Ibrahim Usman Dikko

20120305

CPE

Question 1

1. "Two systems which are equal in temperature to a third system are equal in temperature to
each other". This is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and provides the basis for
temperature measurements. Temperature and heat are discussed more in Energy
interactions.
2. The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium
with some third body, then they are also in equilibrium with each other.

Question 2

1. The thermometric substance is the material used in the thermometer, whose property
varies with temperature. In order to assemble a thermometer, we use a substance that has
some physical property which changes constantly as the temperature changes. Such
substance is known as a thermometric substance. Example: Mercury and alcohol, all gases,
platinum, thermocouples, radiant energy.
2. The property of an object which changes with temperature is called a thermometric
property. Example: volume expansion (mercury), electrical resistance.
3. A temperature scale in which the temperature, T , is a function of the energy possessed by
matter. Thermodynamic temperature is therefore a physical quantity that can be expressed
in units, termed kelvin. The zero of the scale is absolute zero. Example are Fahrenheit scale
and the Celsius scale.
4. an instrument for measuring and indicating temperature, typically one consisting of a
narrow, hermetically sealed glass tube marked with graduations and having at one end a
bulb containing mercury or alcohol which extends along the tube as it expands. Examples
include liquid-in-glass thermometers, spring thermometers, industrial gas thermometers,
digital thermometers, and liquid crystal thermometers

Question 3

1. T(°C)= T(°F)-32/1.8= 65-32/1.8= 18.3°C

T(°C)= T(°F)-32/1.8= 75-32/1.8 = 23.9°C
2. T(R)=T(°F)=10R
T(C)=T(°F)/1.8=10/1.8 = 5.6°C
T(K)=T(°C)= 5.6K
Therefore, the units °C and K in the SI system and °F and R in the English System are
interchangeable when dealing with temperature differences.

Question 4

1. Macroscopic forms of energy are possessed by a system as a whole compared to a specified

outside reference. Potential and kinetic energies are examples of macroscopic energy forms.
Whereas, the forms of energy associated with the molecular structure and level of activity
are termed as microscopic forms of energy.
2. The total energy is the sum of all forms of energy of a system. Total energy consists of
internal, kinetic, and potential energy for simple compressible systems. Internal energy
 represents the molecular energy of a system and may exist in sensible, latent, chemical, and
nuclear forms.
3. Specific KE=E/m
Specific KE=1/2×v^2
Specific KE=1/2×30^2=450J/kg= 0.450kj/kg
4. P=p/m=gH
P=9.8×50
P=490J=0.0490kJ
5. The stationary system arises when the concentration of the intermediate components no
longer varies with time
Equation = Total energy = internal energy +KE+PE
6. Equation for conservation of energy=Em=K+U
The total mechanical energy of a system is the sum of the total kinetic energy and total
potential energy. Knowing this will allow us to use it in problem solving strategies and
principles in conservation of energy.