using a flowchart how address of control memory is 07
selected in microprogrammed control unit.
OR
Q.4 (a) Briefly explain DMA. 03
(b) Write assembly level program to subtract two given numbers. 04
(c) Write the symbolic microprogram routine for the BSA 07
instruction. Use the microinstruction format of basic
microprogrammed control unit.
1
Q.5 (a) How many AND gates and Adders will be required to multiply a 03
5 bit number with a 3 bit number? Also say size of adder (bits).
How many bits will be there in the result?
(b) What do you mean by cache memory? Justify the need of cache 04
memory in computer systems.
(c) Discuss multistage switching network with neat diagrams. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain the non-restoring methods for dividing two numbers. 03
(b) Discuss source-initiated transfer using handshaking in 04
asynchronous data transfer.
(c) Elaborate cache coherence problem with its solutions. 07
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Marks
Q.1 (a) A committee 5 persons, is to be formed from 6 men and 4 women. In how 03
many ways this can be done when (i) at least 2 women are included, (ii) at
most 2 women are included.
(b) If A 4,5, 7,8,10 , B 4,5,9 and C 1, 4, 6,9 , then verify that 04
A B C A B A C .
(c) Define Functionally complete set of connectives, Principal Disjunctive 07
Normal Form (PDNF). Obtain PDNF for the expression
p q p q q r
Q.3 (a) Define Partition of a Set. Let A 1, 2,3, 4,5 and 03
R 1, 2 , 1,1 , 2,1 , 2, 2 , 3,3 , 4, 4 , 5,5 be an equivalence
relation on A . Determine the partition for R 1 , if it an equivalence
relation.
(b) Draw Hasse Diagram for the lattice S30 , D where S30 is the set of 04
divisors of 30 and D is the relation divides.
(c) a b 07
Show that the set S of all matrices of the form where a, b R is
b a
a field with respect to matrix addition and matrix multiplication.
OR
Q.3 (a) Define Semi Group, Monoid. Give an example of an algebraic structure 03
which is semi group but not monoid.
1
(b) Consider the a relation R defined on A 1, 2,3 whose matrix 04
representation is given below. Determine its inverse R 1 and complement
R' .
1 0 0
M R 1 1 1
0 0 1
(c) Define free variable and bound variable. 07
Rewrite the following argument using quantifiers, variables and predicate
symbols. Prove the validity of the argument.
Q.4 (a) Define Abelian group and prove that the set 0,1, 2,3, 4 is a finite abelian 03
group under addition modulo 5 as binary operation.
(b) Define even permutation. Show that the permutation 04
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
is odd and is even.
5 6 2 4 1 3 6 3 4 5 2 1
(c) Define Principal Ideal. Find all the principal Ideal of the ring 07
0,1, 2,3, 4,5 , 6 , 6 .
OR
Q.4 (a) Define cut vertex. List out all the cut vertices of the graph given in Figure 03
1.
(b) Define adjacency matrix and path matrix of a graph. Find out adjacency 04
matrix for the graph given in Figure 1.
(c) Define the terms: Simple Graph, Multi – Graph, Weighted Graph, Degree 07
of a vertex, in degree and out degree of a vertex. Illustrate each with an
example.
Q.5 (a) State Lagrange’s theorem and find out all possible subgroups of group 03
1, 1, i, i , .
(b) Define Eulerian graph, Planar Graph. 04
Justify whether the graph given in Figure 1 is Planer or not using Euler’s
formula.
(c) Define Binary tree, Spanning tree, Minimal Spanning tree, Find the 07
minimal spanning tree for the weighted graph given in Figure 2.
OR
Q.5 (a) Define Cyclic group, Normal subgroup. Illustrate with an example. 03
(b) Form a binary search tree for the data 16,24,7,5,8,20,40,3. 04
(c) Explain Post order traversal. Given the postorder and inorder traversal of 07
a binary tree, draw the unique binary tree.
Postorder: d e c f b h i g a
Inorder: d c e b f a h g i.
2
Figure 1 Figure 2
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Q.4 (a) Let 〈𝐿, ≤〉 be a lattice. Show that for 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝐿, following inequalities holds. 07
𝑎 ⊕ (𝑏 ⋆ 𝑐) = (𝑎⨁𝑏) ⋆ (𝑎⨁𝑐)
𝑎 ∗ (𝑏⨁𝑐) = (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏)⨁(𝑎 ∗ 𝑐)
(b) Let 𝐺 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)|𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅}. Define binary operation (∗) on 𝐺 as 07
(𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) ∈ 𝐺, (𝑎, 𝑏) ∗ (𝑐, 𝑑) = (𝑎𝑐, 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑑). Show that an algebraic structure
(𝐺,∗) is a group.
