Algebra 4

Chapter 1 Functions

Section 1 Functions
(A1) 1. The domain of a relation S is D = {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25}.
S assigns to each value x in D a value y defined by the rule y = ± x .
a. Find the range R of the relation.
b. Show that this relation is not a function.
c. Graph the relation on a coordinate plane.

(A2)
) x 2 + 1 . Find u ( x + 1) and simply.
2. Given a function u defined by u ( x=
(A3) 3. Find the domain of the function f in each case.
2x x+4
a) f ( x) = b) f ( x) = 2
4 x + 12 x − 10 x + 21

(A4) 4. [G1] The graph of each relation whose graph is shown consists of the curve
drawn and any of the dots, whenever applicable.
Pick the relation that defines a function. Select all that apply.
y y y

x x x
O O O

y y y

x x x
O O O

(A5) 5. [G1] Given f (x) = −5x2 − 4x + 9, find f (−5).

(A6) 6. [G1] Which of the following is true?
Select all that apply.
The domain of f ( x= ) x + 5 is the set of all real numbers greater than or
equal to −5.
The domain of f ( x= ) x + 5 is the set of all real numbers except −5.
The domain of g (x) = x − 8x is the set of all whole numbers.
2

The domain of g (x) = x2 − 8x is the set of all real numbers except 8.

1
The domain of h ( x ) = is the set of all real numbers except −1.
x +1
1
The domain of h ( x ) = is the set of all real numbers.
x +1

Level L | 1
 Algebra 4

(S97) 16 x + 3
7. [G3] Find the minimum value of k for the rational expression to
x − 11x − 12
2

be defined for all values x > k.

(S98) 8. [G3] Find the value of x for which the function

48
f ( x) = is undefined.
( x − 7 ) − 14 ( x − 7 ) + 49
2

(S99) 9. [G3] The profit p, in dollars, from selling k kilograms of potatoes can be
expressed as a function of the number of kilograms of potatoes, k. Give the
interpretation of the equation p(20) = 50.

(S100) 10. [G3] If f(x) = 9x − 5, find the function that is equal to f(–5x).

(S101) 11. [G3] If f(x) = 5ax2 + 3bx, where a and b are constants, and f(–5) = 60, find
the value of 50a − 6b.

Level L | 2
 Algebra 4

Section 2 Types of Functions

(A7) 12. Show that the function g defined by g(x) = 4x2 − 25 is not one-to-one.

(A8) 13. Show that the function h defined by h(x) = 2x − 3 is one-to-one.

(A9) 14. Consider the function h(x) = (x − 4)2, x ∈ R.

Find a one-to-one function defined by the same rule as h and has a maximal
domain.

(A10) 15. Explain why the function g given by g(x) = x2 − 1, with domain and final sets
both being R, is not onto.

(A11) 16. Explain why the function h given by h(x) = 2x − 1, with domain and final sets
both being R, is onto.
(A12) 17. Show that the function f given by the rule y = f (x) = |x| is an even function.
(A13) 18. Show that the function h defined by the rule y = h(x) = x4 + 4x is not an even
function.

(A14)
4
19. Show that the function u defined by the rule y = u(x) = is an odd function.
x
(A15) 20. Show that the function h defined by the rule y = h(x) = x3 + 5x2 is not an odd
function.
(A16) 21. [G1] The graph of each function whose graph is shown consists of the curve
drawn or the dots, whenever applicable.
Pick the function that is 1-1. Select all that apply.
y y y

x x x
O O O

y y y

x x x
O O O

Level L | 3
 Algebra 4

(S103) 22. [G3] Find the range of the graph of the equation f(x) = |2x − 5| − 4.

Section 3 Composite Functions

(A17) 23. Let f (x) = x and g(x) = x − 1. Find the domain of f  g .

(A18) 24. Let f (x) = x and g(x) = x2. Find the domain of g  f .

x
(A19) 25. Let f(x) = x2 and h( x) = . Find the rule for each of f  h and h  f and
x −1

deduce the domain of each function.

(A20) 26. [G1] Let f (x) = −4x + 5 and g(x) = x2 + 10. Evaluate ( f  g )(2) .

(A21) 27. [G1] Let f (x) = 4x − 2 and g(x) = 3x2 − 8x + 5. The rule for ( g  f )( x) can be
expressed as ( g  f )( x) = ax2 − bx + c, where, a, b, and c are whole numbers
to be determined. Give only the value of c for your answer.

(S102) 28. [G3] If f and g are functions such that f(−3) = –5, f(7) = –1, g(4) = 7, and
g (–5) = 6, find the value of f(g(4)) + g(f(−3)).
(S120) 29. [G3]
y
6
y = f(x)5
y = g(x)
4
3
2
1
x
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2
In the xy-plane above, the graphs of the linear function g and the quadratic
function f intersect at the two points (1, 3) and (4, 1). What is the value of
f(g(0))?

Level L | 4
 Algebra 4

Section 4 Inverse Relations and Inverse Functions

(A22) 30. Let h (x) = 2x + 1. Find the rule for h-1.

−4 x + 1
(A23) 31. Let g ( x) =
3x + 7
( )
Find the rule for g−1. Verify that g  g −1 ( x) = x and

( −1
)
g  g ( x) = x .

(A24) 32. Consider the quadratic function h given by h(x) = y = 4(x + 1)2 + 8.
a. Give a maximal interval over which the function is invertible.
b. Find the rule of the inverse for this interval.
(A25) 33. The graph below is the graph of a 1-1 function. Draw, on the same set of
axes, the graph of the inverse function.
4 y
3
2
1
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
−1
−2
−3
−4

(A26) 34. [G1] Let f (x) = 3x − 4. What is the value of f −1(116)?

−5 x + 2
(A27) 35. [G1] Let f ( x ) = . The rule for f −1 can be expressed as
3x − 1
x+2
f −1 ( x ) = , where m and n are whole numbers to be determined.
nx + m
Give the value of m × n for your answer.

Level L | 5
 Algebra 4

(A28) 36. [T] Given: f : x → − x 2 + 2 x + 3

x
g:x→ , x ≠ −3
x+3
h : x → 5x − 4

a. Solve f ( x ) = 0 .
b. Find g −1 ( x ) .
c. Find f g ( −6 ) .
d. Find g f ( x ) .
e. Find h −1 ( x ) .
f. Find f h ( x ) .

x −5
(A29) 37. [T] a. f ( x ) = and g ( x=) x3 − 2 .
2
i. Find the value of x such that f ( x )= 5 + 2 x .
ii. Find the inverse of f ( x ) .
iii. Find the value of g f ( −1) − f g ( 3) .
iv. Find f g ( x ) , giving your answer in simplest form.
1
b. Given h ( x ) = .
xx
i. Find h ( −3) .
ii. Find the value of h (1.5) , giving your answer to 4 significant figures.
iii. Give a reason as to why h ( −0.5) is not a real number.

(A30) 38. [T] The function f (x) is given by f (x) = 4 x + 8 .

a. Find each of the following in its simplest form.
i. f ( f ( x ) )
ii. f −1 ( f ( x) )
x
b. Given f (x) = , x ≥ 0.
2
i. Calculate f  1  .
9
1
ii. Solve f (x) = .
3

Level L | 6
 Algebra 4

x −1 1
(A31)
) x 2 − 4 g ( x) =
39. [T] f ( x= h( x ) =
x+2 2x
a. Find
i. f h ( −2)
ii. f g  1 
2
−1
iii. g ( x)
iv. h −1h(3)
b. Write f ( x) − g ( x) as a single fraction in lowest terms.

1
(A32) 40. [T] f ( x ) = g ( x ) = x3 h ( x ) = 2 x −1
x+2
a. Find f (−5) .
b. Find x, if h( x) = 32 .
c. Find f g ( −2) .
d. Find f g ( x ) + g ( x ) + 1 . Give your answer in simplest form.
e. Find f −1 ( x) .

