THREADED MEMBERS

Bolt
- is a threaded fastener designed to
pass through holes in the mating
members and to be secured by
tightening a nut from the end
opposite the head of the bolt. It is
provided with nut.
Screw
- is a threaded fastener designed to
be inserted through hole in one
member to be joined and into a
threaded hole in the mating member.
Parts of the Threaded Members
Parts of the Threaded Members
Types of the Threaded
Members
Types of Threads
1. UNC (Unified National Course). A type of threads that
are recommended for general use.
2. UNF (Unified National Fine). A type of threads that are
frequently used in automotive and aircraft work.
3. UNEF (Unified National Extra-Fine). A type of threads
that is useful in aeronautical equipment.
4. 8 UN (Unified 8-Thread Series). A type of threads that
are used on bolts for high-pressure pipe, flanges,
cylinder head, studs, etc.
Threads Designation with Defined Tolerances
1. Tolerances are used where quick and easy assembly
• Class 1A (External Threads)
• Class 1B (Internal Threads)
2. Tolerances suitable for normal production practices
• Class 2A (External Threads)
• Class 2B (Internal Threads)
3. Have the closest fit, allowance is zero
• Class 3A (External Threads)
• Class 3B (Internal Threads)
Bolt Specification Number
Standard Form of Threads
1. ACME Thread
2. V Thread
3. Square Thread
4. Brown and Sharpe Worm Thread
5. Buttress Thread
6. Whitworth Thread
Bolt Formula
Bolt Formula
Set Screw
• is a screw that is used to secure an
object, by pressure and/or friction, within
or against another object, such as fixing
a pulley or gear to a shaft.
• A set screw is normally used without
a nut (which distinguishes it from a bolt),
being screwed instead in a threaded hole
drilled in only one of the two objects to be
secured.
• A set screw is often headless and
threaded along its entire length, so that it
will sit entirely inside that hole; in which
case it may be called a grub
screw or blind screw.
Formula
• Power Transmitted per set screw Where:
𝑁𝐷𝑑2.3 𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, in.
ℎ𝑝 =
50 𝑑 = 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑖𝑛.
• Torque per set screw 𝑁 = 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑, 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑇 = 1250𝐷𝑑2.3
• No. of set screws
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑝
𝑛=
ℎ𝑝 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑤
Sample Problems
(Bolts and Nuts)
7. Compute how many 3/8 inch diameter set screws required to transmit 3Hp at a shaft
speed of 1000rpm. The shaft diameter is 1 inch.

28
8. The cylinder head of a 10 x 16in Freon compressor is attached by 10 stud bolts made of
SAE grade 5. The cylinder pressure is 200psi. What is the force on each bolt?

29
9. The cylinder head of a 10 x 16in Freon compressor is attached by 10 stud bolts made of
SAE grade 5. The cylinder pressure is 200psi. What size of stud bolt should be used if SAE
grade 5( ¼’’ – ¾’’) has the following stresses: 𝑆𝑝 = 85𝑘𝑠𝑖, 𝑆𝑦 = 88𝑘𝑠𝑖

30
10. A single bolt is used to lap join two steel bars together. Tensile force on the bars is 20kN.
Determine the diameter of the bolt in mm required if the allowable shearing stress on it is 69
Mpa.

31
11. What is the working strength in lbs of a 2’’ bolt which is screwed up tightly in a packed
joint when the allowable working stress is 12,000 psi?

32
12. The manhole cover of an ammonia storage tank is to be held by 24 stud bolts. If the
pressure inside the storage tank will remain constant at 12.5 kg per sq. cm and the manhole
diameter is 508 mm. What would be the stress area in sq. in if the load will be proportionally
carried by the bolts? Disregard elastic limit of material.