OR
Q-4 (a) Let 𝐺 be the set of non-zero real numbers. Define binary operation (∗) on 𝐺 as 07
𝑎𝑏
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 2 . Show that an algebraic structure (𝐺,∗) is an abelian group.
(b) Explain the following terms with proper illustrations. 07
a) Directed graphs
b) Simple and elementary path
c) Reachability of a vertex
d) Connected graph.
Q-5 (a) Show that sum of in-degrees of all the nodes of simple digraph is equal to the sum 07
of out-degrees of all the nodes and this sum equal to the number of edges in it.
(b) Let = {1, 2, 3, 4} . For the relation 𝑅 whose matrix is given, find the matrix of the 07
transitive closure by using Warshall’s algorithm.
1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0
𝑀𝑅 = [ ]
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
OR
Q-5 (a) Define tree and root. Also prove that tree with 𝑛 vertices has 𝑛 − 1 edges. 07
(b) Define in-degree and out-degree of a vertex and matrix of a relation. Let 𝐴 = 07
{𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑} and let 𝑅 be the relation on 𝐴 that has the matrix
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
𝑀𝑅 = [ ]
1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1
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(c) Solve the recurrence relation: 07
𝑎𝑛+2 − 5𝑎𝑛+1 + 6𝑎𝑛 = 2.
Q.4 (a) Define group with example. Give an example of a non-abelian group. 03
(b) Let 𝐻 = {[0], [3]} in 𝑍6 under addition. Find left and right cosets in < 04
𝑍6 , +6 >.
(c) Prove that 𝐺 = {1,2,3,4,5,6} is a finite abelian group of order 6 with 07
respect to multiplication modulo 7.
OR
Q.4 (a) Define subgroup and group Homomorphism. 03
(b) Is addition a binary operation on {-1,0,1}? Justify. 04
(c) Explain Cosets and Lagrange’s theorem. 07
Q.5 (a) How many nodes are necessary to construct a graph with exactly 8 edges 03
in which each node is of degree 2.
(b) Find the shortest path between each pair of vertices for a simple digraph 04
using Warshall’s Algorithm.
(c) Define Isomorphic Graphs. Verify the following graphs are Isomorphic 07
or not (Justify).
OR
Q.5 (a) Define Cyclic graph, Null graph and Strongly connected graph. 03
(b) Draw a graph which is regular but not bipartite. 04
(c) For the following set of weights construct an optimal binary prefix code. 07
For each weight in the set, give corresponding code word.
5, 7, 8, 15, 35, 40
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Marks
Q.1 (a) Determine whether each of these statements is true or false. 03
1)0 ∈ ∅ 2)∅ ⊂ {0} 3){0} ∈ {0}
4) ∅ ∈ {∅} 5){∅} ∈ {{∅}} 6) {{∅}} ⊂ {∅, {∅}}
(b) Determine whether f is a function from the set of all bit strings to the set 04
of integers if
1) 𝑓(𝑠) is the position of a 0 bit in S.
2) 𝑓(𝑠) is the number of a 1 bits in S.
Find the range of each of the following functions that assigns:
3) to a bit string the number of one bits in the string
4) to each bit string twice the number of zeros in that string.
(c) 1) Find the bitwise OR, and bitwise XOR of the bit string 1111 0000, 07
1010 1010
2) Show that the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| is
not invertible. Modify the domain or codomain of 𝑓 so that it
becomes invertible.
3) Let 𝑆 be subset of a universal set ∪. The characteristic function 𝑓𝑆
: ∪→ {0,1} , 𝑓𝑆 (𝑥) = 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ 𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 ∉ 𝑆.
Let A and B be sets. Then show that 𝑓𝐴∩𝐵 (𝑥) = 𝑓𝐴 (𝑥). 𝑓𝐵 (𝑥)
Q.2 (a) Let P(x) be the statement “x = x2 “. If the domain consists of the integers, 03
what are the truth values of the following?