2x +1
(A33) 41. [T] f ( x) = −3 x g ( x) = h( x ) = 1 − x 2
2
a. Find g   .
1
3
b. Solve 2 f ( x) = −3 g ( x) .
c. Find f h ( x ) in simplest form.
d. Calculate hh( −2) .
e. Find g −1 ( x ) .
3 + kx + mx 2
f. hg f ( x ) = , where k and m are integers. Find the values of k
4
and m

Level L | 7
 Algebra 4

2x +1
(X16) 42. [G2] Given: f : x → x 2 + x − 6 , g : x → 2 x − 4 , and k : x → , x ≠ 1.
x −1

a. What are the roots of f (x) = 0?

b. What is the value of g−1(40)?

c. What is the value of gf (3)?

d. What is f g(x)?

e. What is the value of k−1(3)?

f. What is k g(x)?
^
(X17) 43. [G2] Given: f : x → 3 x − 4 , g : x → 1 − x 2 and k : x → x x .
a. For what value of x, f (x) = 6 – 2x?

b. Find the inverse of f (x).

c. Find the value of gf (2) – fg(2).

d. Find fg(x).

e. To 6 significant figures, what is the value of k ( 6.5 ) ?

x+5
^(X18) 44. [G2] Given: f : x → 6 x − 1 and g : x → , x ≠ 0.
3x
a. Write each of the following in its simplest form.
f −1 ( f ( x) )
f ( f ( x) )

b. Find g   .
1
6
1
c. For what value of x is g(x) = ?
6
^

Level L | 8
 Algebra 4

3
(X19) 45. [G2] Given: f : x → 3 x − 1 , g : x → , x ≠ −1, and h : x → 5 x.
1+ x
a. Find:
i. fh(2)
ii. gf  
1
3
−1
iii. g ( x)
iv. h −1h(2)
b. Write f ( x) + g ( x) as a single fraction in lowest terms.
^
(X20) 46. [G2] Given: f : x → 5 x + 4 , g : x → x 2 + 3, and h( x) =
2 x.
Find:
a. ff (−2)
b. g (2 x + 1)

c. f −1 ( x)
d. x, if f ( x) = 44 .
e. h(0.3) , correct to 3 significant figures
f. x when h( x) = 4, 096
^
(X21) 47. [G2] Given: f ( x=
) 2 x +=
3 , g ( x) 3=
x 2 , h( x) 4 x , and K(x) = x4 +3.
Find:

a. g(–3)

b. x, if f (x) = 33

c. fh(3)

d. gf (x) + f (x) – 1

e. the rule for K–1

Level L | 9
 Algebra 4

(X22) 48. [G2] Given: f : x → 1 − x , g : x → 3 x + 1, and h( x) = 3 x 2 + 2.

a. Find f (–3)

b. Solve for x: 2f (x) = –g(x)

c. Find gf (x)

d. Find hh(–1)

e. Find g–1(x).

f. Find hgf (x)

Section 5 Logarithmic Functions

(A34) 49. Evaluate each expression.

a) log 10 108 b) log 2 64
c) log 10 (0.001) d) log 32 64
(A35) 50. Give the domain of definition of each of the following functions.
a) y = log 2 (x + 4) b) y = log 10 x2 c) y = log 4 |x − 1|
(A36) 51. Simplify.
a) log 2 24 + log 2 10 − log 2 15 b) log 2 3 32

(A37) 52. Solve log 3 (x − 1) = 5.

(A38) 53. Given that log 2 (0.451) ≈ −1.15, estimate the value of log 8 (0.451) to two
decimal places.

Level L | 10
 Algebra 4

Chapter 2 Graphing Functions

Section 1 The Absolute Value Function

(A39) 1. On the same set of axes, graph y = | x | and the graphs of the following
functions in the same diagram.
a. y = 2.5| x |
b. y = 2 + | x |
c. y = −(2 + | x |)
d. y = | x − 1 |

(A40) 2. On the same set of axes, graph y = | x − 2 | and y = | −x − 2 |.

(A41) 3. a. Explain how to obtain the graph of y = −2|x − 1| + 1 from the graph of
y = |x|.
b. Draw the graph of y = −2|x − 1| + 1, identifying the points at x = −1, x = 1,
and x = 3.

(A42) 4. Describe the special features of the graph of y = 2.5|4x − 10| − 1.5.
(A43) 5. [G1] The V-shaped graph below is the graph of a function f involving absolute
value. What is the value of f (40)? [Hint: Find the rule of f and then substitute
40 for x.]
y
6
4
2

−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 x
−2
−4
−6

Level L | 11
 Algebra 4

Section 2 Quadratic Functions

(A44) 6. On the same set of axes, graph y = x2 and the graphs of the following functions
in the same diagram.
a. y = 2x2
b. y = x2 + 1
c. y = (x − 2)2
d. y = −x2

(A45) 7. On the same set of axes, graph y = (x − 1)2 and y = (−x − 1)2.

(A46) 8. a. Explain how to obtain the graph of y = −2(x − 1)2 + 2 from the graph of
y = x2.
b. Sketch the graph of y = −2(x − 1)2 + 2, identifying the points at x = 0,
at x = 2, and at x = 3.

(A47) 9. Express y = g(x) = −2x2 − 8x + 1 in canonical form and deduce the special
features of the graph of g.
(A48) 10. An object is thrown vertically upwards. The equation of the motion of this
object is given by h(t) = −16t2 + 160t + 10, where h is the height, in feet, of
the object and t is the time, in seconds, since the object has been in motion.
What is the maximum height that the object reaches and when does it occur?
(A49)
11. The profit P, in thousands of dollars, made by a factory from manufacturing x
items is given by P = −2x2 + 160x − 1,400. The graph of P versus x is shown
below.
P
2
Profit in $1,000

x
0
20 40 60 80

−2
Number of items
a. What does the part of the graph below the x-axis indicate in terms of profit?
b. For what values of x does the profit increase?
c. For what values of x does the profit decrease?
d. For what values of x is the profit equal to zero?
e. For what value of x is the profit maximum? What is the maximum profit?

Level L | 12
 Algebra 4

(A50) 12. [G1] In canonical form, f (x) = 5x2 − 40x − 32 is written as

f (x) = 5(x − h)2 − k, where h and k are whole numbers to be determined.
Give only the value of k.
(A51) 13. [G1] The parabola shown below is the graph of a function f. What is the
value of f (12)?
[Hint: Find the rule of f and then substitute 12 for x.]
y
6
4
2

−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 x
−2
−4
−6

(A52) 14. [G1] Which of the following is true about the graph of y = −3(x − 1)2 − 5?
It opens upwards.
It opens downwards.
The vertex is at (−1, −5).
The vertex is the highest point on the graph.
The range of values of y is all real numbers such that y ≥ −5.
x = 1 is the axis of symmetry of the graph.

(S104) 15. [G3] The graph of the parabola y = 5x2 − ax + b has its vertex at (3, 2). Find
the values of a and b.
(S105) 16. [G3] When a body falls freely under its own weight, its height after t seconds
is given in feet by the equation h = –16t2 + k, where k is the initial height of
the body. If a rock falls freely from a height of 200 feet, what would be its
height, in feet, after 3 seconds?
(S106) 17. [G3] A ball was thrown upwards from a height of 4 meters. It reached a
maximum altitude of 6 meters above the ground after 3 seconds, and then
fell back towards the ground.
Express the altitude h of the ball from the ground as a quadratic function in t,
the time since it was thrown.
(S107) 18. [G3] The graph of the equation y = x2 – 18x + 81 in the xy-plane is a
parabola. Find its vertex by writing the equation in an equivalent form.

Level L | 13
 Algebra 4

(S108) 19. [G3] The equations y = (x + 4)2 – 81, y = x2 + 8x – 65, and y = (x + 13)(x − 5)
represent the same parabola in the xy-plane. Find the x-intercepts and the y-
intercept of this parabola.