33
13. Eight bolts are to be selected for fixing the cover plate of a cylinder subjected to a maximum load of
980 kN. If the design stress for the bolt material is 315 N/𝑚𝑚2 , what is the diameter of each bolt?
a. 25.32 mm
b. 22.25 mm
c. 18.25 mm
d. 15.35 mm

34
14. A steam engine cylinder has an effective diameter of 350 mm and the maximum steam pressure
acting on the cylinder cover is 1.25 N/𝑚𝑚2 . Calculate the number of bolts required to fix the cylinder
cover, assuming the diameter is 2cm and permissible stress in the studs is 33 Mpa.
a. 12 bolts
b. 10 bolts
c. 13 bolts
d. 9 bolts

35
15. A heavy machine of 20 kN is lifted with the help of 4-eye bolts which are screwed on top of the
machine. If the allowable stress in the bolt is 80MPa. What will be the size of the bolt?
a. 15 mm
b. 6 mm
c. 9 mm
d. 12 mm

36
Sample Problems
(Power Screw)
1. What weight can be lifted by a screw that has an efficiency of 80% if it is operated by a
50lb force at the end of a 30 in lever? The pitch of the screw is ½ in.
a. 15,079 lbs
b. 12,221 lbs
c. 10,123 lbs
d. 16,452 lbs

38
2. A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70kN. The screw has a major
diameter of 36mm and a pitch of 6mm. The coefficient of thread friction and collar friction
are 0.13 and 0.10 respectively. If the collar mean diameter is 90mm and the screw turns at
60rpm, find the combined efficiency of screw and collar.
a. 12.5%
b. 15.1%
c. 10.2%
d. 9.2%

39
40
3. A single threaded trapezoidal metric thread has a pitch of 4mm, and a mean diameter of
18mm. It is used as a translation screw in conjunction with a collar having an outside
diameter of 37mm and an inside diameter of 27mm. Find the required torque in N-m to raise
a load of 400kg if the coefficient of friction is 0.3 for both thread and collar.

41
4. What is the frictional hp acting on a collar loaded with 100 kg weight? The collar has an
outside diameter of 100 mm and an internal diameter of 40 mm. The collar rotates at 1000
rpm and the coefficient of friction between the collar and the pivot surface is 0.15.

42
5. A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70kN. The screw has a major
diameter of 36 mm and a pitch of 6 mm. The coefficient of thread friction and collar friction
are 0.13 and 0.10 respectively. If the collar mean diameter is 90 mm and the screw turns at
60 rpm, find the power input to the screw in kW.

43
6. A double thread Acme screw driven by a motor at 400 rpm raises the attached load of 900
kg at a speed of 10 meters per minute. The screw has a pitch diameter of 36 mm. the
coefficient of friction on threads is 0.15. The friction torque on the thrust bearing of the
motor is taken as 20% of the total torque input. Determine the motor power required to
operate the screw.

44
Seatwork:
1. An eye bolt is to be used for lifting a load of 60 kN. Find the normal
diameter of the bolt, if the tensile stress is not to exceed 100 MPa.
Assume coarse threads. Ans. M 33
2. Two shafts are connected by means of a flange coupling to transmit
torque of 25 N-m. The flanges of the coupling are fastened by four
bolts of the same materials at a radius of 30 mm. Find the size of
the bolts if the allowable shear stress for the bolt material is 30
Mpa. Ans. M 4
Example: (Power Screw)
3. A square single thread jackscrew has 2 threads per inch. It is to lift 15 tons.
The friction radius of the collar is 1 inch. The coefficient of friction between
the threads of the screw and base is 0.15 that between the screw and collar
is 0.13.
a. Determine the root diameter if the allowable stress in compression is
6000 psi. Ans. 2.52 in
b. Determine the pitch of the screw. Ans. 0.50 in.
c. Find the major diameter. Ans. 3.02 in.
d. Find the mean diameter. Ans. 2.77 in.
e. Find the lead angle. Ans. 3 deg.
f. Determine the torque required to overcome friction in threads. Ans.
8596.94 in-lb
g. Determine the torque to overcome friction in collar. Ans. 3,900 in-lb
h. What is the expected total torque to operate in a jackscrew? Ans.
12,496.94 in-lb
i. What is the expected total force required by the torque? Ans. 208.28
lb
j. What is the expected efficiency of the screw? Ans. 19.1 %
Thank You for Listening!