1) ∃𝑥 𝑃(𝑥) 2) ∀𝑥 ¬𝑃(𝑥) 3) ∃𝑥 ¬𝑃(𝑥)
(b) Identify the error or errors in this argument that supposedly shows that if 04
∃x P(x) ∧ ∃x Q(x) is true then ∃x (P(x) ∧ Q(x)) is true.
1. ∃x P(x) ∧ ∃x Q(x) Premise
2. ∃x P(x) Simplification from (1)
3. P(c) Existential instantiation from (2)
4. ∃x Q(x) Simplification from (1)
5. Q(c) Existential instantiation from (2)
6. 𝑃(c) ∧ 𝑄(𝑐) Conjunction from (3) and (5)
7. ∃𝑥 (𝑃(𝑥) ∧ 𝑄(𝑥)) Existential generalization
OR
1
(c) 1) Suppose that the domain of Q(x, y, z) consists of triples x, y, z, 07
where x = 0, 1, or 2, y = 0 or 1, and z = 0 or 1. Write out following
propositions using disjunctions and conjunctions.
i) ∃𝑧¬𝑄(0,0, 𝑧) ii). ∀𝑦𝑄(0, 𝑦, 0)
2)
i) Show that ∃𝑥 𝑃(𝑥) ∧ ∃𝑥 𝑄(𝑥) and ∃𝑥(𝑃(𝑥) ∧ 𝑄(𝑥)) are
not logically equivalent.
ii) Show that ∃𝑥(𝑃(𝑥) ∨ 𝑄(𝑥)) and ∃𝑥 𝑃(𝑥) ∨ ∃𝑥 𝑄(𝑥) are
logically equivalent.
Q.3 (a) For the relation {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)} on the set 03
{1,2,3,4}, decide whether it is reflexive, whether it is symmetric, whether
it is antisymmetric, and whether it is transitive..(Justify your answer if the
property is not satisfied)
(c) 1) Draw the Hasse diagram for the poset ({2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 27, 36, 48, 07
60, 72}, |). Hence find 𝑔𝑙𝑏({60,72}) and all maximal elements.
2) Determine whether the relation with the directed graph shown is
an equivalence relation.
OR
Q.3 (a) Suppose that the relations 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 on a set A are represented by the 03
matrices
1 0 1 1 0 1
M𝑅1 = [1 0 0] and M𝑅2 = [0 1 1]
0 1 0 1 0 0
What are the matrices representing 𝑅1 ∪ 𝑅2 and 𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 ?
(b) Use Warshall’s algorithm to find the transitive closures of the relation 04
𝑅 = {(1,4), (2, 1), (2,3), (3,1), (3,4), (4,3)} on {1, 2, 3, 4}
(c) 1) Draw the Hasse diagram for the poset({2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 20, 25}, |). 07
Hence, find the are maximal and minimal elements.
2) Which of these collections of subsets are partitions of
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}? Justify your answer if it is not a partition.
i) {1, 2}, {2, 3, 4}, {4, 5, 6}
ii) {1, 4, 5}, {2, 6}
2
(b) 1) Define Isomorphic Graphs 04
2) Verify the following graphs are Isomorphic or not (Justify).
Graph -1 Graph-2
OR
Q.4 (a) 1) Define: i) Isolated vertex ii) Null graph 03
2) Identify Isolated vertex/vertices from the following graph
3
Q.5 (a) 1) Define: SemiGroups. 03
2) Let S = {a, b, c, d}. The following multiplication table, define
operations ∙ on S. Is 〈S, ∙〉semigroup? Justify
(c) 1) Define:Ring. 07
2) Write elements of the ring 〈𝑧10 , +10 , ×10 〉. And find −3, −8 , 3−1 , 4−1
OR
Q.5 (a) Consider the set Q of a rational numbers. Let ∗ be the operation on Q 03
defined by a∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏. Find
1) 3 ∗ 4 2) the identity element for ∗.
(c) We are given the ring 〈{𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑}, +,∙〉 the operations + and ∙ on 𝑅 are as 07
shown in the following table.
+ a b c d ∙ a b c d
a a b c d a a a a a
b b c d a b a c a c
c c d a b c a a a a
d d a b c d a c a a
1) Does it have an identity?
2) What is the zero of this ring?
3) Find the additive inverse of each of its elements
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Q.3 (a) What is the final class? Why they are used? 03
(b) Write exception handling mechanisms in JAVA. 04
(c) Explain Overloading and Overriding with example. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) How can you create packages in Java? 03
(b) What is Inheritance? List out the different forms of Inheritance and 04
explain any one with example.