(S109) 20. [G3] Frank uses the expression −(x – 20)2 + 350 to calculate the profit, in
dollars, from making x children's electric cars available for rent. What is the
number of children's electric cars Frank has to make available for rent for the
profit to be maximized?
(S127) 21. [G3] The graph of the equation y = x2 – x – 42 in the xy-plane is a parabola.
An equivalent form of the equation in which the x-intercepts of its graph
appear as constants or coefficients is y = (x – a)(x − b). Find a and b.

Section 3 Graphing Other Functions

(A53) 22. Show that the graph of f given by y = f (x) = x3 + 2x is symmetric about the
origin.

2
(A54) 23. Consider the function f given by y = f ( x) = − .
x
a. Show f is an odd function. How does this affect the symmetry of its graph?
b. Does the graph of f have any asymptotes? If so, identify each one.
c. Sketch the graph of the function f, identifying the points at x = −2, x = −1,
x = 1, and x = 2.
2x
(A55) 24. Consider the function f given by = y f= ( x) .
x −1
a. Identify the asymptotes of the graph of f.
b. Sketch the graph of f, identifying the points at x = −1, x = 0, x = 2, and
x = 3.
c. Deduce the range of f.

5
(A56) =
25. Show that the function f given by y f=
( x) is an even function.
x −1
2

Deduce the symmetric properties of its graph.

(A57) 26. a. Fill in the missing entries in the table below and use the points obtained to
draw the graph of y = −0.5(2x).
x −2 −1 0 1 2 3
y −1/8
b. Explain how to deduce the graph of y = 2 − 0.5(2x) and draw it on the
same coordinate plane.

Level L | 14
 Algebra 4

− ( x 3 + x ) is an odd function.
1
(A58) 27. Show that the function g given by y =
g ( x) =
4
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 0 −0.5 −2.5 −7.5 −17
Use the points provided in the table above along with the symmetric
properties of the function to draw its graph.

(A59) 28. [T] Consider the graph of the function y = 3x2 − 2 for −1.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5 as shown
below.
6 y
5
y = 3x2 − 2
4
3
2
1
x
−1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
−1
−2
−3
−4
a. Write down the equation of the line of symmetry of the graph.
b. Draw the tangent to the curve at the point where x = −0.5. Find the gradient
of this tangent.
c. The table below shows some values for y = −x3 + 3x + 1.
x −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
−0.12
y 3.0
5
i. Complete the table.
ii. Draw the graph of y = −x3 + 3x + 1 for −1.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5.
d. Show that the values of x where the two curves intersect are the solutions
of the equation −x3 − 3x2 + 3x + 3 = 0.
e. By drawing a suitable straight line, solve the equation −x3 + 5x + 1 = 0 for
−1.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5.

Level L | 15
 Algebra 4

(S110) 29. [G3]

y
3
f(x)
2
1
x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
The figure above shows the graph of function f. Function h is defined by
h(x) = f(x) + k, where k is a natural number. For what value of k does the
function h have exactly one real zero?

Section 4 Graphical Solutions

(A60) 30. The graph of y = g(x) = x3 − 3x2 + 2 is shown below. Use the graph to find the
approximate values of the roots of x3 − 3x2 + 2 = 0.
y
4

2
x
−4 −2 0 2 4

−2

−4

Level L | 16
 Algebra 4

(A61) 31. The graph of y = g(x) is shown below along with the graph of y = x.
4 y

2
x
−4 −2 0 2 4

−2

−4
a. What is the number of distinct roots of the equation x = g(x)? Estimate
these roots.
b. Is there any real number k such that the equation x + k = g(x) has no roots?
Explain.
c. Give a value of k for which the equation x + k = g(x) has exactly three
roots.
(A62) 32. Below is the graph of y = x2.
y
4

2
x
−4 −2 0 2 4

Use the graph to solve the equation x2 − | x − 2| = 0.

(A63) 33. Below are the graphs of y = 4 − x2 and y = | x + 2|.

y
4

2
x
−4 −2 0 2 4

−2

−4

Based on the graphs, define the set of all values of x for which 4 − x2 < | x + 2|.

Level L | 17
 Algebra 4

(A64) 34. A man bought a car and a painting in 2018. He paid $40,000 for the car and
$10,000 for the painting. The value of the car depreciates by a factor of 0.75
per year. That is, its value t years after it was purchased is given by
V(t) = y = 40,000(0.75t). The graph of V is shown in the diagram below.
40 y

32
Value in $1,000

24

16

t
0 2 4 6 8 10
Years since 2018
The value of the painting appreciates at the rate of $2,000 each year. That is,
its value t years after it was purchased is given by v(t) = y = 10,000 + 2,000t.
Graph v on the coordinate plane above and determine in what year,
approximately, both items will have the same value.

Level L | 18
 Algebra 4

x3 1
(A65) 35. [T] Consider the function y =+ 2 , x ≠ 0.
4 2x
a. Complete the table of values for the function y. Give your answer correct to
one decimal place.
x −3 −2 −1 −0.5 −0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3
y −6.7 2.0 12.5 5.6 0.8 2.1 6.8

x3 1
b. On the grid, draw the graph of =
y + 2 for −3 ≤ x ≤ −0.2 and
4 2x
0.2 ≤ x ≤ 3.
y
12
10
8
6
4
2
x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
−2
−4
−6
c. i. By drawing a suitable tangent, find an estimate of the gradient of the curve at
x = 2.
ii. Write down the equation of the tangent to the curve at x = 2. Give your
answer in the form y = mx + c.
d. Use the graph obtained to solve the following equations.
x3 1
i. + 2 = 0
4 2x
x3 1
ii. + 2 −4= 0
4 2x
x3 1
e. The equation + 2 −4= 0 can be written in the form axn − bxn − 3 + 2 = 0.
4 2x
Find the values of a, b, and n.

Level L | 19
 Algebra 4

(A66) 36. [T] a. i. Consider the function y = 2x and fill in the blanks to complete the
table below.
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 2 4 16
ii. Consider the function y = 5 − x2 and fill in the blanks to complete the
table below.
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 5 1 −11

b. On the grid below, draw the graphs of y = 2x and y = 5 − x2 for

0 ≤ x ≤ 4.
y
15

10

x
0 1 2 3 4

−5

−10
c. Use the graphs to solve the equations.
i. 2x = 10
ii. 2x = 7 − x2, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.
d. i. On the grid, draw the line from the point (3, 0) that has a gradient of −2.
ii. Complete the statement below.
This straight line is a ______________ to the graph of y = 5 − x2 at the point
(1, 4).

Level L | 20
 Algebra 4

(A67) 37. [T] Consider the diagram below that shows the graph of y = f (x) for
−1 ≤ x ≤ 3.
6 y
5
4
3
2
1
x
−1 0 1 2 3
−1

−2
−3
−4
a. Find f (0.8).
b. Solve f (x) = 2.2.
c. The equation f (x) = k has only one solution for −1 ≤ x ≤ 3. Find the range of
values of k in this case.
d. By drawing a suitable straight line, solve the equation f (x) = 2x − 1.
e. Draw a tangent to the graph of y = f (x) at the point where x = 2 and estimate
the gradient.

Level L | 21
 Algebra 4

(A68) 38. [T] Consider the graph of the function f (x) = 6 − 3x2 given below for
−1.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5.
8 y
7
6
5
y = 6 − 3x2
4
3
2
1
x
−2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
−1
−2

a. Use the graph to solve the equation f (x) = 3.

b. i. Draw the tangent to the graph y = f (x) at the point (1, 3).
ii. Using the tangent line, estimate the gradient of y = f (x) when x = 1.
c. Consider the function g(x) = 3x.
i. Complete the table for g(x) = 3x.
x −1.5 −1 0 1 1.5
1
y 0.2 5.2
3
ii. On the same grid, draw the graph of y = g(x) for −1.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5.
d. Use the graph obtained to solve the following.
i. f (x) = g(x)
ii. f (x) > g(x)
e. What value does g(x) approach as x decreases?

Level L | 22
 Algebra 4

(A69) 39. [T] Consider the table below that shows some values for y = 2x3 − 3x2.
x −1 −0.6 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
y −1.5 0 −1 0
a. Complete the given table.
b. Draw the graph of y = 2x3 − 3x2 for −1 ≤ x ≤ 2 on the grid below.
5 y
4
3
2
1
x
−2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
c. Find the number of solutions to the equation 2x3 − 3x2 = −1.
d. i. The equation 2x3 − 3x2 − x = −1 can be solved by drawing a straight line
on the grid. Find the equation of this line.
ii. Use the graph obtained to solve the equation 2x3 − 3x2 − x = −1.
e. The tangent to the graph of y = 2x3 − 3x2 has a negative gradient when
x = k. Give the range of k as an inequality.

Level L | 23
 Algebra 4

(A70) 40. [T] Consider the function f (x) = x3 − 4x2 + 3.

a. Complete the table of input-output values for y = f (x).
x −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
y −9.4 1.9 2.1 −2.6
b. On the grid below, draw the graph of y = f (x) for −1.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5.
y
5

x
−1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

−5

−10
c. Use the graph to solve the equation f (x) = 0 for −1.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5.
d. By drawing a suitable tangent, estimate the gradient of the graph of
y = f (x) when x = 1.
e. By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, solve the equation
x3 − 4x2 + x + 6 = 0 for −1.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5.

2
(A71) 41. [T] A table of values for y = − is given below. (The values for y are
x2
correct to 1 decimal place).
x −4 −3 −2 −1 −0.6 0.6 1 2 3 4
y −0.1 −0.2 −0.5 −2 −5.6 −5.6 −2 −0.5 −0.2 −0.1
2
a. Draw the graph of y = − 2 .
x
b. Draw the line y = −2 x − 4 on your graph.
2
c. Using your graph, solve − 2 = −2 x − 4 .
x
d. By drawing a suitable tangent to your curve, estimate the gradient of the
curve at x = 1.

Level L | 24
 Algebra 4

(A72) 42. [T]

x −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

f (x) −21 0 6 3 −3 −6 0 21

a. Draw the curve y = f ( x ) for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −21 ≤ y ≤ 21 .

b. Using your graph, find the roots of f ( x ) .
c. On the same grid, draw h ( x ) =− x − 2 for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 .
d. Write down the values of
i. h (1)
ii. f h (1)
iii. h (1.5)
−1

iv. the positive solution of f ( x ) = h ( x )

e. By drawing a suitable tangent, estimate the gradient of the curve at x = −2.
(A73) 43. [T]
x −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 6 −11.25 −15 −9.75 0 9.75 15 11.25 −6
a. Using a scale of 1.6 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 0.65 cm to
represent 2 units on the y-axis, draw axes for −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 and −16 ≤ y ≤ 16
. Draw the curve y = f(x).
b. Use your graph to find the roots of f (x).
c. On the same grid, draw h(x) = 5x − 1 for −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 .
d. Write down the value of
i. h (0.6)
ii. f h (0.6)
iii. h −1 ( 2 )
iv. the positive solution of f(x) = h(x).
e. By drawing a suitable tangent, estimate the gradient of the curve at x = 3.

Level L | 25
 Algebra 4

5
(A74) 44. [T] A table of values for y = − is given below.
x3
(The values for y are correct to 1 decimal place.)
x −4 −3 −2 −1 −0.8 0.8 1 2 3 4
y 0.1 0.2 0.6 5 9.8−9.8 −5 −0.6 −0.2 −0.1
a. Using a scale of 1.3 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 0.65 cm to
5
represent 1 unit on the y-axis, draw the graph of y = − 3 .
x
b. Draw the line y = −0.75x + 1.5 on your graph.
5
c. Use your graph to solve − 3 = −0.75 x + 1.5 .
x
d. By drawing a suitable tangent to your curve, estimate the gradient of the
curve at x = −2.
(S118) 45. [G3]
y

x
–4 O 4
–4

In the xy-plane, the graph above represents a polynomial function of degree

four. How many distinct real zeros does this function have?
(S119) 46. [G3]
y

x
–8 –4 O 4 8
−4

–8

–12

The function graphed in the xy-plane above may be represented by the

equation
2
y = k(x – a)(x – b)(x – c) . What is the value of c?

Level L | 26
 Algebra 4

(S121) 47. [G3]

y

A B

y = g(x) y = f(x)

x
O

The figure above shows the graphs of functions f and g in the xy-plane where
they intersect at two points A and B. If f(x) = 4x2 – 10 and g(x) = x2 + 17,
what are the coordinates of the points of intersection A and B?
^

Level L | 27
 Algebra 4

Chapter 3 Quadratic Equations

Section 1 Quadratic Equations

(A75) 1. Solve 3x2 − 2x − 5 = 0 by factoring.

(A76) 2. Solve 2x2 − 15 = 3.

(A77) 3. Solve 2x2 + 25 = 7.

(A78) 4. Solve 5(x − 2)2 − 1 = 124.

(A79) 5. A boat is sailing 144 km upstream a river, and then back the same distance
downstream. The total duration of the trip is 10 hours. If the speed of the
current in the river is 6 km/hr, what is the speed of the boat in still water?

2
(A80) 6. [G1] One root of 5x2 + 58x − 24 = 0 is . What is the other root?
5

(A81) 7. [G1] If a and b are whole numbers and 4(x − a)2 = b is equivalent to
4x2 − 24x − 112 = 0, what is the value of b?

(A82) 8. [G1] Solve 3x2 + 8x − 3 = 0 by completing the square.

(S123) 9. [G3] A gift shop uses the equation A= 6x2 + 16 to calculate the area A, in
square inches, of wrapping paper needed to wrap a gift in the shape of a cube
with side length x inches. What is the side length of a cubic gift that requires
400 square inches of wrapping paper?

(S124) 10. [G3] Solve (x + 9)(x − 8) = −42.

(S125) 11. [G3] Find the value of (x – 6)2 if x2 – 12x = 30, and x > 0.
(S126) 12. [G3] The profit of a baker from making k chocolate cakes is given by the
k ( k + 20 )
expression . For what value of k is the baker’s profit $150?
2

(S131) 13. [G3] Solve the equation m2 – 19 = 17.

Level L | 28
 Algebra 4

Section 2 The Quadratic Formula

(A83) 14. In each case, determine whether the equation has two distinct real roots, one
repeated root, or no real roots.
a) 2x2 + 4x = 1 b) 25x2 − 10x + 1 = 0 c) x2 + 5x + 7 = 0

(A84) 15. Consider the quadratic equation 2x2 + 2x − 1 = 0.

a. Find the roots of the equation.
b. Verify the rules for the sum and the product of the roots.

(A85) 16. The sum of two numbers is 2 and their product is −4. Find the numbers.
(A86) 17. Find x if the area of the L-shaped figure in the diagram below is 20 cm2.
x
4x − 1
4
x

4± k
(A87) 18. [G1] The roots of 2x2 − 8x + 5 = 0 are , where k is a whole number to
2
be determined. What is the value of k?

(A88) 19. [G1] What is the sum of the roots of −3x2 − 36x + 14 = 0?

(A89) 20. [T] Given the curve (C) with equation y =x3 − 27 x + 4 .
a. Find the coordinates of each of the stationary points and determine their
nature.
b. The point M, on the curve (C), has x-coordinate 1.
Find the equation of the tangent to (C) at M.
(A90) 21. [T] The displacement, s meters, of a car from a fixed point at time t seconds
is given by s =t 3 − 6t 2 + 24t + 7 .
a. Calculate the value of s when t = 3.
b. Find the distance traveled in the 3rd second.
c. Calculate the value of t when the acceleration is 12 m/s2.
d. Is there any time t when the particle is at rest? Justify.

Level L | 29
 Algebra 4

(A91) 22. [T] a. The distance-time graph below shows the journey of a cyclist.