(c) Explain the words super, static, final and this with the help of an 07
example.
MARKS
Q.1 (a) What are syntax errors (compile errors), runtime errors, and logic 03
errors?
(b) What is Type Casting? Explain widening and narrowing type 04
casting.
(c) Explain Data Types in detail with example. 07
1
Q.5 (a) Compare List and Set. 03
(b) Explain static variable and static method with example. 04
(c) Explain Thread Synchronization with example. 07
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Q.1 (a) Define object oriented concepts. 03
(b) What is the difference between the StringBuffer and StringBuilder 04
classes?
(c) Define constructor. How objects are constructed? Explain constructor 07
overloading with an example.
Q.2 (a) Explain about arrays, Type of arrays and arrays methods. 03
(b) Explain about Encapsulation, Abstraction. 04
(c) State the design hints for class and inheritance. 07
Also discuss the working and meaning of the “static” modifier with
suitable examples.
OR
(c) Explain in detail how inheritance and polymorphism are supported in 07
java with necessary examples.
Q.3 (a) Explain about different types of string methods. 03
(b) Write short notes on access specifiers and modifiers in java. 04
(c) What is an Exception? Explain the exception hierarchy. Explain how 07
to throw, catch and handle Exceptions.
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain about Final class, Fields, Methods. 03
(b) What is a Package? What are the benefits of using packages? Write 04
down the steps in creating a package and using it in a java program
with an example.
(c) Explain the concept of inner classes and explain the types of inner 07
classes with an example program.
Q.4 (a) What is Dynamic binding? Show with an example how dynamic 03
binding works.
(b) Write short notes about I/O stream classes. 04
(c) Explain the thread state, thread properties and thread synchronization. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain the concept of finalization. 03
(b) What is reflection and how does it help to manipulate java code. 04
(c) Write a java program to implement the multiple inheritance concepts 07
for calculating area of circle and square.
Q.5 (a) Explain about callback 03
(b) Explain the interface with an example program. 04
(c) What is Generic programming and why is it needed? Explain with 07
example. List the limitations and restrictions of generic programming
1
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain about Proxy class, Interface and Methods. 03
(b) Explain about adapter classes and mouse events with an example. 04
(c) With a neat diagram explain the Model view controller design pattern 07
and list out the advantages and disadvantages of using it in designing
an application.
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Q.2 (a) Describe the two strategies for providing processor resources in a virtual 03
environment.
(b) Describe hardware approaches to mutual exclusion. 04
(c) Consider a disk queue with I/O requests of the following cylinders in 07
their arriving order 6,10,12,54,97,73,128,15,44,110,34,45
The disk head is assumed to be at Cylinder 23 and moving in the direction
of decreasing number of cylinders. The disk consists of total 150
cylinders. Calculate the disk head movement using SCAN and C -SCAN
scheduling algorithm.
OR
(c) Calculate the number of page faults for the following reference string 07
using LRU(Least recently used) page replacement algorithm with frame
size as 3.
5 0 2 1 0 3 0 2 4 3 0 3 2 1 3 0 1 5
Q.4 (a) Explain how resource allocation graph can depict the deadlock situation? 03
(b) Explain the handling of multiple non interactive and multiple interactive 04
jobs in case of multiprogramming.
(c) Distinguish between 07
(i) Static and dynamic allocation of memory
(ii) Swapping and paging
(iii) Page, frame and segment
OR
Q.4 (a) Describe the two difficulties with the use of equal size fixed partitions. 03
(b) Explain how input output is managed in virtual environment. 04
(c) Consider the following scenario of processes with priority. If the 07
scheduling of processes is priority based, Draw the Gantt chart. Calculate
turnaround time and waiting time for each process. Also compute
average turnaround time and average waiting time for the system.
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(c) What is Process? Draw Five State Process Model and Explain it. 07
Page 1 of 2
Q.3 (a) Give the functions of following UNIX commands: 03
1. grep
2. cat
3. cmp
(b) Explain concept of Demand Paging in memory management. 04
(c) What is Critical Section Problem and list the requirements to solve it. 07
Write Peterson’s Solution for the same.
OR
Q.3 (a) What is deadlock? List the conditions that lead to deadlock. 03
(b) Explain Hypervisor. 04
(c) Explain Dining-philosophers Solution Using Monitors. 07
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MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define following Terms: 03
(b) Draw process state diagram. Explain each transition among them in 04
detail.
(c) What is thread? Explain thread Structure? And explain any one type of 07
thread in details.
OR
(c) What is PCB? Discuss its major fields. 07
Q.3 (a) List the four events that cause processes to be created. Explain each in 03
brief.
(b) What is interrupt? How it is handle by operating system. 04
(c) Explain producer consumer problem and its solution using monitor. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Write a short note on semaphores. 03
Q.4 (a) List Deadlock recovery techniques and explain any one of them. 03
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Q.5 (a) Explain Usages of following Linux Commands with proper example. 03
( i) grep (ii) wc (iii) diff
(b) Discuss paging in Detail. 04
(c) Write a Linux Shell Script to find out all prime numbers between given 07
range.
OR
Q.5 (a) Define Virtualization and explain it with diagram. 03
(b) Discuss TLB. 04
(c) Suppose that a disk drive has 200 cylinders. Numbered 0 to 199. The 07
drive is currently serving at cylinder 60 and previous request was at
cylinder 35. The queue of pending requests in FIFO order is
70, 140, 50, 125, 30, 25, 160
Starting from the current head position what is the total distance (in
cylinders) that the disk arm moves to satisfy all the pending requests for
each of following disk scheduling algorithms.
a) FCFS
b) SSTF
c) SCAN
d) LOOK
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Q.3 (a) Define the following terms: reverse repo rate, repo rate, bank rate 03
(b) What should be the preparation to reduce inflation? 04
(c) Discuss the meaning and functions of money in detail. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain perfect competition with suitable example. 03
(b) What is the difference between line and staff organization structures? 04
(c) Explain in detail about various methods of computing national income. 07
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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define the following terms: Management, Marketing, and Money. 03
(b) Enlist determinants of Demand and Supply. 04
(c) Explain the break even analysis with the help of suitable Curves and 07
Assumptions. Also derive the formula for Break Even Quantity.
Q.2 (a) Explain the relationship between Total, Fixed and Variable costs. 03
(b) Explain the importance of the subject Principles of Economics and 04
Management as part of B. E. study.
(c) Explain Elasticity of Demand in detail. 07
OR
(c) GDP, GNP, NNP and NDP. Explain these concepts in detail. 07
Q.3 (a) Explain about different types of money. 03
(b) Explain Monopolistic Market with its characteristics. 04
(c) Explain monetary policy, its objectives and tools. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) List out the principles of scientific management. 03
(b) Explain the types of managers with examples. 04
(c) Explain in detail about various functions of banking. 07
Q.4 (a) List out various economic problems. 03
(b) Differentiate the perfect competition and monopolistic competition. 04
(c) Explain in brief Poverty (causes, types, and measure to eradicate). 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Management is an art. Justify the statement. 03
(b) Explain Needs Maslow’s theory of management. 04
(c) Explain Corporate Social Responsibility of a Multinational 07
organization.
Q.5 (a) Define the following terms: bank rate, repo rate,& reverse repo rate 03
(b) What are the causes and remedies of unemployment? 04
(c) List the type of Organization. Explain any one type in detail. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Discuss the stock and flow concept of national income? 03
(b) Ethical Behavior is doing what is morally right. Justify it. 04
(c) Discuss the internal and external sources of recruitment in detail. 07
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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
Marks
Q.1 (a) Define Terms: 03
1. Economics 2.Personal Income 3. Interest Rate
(b) Differentiate Microeconomics & Macroeconomics with their significance in 04
assessing Economies.
(c) How the prices of goods are determined by market? Discuss significance of 07
demand and supply of goods in price determination.
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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
Q.2 (a) Define : (1) Fixed Cost (2) Sunk Cost (3) Opportunity Cost 03
(b) Explain factors of production in detail 04
(c) Explain break even analysis with suitable curve 07
OR
(c) Explain Perfect Competition and Monopoly markets. 07
Q.3 (a) Define : (1) GDP (2) GNP (3) National Income 03
(b) Explain different types of Unemployment 04
(c) What is Fiscal Policy? Explain its objectives in detail 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Define : (1) Money (2) CRR (3) Repo Rate 03
(b) Explain measures to control Inflation. 04
(c) What is RBI? Explain functions of RBI 07
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