24 NOT TO
SCALE

18

Distance
(km)

0
09:00 09:30 09:45 10:15 11:05
Time
i. Find the speed of the cyclist between 09:00 and 09:30.
ii. Find the average speed of the cyclist for the whole journey.
b. The speed-time graph below shows the first 30 minutes of another cyclist’s
journey.

V NOT TO
SCALE
Speed
(km/h)

0
08:00 08:09 08:21 08:30
Time
The distance travelled is 7 km. The maximum speed of the cyclist is V km/h.
i. Find the value of V.
ii. Compute the acceleration, in m/s2, of the cyclist during the first 9 minutes.
(S132) 23. [G3] Solve the quadratic equation x2 – 8x + 1 = 0.
(S133) 24. [G3] If a and b are the solutions to the equation x2 – 17x + 9 = 0, what is the
value of a2 + b2?

Level L | 30
 Algebra 4

Section 3 Complex Numbers

(A92) 25. Find x and y if 2 − 6xi = 8y − (4x + 3y)i, where x and y are real numbers.

(A93) 26. Given the two complex numbers z = −2 − i and w = 7 + 3i.

a) Find 5z + 3w. b) Find 4z − w.

(A94) 27. Solve x2 + 2x = −20.

(A95) 28. Factor 5x2 + 125 over the set of complex numbers.
(A96) 29. Factor x2 + 8x + 25 over the set of complex numbers.

(A97) 30. [G1] When (−3 + 2i)(5 − 9i) is expressed in the form a + bi, it is equal to
3 + ki, where k is a whole number to be determined. What is the value of k?
(S134) 31. [G3] Write (–3 + 6i) – (1 – 2i) in the form a + bi.

(S135) 32. [G3] Write (2 + i)(3 – 4i) in the form a + bi.

Section 4 The Sign of a Quadratic Trinomial

(A98) 33. Study the sign of x2 − 4 and deduce the solution of x2 ≤ 4.

(A99) 34. Study the sign of 3x2 + 2x + 10 and deduce the solution of
3x2 + 2x + 10 ≥ 0.
(A100) 35. Study the sign of 4x2 + 20x + 25 and deduce the solution of
4x2 + 20x + 25 > 0.

(A101) 36. Study the sign of 16x2 − 8x + 1 and deduce the solution of 16x2 − 8x < −1.

( 2 x − 1)( x − 2 ) < 0
(A102) 37. Solve the system of inequalities  .
 2x − x +1 < 0
2

x ( x − 5)
(A103) 38. Solve > 0.
x −1

Level L | 31
 Algebra 4

(A104) 39. [G1] Which of the following is true?

Select all that apply.
2
3(x − 4)(3x + 2) > 0 for all real numbers x, x < − or x > 4.
3
3(x − 4)(3x + 2) < 0 for all real numbers x.
2
3(x − 4)(3x + 2) > 0 for all real numbers x between − and 4.
3
2
−3(x − 4)(3x + 2) > 0 for all real numbers x between − and 4.
3
−3(x − 4)(3x + 2) < 0 for all real numbers x.
−3(x − 4)(3x + 2) = 0 whenever x = 0.

Section 5 Range of Values

(A105) 40. Express using interval notation.

a) The set of all values of x satisfying 0 < x < 10.
b) The set of all values of x satisfying 0 ≤ x < 1.
c) The set of all values of x satisfying x < −2.

(A106) 41. Find the range of values of f (x) = x2 − 4x + 5 and deduce the range of values
2
= of P( x) +1.
x − 4x + 5
2

(A107) 42. Find the range of values of f (x) = −2x2 + x − 4 and deduce the range of
1
=
values of g ( x ) − 2.
−2 x + x − 4
2

(A108) 43. Find the range of values of f (x) = x2 − x − 6 and deduce the range of values
2
= of P ( x ) + 10 .
x − x−6
2

(A109) 44. Find the range of values of f (x) = x2 − 4x + 4 and deduce the range of values
−2
= of P( x) +1 .
x − 4x + 4
2

(A110) 45. Find the maximum area of a rectangular region whose perimeter is 120 m.

Level L | 32
 Algebra 4

Chapter 4 Polynomial Equations

Section 1 Division of Polynomials

(A111) 1. Divide 4x4 − 5x3 + 8x2 − 3x − 6 by (x + 2) using the division algorithm.

(A112) 2. Divide 2x4 − x2 + 1 by (x − 1) using synthetic division.

(A113) 3. Divide 2x3 + x2 + 2x by (2x − 3) using synthetic division.

(A114) 4. Show that P(x) = 2x3 − 11x2 + 14x − 3 is divisible by (x − 1.5) and express
P(x) as a product of two factors.
(A115) 5. A shipping company sells boxes of different sizes to its customers. The
volume of a rectangular box is expressed in cubic inches as
V(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 7x − 6. The height of the box h is given in inches by the
expression (x + 2) and the dimensions of the base are linear factors in x.
a. Derive an expression for the area of the base.
b. Derive expressions for the dimensions of the base.
c. What are the dimensions of the base if the box has a square base?
(A116) 6. [G1] After performing the first step in the long division below, what number
is obtained for the coefficient of x2 in the quotient?
5 x3 + ? x 2
3x − 5 15 x 4 + 11x3 + 3x 2 + 5 x + 4

(S141) 9 x − 10
7. [G3] The expression may be rewritten in an equivalent form given by
5x + 2
b
a+ , where a and b are constants. Find a and b.
5x + 2

5x2 − 9 x + 7 9
(S142) 8. [G3] Find the value of m for which the equation = 5x + m + ,
x−2 x−2
where m is a constant, is true for all values of x and x ≠ 2.

Level L | 33
 Algebra 4

Section 2 The Remainder Theorem

(A117) 9. For what value of the constant m is P(x) = x3 + (5m − 5)x2 − (2m − 1)x
divisible by
(x + 1)?

(A118) 10. Given P(x) = 2x4 − 5x3 − 30x2 + 15x + 40. Use synthetic division to find the
value of P(5).
(A119) 11. The volume V of a melting ice cube after being taken from a freezer is given
in cubic centimeters by V(t) = 20 − 2t + 5t2 − 2t3, where t is the time elapsed
in minutes. Use synthetic division to evaluate the volume of the ice cube 3
minutes after being taken out of the freezer.

(A120) 12. [G1] What is the remainder when P(x) = 4x4 + 15 is divided by (x − 2)?

x3 + 2 x 2 + 4 x + 5 3
(S157) 13. [G3] = x 2 + bx + c −
x−a x−a
In the equation above, a, b, and c are constants. Find the value of a that
makes the equation true for all values x ≠ a.

Section 3 Rational Roots

(A121) 14. Consider the polynomial P(x) = 27x3 − 108x2 + 144x − 64.
a. Show that 4/3 is a root of P(x).
b. Find all the roots of P(x). What is the multiplicity of the root 4/3?

(A122) 15. Consider the polynomial U(x) = 6x3 + 17x2 − 4x − 3.

a. List all possible rational roots of U(x).
b. Factor U(x) completely and determine all of its roots.

(A123) 16. Consider the polynomial R(x) = x3 − 6x2 + 13x − 10.

Factor R(x) completely and determine all of its roots.

(A124) 17. The dimensions of a rectangular box are x by x by (19 − 5x). Its volume is
36 cm3. One possible value of x is x = 2 cm. What is/are other possible
value(s) of x?

(A125) 18. [G1] For what value of m is (x + 2) a factor of P(x) = x4 − 2x2 + 3mx + 64?

(A126) 19. [G1] One of the roots of 3x4 − 2x3 − 4x2 − 7x − 2 is a whole number. What is
the value of this root?
p( x)
(S159) 20. [G3] If p is a polynomial such that = x 2 + 7 x − 18 , find the product of
x+4
all possible values of x that make the equation p(x) = 0 true.

Level L | 34
 Algebra 4

Chapter 5 Vectors

Section 1 Geometric Representation of Vectors

(A127) 1. In the diagram below, ABCD is a parallelogram.

A B

D C

→
a. Name a vector equal to 2 AN .

→
b. Name two vectors equal to − AN .

→
c. Name two vectors equal to − AB .
1 →
d. Name two vectors equal to DB .
2
(A128) 2. Consider the vectors u and v in the diagram below.

u
v

a. Draw a vector equal to u with its initial point coincident with the terminal
point of v.
b. On the same grid, construct v + u.
(A129) 3. Consider the vectors u and v in the diagram below.

v u

Copy the two vectors to construct v + u using the parallelogram method.

Level L | 35
 Algebra 4

(A130) 4. Consider the vectors u and v in the diagram below.

v
u

a. Draw a vector equal to −v with its initial point coincident with the terminal
point of u.
b. On the same grid, construct u − v.
(A131) 5. Consider the parallelogram ABCD.

A B
60◦ 120◦
u
D C v


→ 
→
u is in the same direction as DC and v is in the same direction as BC .

→
a. Find the measure of the angle between AD and u.

→
b. Find the measure of the angle between AB and v.


→ 
→
(A132) 6. Given that AB = u, AC = v, and that M is the midpoint of BC , express each
of the following in terms of u and v.
C

v M

A u B

→ 
→ 
→
a) BC b) AM c) CM

Level L | 36
 Algebra 4


→ 
→ 
→
(X80)
=
7. [G2] ABCD is a quadrilateral. AD a= =
, DC b, and BC c . E lies on AB
1
such that AE = AB.
5

E
a

b
B
C c

Express in terms of a, b, and c:


→
a. EA

→
b. EB

→
c. CE

^

→ 
→
(X81) 8. [G2] Referring to the figure below, O is the origin, OA = a , and OB = b . M is
a point on AB such that AM : AB = 1 : 2.

A
M

O B

a. Find, in terms of a and b, the position vector of M.

Give your answer in simplest form.


→
b. Find MB in terms of a and b.

Level L | 37
 Algebra 4

(X82) 9. [G2] Refer to the figure below.

A
p
M
O

B
D
Not drawn to scale

A and B have position vectors p and q relative to the origin O.

M is a point on segment AB such that AM : MB = 1 : 4, and D is a point on
line AB such that AM = BD.
Find the following, in terms of p and q, giving your answer in simplest form.
a. The position vector of M.

→
b. Vector MD

^
(X83) 10. [G2] Refer to the figure below.

A
a b
M

C X B


→ 
→
CA = a and BA = b .

→
a. Find CB in terms of a and b.

b. M is the midpoint of CA . X is such that BX : CX = 1 : 5.


→
Find XM in terms of a and b. Write your answer in simplest form.

Level L | 38
 Algebra 4

Section 2 Algebraic Representation of Vectors

0
(A133) 11. The initial point of v =   is A(−2, −4). Find the terminal point of v.
 4


→
(A134) 12. Find the components and the magnitude of PR given P(0, 4) and R(4, 1).

(A135)
 −1  3
13. Consider the vectors v =   and u =   .
 2  −1 
a. Draw v with its initial point at the origin and u with its initial point at the
terminal point of v. Give the coordinates of the initial points and terminal
points of v and u.
b. Find the components of w = u + v. Draw w with its initial point at the
origin. What are the coordinates of the terminal point of w in this case?

(A136)
 −1 3
14. Consider the vectors v =   and u =   .
2  −1
Find the components of q = u − v. Draw q with its initial point at the origin.
What are the coordinates of the terminal point of q in this case?

(A137)
 −2 
15. Consider the vector v =   . Find the components of r = 3v. Draw r with
 −1 
its initial point at (2, 4). What are the coordinates of the terminal point of r
in this case?

(A138) 16. Find the direction of p = i + 3 j and find a unit vector in the direction of p.

Level L | 39
 Algebra 4

(A139) 17. [T] Consider the grid below.

y
5
M
4
3
L
2
1
x
0 1 2 3 4 5

→  −2 
Points L and M are given on the grid and MQ =  .
 −4 
a. Plot the point Q on the given grid.

→
b. Write QL as a column vector.

→ 
→ 
→
c. AB is a vector that is parallel to QL . The magnitude of AB is equal to

→
triple the magnitude of QL . Write down a possible column vector for

→
AB .


→ 
→ 
→
(A140) =
18. [T] ABCD is a quadrilateral. AD a= =
, DC b and BC c .
1
F lies on AB such that FB = AB.
3
a A
D
F

b B

c
C

→
Express FB in terms of a, b, and c.

Level L | 40
 Algebra 4


→ 
→
(A141) 19. [T] Referring to the figure below, O is the origin, OA = c and OB = d .
K is a point on AB such that AK : AB = 1 : 2.
A

с
K
O
d
B
Find, in terms of c and d, the position vector of K.
Give your answer in simplest form.
(A142) 20. [T] Refer to the figure below.
A and B have position vectors m and n relative to the origin O.
P is a point on segment AB such that AP : PB = 1 : 7, and Q is a point on
line AB such that AP = BQ.
O Q
n
B
m

P
A
Find, in terms of m and n, in its simplest form,
a. the position vector of P

→
b. the vector PQ

Level L | 41
 Algebra 4

(A143) 21. [T] Referring to the figure below, O is the origin and OABCDE is a regular
hexagon.

→ 
→
OA = m and OE = n .
C K D

B E
n
A m O
a. Find, in terms of m and n, in its simplest form:

→
i. BC

→
ii. AB
iii. the position vector of D
b. K is the midpoint of segment DC.

→
Find KA in terms of m and n, in its simplest form.
c. X is a point on EB such that EX : XB = 5 : 3. Use vectors to prove that X
lies on AK .

→ 
→
(A144) 22. [T] Referring to the figure below, CB = n and AB = m .
A
m
Y

C Fn B

→
a. Find CA in terms of n and m.
b. F is the midpoint of CB . Y divides CA in the ratio CY : YA = 1 : 4.

→
Find YF in terms of n and m. Write your answer in simplest form.

Level L | 42
 Algebra 4

(A145) 23. [T] Referring to the figure below, OABC is a parallelogram and O is the
origin.

→ 
→
L is the midpoint of BC and AY : YB = 4 : 1. OA = n and OC = m .
B L C
Y

A n O
a. Find, in terms of n and m, in its simplest form:

→ 
→ 
→
LB , YL , and OY .
b. CB and OY are extended to meet at point K.
Find the position vector of K in terms of n and m. Write your answer in
the simplest form.
→  h →
c. YL =   and YL = 272 . Find the positive value of h.
 −4h 

(X84) 24. [G2] Consider the grid below.

y
5
4
P
3
2
Q
1
x
0 1 2 3 4 5


→  3
Points P and Q are given on the grid and PR =   .
 −3 

a. Plot the point R on the given grid.


→
b. Write RQ as a column vector.

→ 
→ 
→
c. XY is a vector parallel to RQ . The magnitude of XY is equal to twice

→ 
→
the magnitude of RQ . Write down a possible column vector for XY .

Level L | 43
 Algebra 4

^
(X85) 25. [G2] Refer to the figure below.

D F C

E B
b
O a A

O is the origin and OABCDE is a regular hexagon.


→ 
→
OA = a and OE = b .

→
a. Write BC , in its simplest form, in terms of a and b.

→
b. Write AB , in its simplest form, in terms of a and b.

c. Write the position vector of D, in its simplest form, in terms of a and b.

d. F is the midpoint of segment DC .


→
Find FA in terms of a and b, in its simplest form.

e. X is a point on EB such that EX : XB = 5 : 3.

Use vectors to prove that X lies on AF.

Level L | 44
 Algebra 4

(X86) 26. [G2] Referring to the figure below, OABC is a parallelogram and O is the
origin.
→ 
→
M is the midpoint of AB and CX : XB = 3 : 1. OA = q and OC = p .
A M B

X
q

O p C
Not drawn to scale

a. Find the following in terms of p and q, giving your answer in simplest

form.

→ 
→ 
→
AM , MX , and OX .

b. AB and OX are extended to meet at point F.


→
Find the position vector of F, OF in terms of p and q. Write your answer
in the simplest form.


→  h 
→
c. MX =   and MX = 250 .
 −3h 
Find the positive value of h.

Level L | 45
 Algebra 4

Chapter 6 Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions

Section 1 Sequences

(A146) 1. Consider the sequence b defined by b n = n 2 − n − 2 . Find the values of b 1 , b 2 ,

and b 10 .

(A147) 2. Consider the sequence V n defined by V 1 = 5, V 2 = 1, V n = 3V n−1 − 2V n−2 , for

n > 2.
Find V 7 .

(A148) 3. Consider the sequence Q = {−2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, …}.

a. Show that the sequence Q is linear.
b. Find the general term of the sequence Q.

(A149) 4. Consider the sequence Q = {−34, −26, −10, 14, 46, 86, 134, 190, …}.
a. Show that the sequence Q is quadratic.
b. Find the general term of the sequence Q.
(A150) 5. Consider the sequence
C = {21, 32, 39, 36, 17, −24, −93, −196, −339, −528, …}.
a. Show that the sequence C is cubic.
b. Find the general term of the sequence C.

k ( k + 1) 25
(A151) 6. Using the fact that the sum of the first k integers is
2
, evaluate ∑12n .
n =1

20 20 20
(A152) 7. Given that ∑ i = 210 and
i =1
∑ i 2 = 2,870 , evaluate
i =1
∑ (4i
i =1
2
+ 2i + 1) .

Level L | 46
 Algebra 4

Section 2 Arithmetic Progressions

(A153) 8. b is an arithmetic progression with first term b 1 = 8 and common difference

d = −2.
Find b 5 and b 21 .
(A154) 9. Find the sum of the first 40 terms of an arithmetic progression with first term
equal to 6 and second term equal to 16.

(A155) 10. Evaluate the arithmetic series −5 + 1 + 7 + 13 + ... + 289.

(A156) 11. A pyramid-shaped structure is made up of blocks. The bottom level consists
of 245 blocks and the top level consists of 1 block. How many blocks are
there in this structure given that it consists of 62 levels and each level
exceeds the one above it by the same number of blocks?
(A157) 12. Sara started working in 1990 with a monthly salary of $1,200. Each year, her
monthly salary increased by $120. What was the increase in Sara’s monthly
salary from 2000 to 2010?
n
(A158) 13. Find a simplified expression for ∑ (5k − 2) in terms of n.
k =1
Use this expression to find the value of 3 + 8 + 13 + 18 + … + 503.

(A159) 14. Let a be an arithmetic progression with first term −12 and common
difference 6. Let b be another arithmetic progression with first term 5 and
common difference 5. Is there a value k for which a k = b k ? If so, find this
common value.

Level L | 47
 Algebra 4

(A160) 15. [T] Ann is making patterns using white and black circles.

Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4

The patterns form a sequence.
Ann makes a table to show some information about the pattern.
Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5
Number of black
3 5 7 9
circles
Number of all
3 6 10 15
circles

a. Complete the table for pattern 5.

b. Find an expression, in terms of n, for the number of black circles in pattern n.
c. Ann makes a pattern with 201 black circles. Find the number of this pattern.
d. Ann needs a total of 3 circles to make the first pattern.
She needs a total of 9 circles to make the first two patterns.
1
She needs a total of n 3 + an 2 + bn circles to make the first n patterns.
6
Find the values of a and b.

(A161) 16. [T] a. The nth term of a sequence is 4n − 1.

i. Write down the first two terms of the sequence.
ii. Show that the number 304 is not a term of this sequence.
b. Find the nth term of each sequence.
i. 11, 17, 23, 29…
ii. −2, 3, 10, 19…
c. Consider the sequence below:
___, 38, 11, ___
The second term of the sequence is 38 and the third term is 11.
The rule to find the next term of this sequence is subtract 5 then
divide by k.
Find the value of k and the fourth term of the sequence.

Level L | 48
 Algebra 4

(X101) 17. [G2] Rami is making patterns using white and black circles.

Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4

The patterns form a sequence.

Rami makes a table to show some information about the patterns.

Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5

Number of black circles 4 8 12 16

Number of all circles 4 9 16 25

a. Complete the table for pattern 5.

b. Find an expression, in terms of n, for the number of black circles in pattern n.

c. Rami makes a pattern with 400 black circles. Find the number of this pattern.

d. Rami needs a total of 4 circles to make the first pattern.

He needs a total of 13 circles to make the first two patterns.
1 3
He needs a total of n + an 2 + bn circles to make the first n patterns.
3
Find the values of a and b.

Level L | 49
 Algebra 4

(X102) 18. [G2] a. The nth term of a sequence is 5n + 2.

i. Write down the first two terms of the sequence.
ii. Show that the number 403 is not a term of this sequence.
b. Find the nth term of each of the following sequences.
i. 10, 13, 16, 19…
ii. 3, 5, 9, 15…

c. Consider the sequence u = {___, 15, 80, ___, …}.

The second term of the sequence is 15 and the third term is 80.
The rule for finding the next term of this sequence is to add k then to
multiply by 4.
Find the value of k and the fourth term of the sequence.

Section 3 Geometric Progressions

1
(A162) 19. G is a geometric progression with first term G1 = and common ratio
2
r = 2.
Find G 3 , G 7 , and G 11 .
(A163) 20. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the geometric progression
1, 2, 4, 8, … .
(A164) 21. The first three terms of a geometric progression are 1, 5x, and 10x, in this
order, and x ≠ 0.
a. Calculate x and the common ratio of the geometric progression.
b. Does the sum to infinity converge? If so, find it.
(A165) 22. A small ball drops from a height of 20 m to a horizontal floor. Each time the
ball strikes the floor, it rebounds to 0.2 of the height it has just fallen.
a. Find the distance the ball travels by the time it strikes the floor for the
sixth time.
Write your answer to the nearest unit.
b. Show that the distance traveled by the ball cannot exceed 30 m.

Level L | 50
 Algebra 4

(A166) 23. [T] On April 1, Alice sent a text message with a joke to 2 of her friends. In
this message, she also asked each of them to send the same message to 2 of
their friends. So, everyone who receives this text message sends it to 2 of
his/her friends on the next day.
a. Complete the table below:
Day
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number
Number of
text
messages 2 4
sent on the
given day

b. Write down an expression for the number of text messages sent on day
number n.
c. Alice thinks that the total number of text messages sent by the end of day
number 6 is equal to 27 − 2 .
i. Show that she is correct.
ii. Write down an expression for the total number of text messages sent
by the end of day number n.
iii. Find the day number when the total number of text messages sent by
the end of the day is 1,022.
(X103) 24. [G2] On Monday, Rana sent the following e-mail to 3 of her friends:
“Tomorrow, send this e-mail to three of your friends.”
All friends who received this e-mail followed the same instructions.
Fill in each blank with a whole number.

a. Rana numbered the days of the week, Monday being Day Number 1, and
made a table to keep track of the number of emails sent each day.

Complete Rana’s table.

Day Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun

Day Number 1 2 3 4

Number of e-mails
3 9
sent today

b. Write down an expression for the number of e-mails sent on Day Number
n.

Level L | 51
 Algebra 4

c. Rana thinks that the total number of e-mails sent by the end of Day
35 3
Number 4 is equal to − .
2 2
Show that Rana is right.

d. Write down an expression for the total number of e-mails sent by the end
of Day Number n.

e. Find the day number for which the total number of e-mails sent by the end
of the day is 3279.
(X104) 25. [G2] The table below shows the first four terms of the sequences X, Y, Z, and
W. Complete the table.
Sequence term 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th nth

X 5 10 20 40

Y 13 18 23 28

5 6 7 8
Z
3 4 5 6

W 2 4 8 14

Section 4 Geometric Progressions and Financing

(A167) 26. A principal of $12,000 is invested at a bank at an annual interest rate of 4%

compounded annually. Find, to the nearest dollar, the accumulated value of
the money after 10 years.
(A168) 27. At what annual rate would $1,000, invested at a bank that compounds
interest annually, triple in 20 years?
(A169) 28. A principal of $12,000 is invested at a bank at an interest rate of 4%
compounded monthly. Find, to the nearest dollar, the accumulated value of
the money after 10 years.

Level L | 52
 Algebra 4

(A170) 29. A man deposits $2,000 at the end of each year at an interest rate of 5%
compounded annually.
a. Show that the accumulated capital at the end of n years is
$40,000(1.05n − 1).
b. Calculate, to two decimal places, the accumulated capital at the end of the
10th year.
(A171) 30. [T] The table below shows the first four terms in sequences F, L, Y, and U.
Complete the table.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Sequence nth term
term term term term term
F 7 21 63 189
L 4 15 26 37

1 3 5 7
Y
4 5 6 7

U 4 7 12 19

(A172) 31. [T] a. The price of a mobile phone decreased from $500 to $340 in one year.
Calculate the percentage decrease in price.
b. Rami invested $6,000 in an account that pays compound interest at a
rate of 3% per year.
Calculate, to the nearest dollar, the value of his investment after 5
years.
(A173) 32. [T] An inheritance of $52,000 is divided between three people: Garry, Ian,
and Ann in the ratio 7 : 8 : 10, respectively.
a. Calculate the percentage of Ian’s share.
b. Show that Garry receives $14,560.
c. Garry invested $P from his share at a rate of 4.5% per year compound
interest. At the end of 6 years, the total amount was $15,000. Find the
value of P to the nearest dollar.
d. Ann exchanged all her share to euro at an exchange rate of 1 euro =
$1.12.
How many euros will she get? Give your answer correct to one decimal
place.

Level L | 53
 Algebra 4

(A174) 33. [T] Jacqueline spent $200 at a grocery store. The amounts she spent on fruits
and vegetables are in the ratio 6 : 4.
a. Show that the total cost of the fruits was $120.
b. How much did she spend on vegetables?
c. Julia has the same amount of $200, but she put it in a bank at a rate of 5%
compound interest per year.
i. Calculate the amount Julia will get after 6 years. Give your answer
correct to the nearest dollar.
ii. Calculate the amount of interest that Julia has earned after 6 years as a
percentage of $200.
(A175) 34. [T] a. Tina has 24 lemon candies and 36 cherry candies.
i. Calculate the ratio of lemon candies to cherry candies in its
simplest form.
1
ii. Tina ate of each kind of her candies. Find the ratio of Tina’s
6
remaining lemon candies to remaining cherry candies in its
simplest form.
iii. Then Tina ate two more candies of each kind. Find the new ratio
of Tina’s remaining lemon candies to remaining cherry candies.
b. i. The price of a car decreased from $45,000 to $22,500 in two years.
Find the percent decrease in value.
ii. The price of $45,000 was 12% less than the original price.
Calculate the original price of the car. Give your answer to the nearest
dollar.
c. Robert invested $800 at a rate of k% per year simple interest.
At the end of 10 years, the interest he received was $160. Find the value
of k.
d. Amanda invested $800 at a rate of h% per year compound interest.
At the end of 10 years, her investment was $1,440.
Find the value of h correct to two decimal places.

Level L | 54
 Algebra 4

Section 5 Exponential Functions

(A176) 35. Consider the function y = f (x) = 3x.

a. State the domain of f.
b. Sketch the curve that represents the graph of f .
c. Determine the horizontal asymptote of the curve representing f.

(A177) 36. a. Draw the graph of y = 3x −1 by applying a shift or a series of shifts to the
graph of y = 3x.
b. Draw the graph of y= 5 + 3x −1 by applying a shift or a series of shifts to
the graph of y = 3x.
(A178) 37. The population of Canada doubles every 70 years. If the population of
Canada in 2012 was 35 million, then what would the population of Canada
be in 2222?
(A179) 38. The half-life of Radium-226 is 1,600 years. Suppose that at present there is 1
gram of Radium-226. About how many grams were present 5,000 years
ago?
(A180) 39. Suppose that 500 mg of Thorium-234 are reduced to 410 mg in one week.
a. Find the half-life of Thorium-234.
b. What would 500 mg of this material be reduced to in 30 days?
(S111) 40. [G3]

Year Number of smokers

2000 65,000
2005 62,000
2010 59,000
2015 55,000

The table above represents the number of smokers in a city during the listed
years as per the data collected by the ministry of health. Based on this data,
the expression 69 × (0.9)t/10, where t is the number of years since 1995, is
used to estimate the number of smokers in this city, in thousands. If the
number of smokers in this city in 1995 was k thousands, what is the value of
k?

Level L | 55
 Algebra 4

(S112) 41. [G3] The table below shows the growth of a capital t years since it was
deposited.

Number of years 2 4 6 8
Amount of capital (million dollars) 2.8 4.3 6.8 10.7

Determine the type of growth of the capital.^

(S113) 42. [G3] The number of ants in a colony is doubled every 3 weeks. The current
number of ants in the colony is 5,000. Write an expression that could be
used to estimate the number of ants in the colony after t weeks.
(S114) 43. [G3] In 2011, the number of students at a private school in London was
3,700. Since then, the number of students has increased by 9.16% each year.
Write a function of the form k(x)t that can be used to estimate the number of
students in the school after t years since 2011.
(S115) 44. [G3] A rubber ball is dropped onto a concrete floor. Each time it hits the
floor, it bounces back up to a height that is half of the height from which it
fell.
Write an expression for the function f that models the height of the ball h, in
feet, after n bounces.
^
(S116) 45. [G3] Peter decided to work off his excess weight and he expects his weight
to decrease by 5% each month. Peter’s weight is currently 110 kg. Write a
function of the form k(x)t that can be used to estimate Peter’s weight after t
months based on his expectations.

^
(S117) 46. [G3] Jenny and Mark go to the same school. The number of students in their
school is expected to increase by an average of 8% per year. Jenny assumes
that the annual increase is calculated based on the current number of
students. Mark assumes that the annual increase is calculated based on the
number of students of the previous year. If the current number of students is
800, by how many more will Mark's estimate of the number of students after
10 years be than Jenny's estimate?

Level L | 56
 Algebra 4

(A181)
1
47. [T] a. The probability that Rita wins in a spinner game is . She spins the
4
spinner three times. Find the probability that she wins
i. three times.
ii. at least one time.
iii. only two times.
1
b. The probability that Ian wins in the spinner game is . He spins the
5
spinner until he wins. Find the probability that he first wins on his
i. fifth spin.
ii. nth spin.
(A182) 48. [T] In a darts game, the probability that Emma succeeds is 0.6. Each time
Emma fails, she tries again.
a. Find the probability that it takes Emma the following number of tries to
succeed:
i. exactly 3 tries
ii. one, or two, or three tries
b. Give the formula for the probability of succeeding after n tries.
(A183) 49. [T] The cards shown below are well-shuffled and placed face down on a
table.

Set A 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Set B 1 2 2 2 2 2 3
Julia chooses at random one card from set A, she doesn’t replace it and
then she takes another card at random.
a. What is the probability that the two cards have the same number?
b. Julia replaces the cards back. Sean chooses one card from set A and one
card from set B. What is the probability that he chooses two cards with
the same number?
c. Who is the most likely to choose two cards that have the same number?
d. John chooses three cards at random from set C without replacement.

Set C 1 1 1 2 2
What is the probability that the third card chosen is numbered 2?

Level L | 57
 Algebra 4

(A184) 50. [T] Consider two spinners A and B shown in the figure below, each with five
marked sectors.

1 2 1 1

5 3 3 2
4 2

A B
a. Spinner A is spun once. Find the probability that the number shown is not
number 5.
b. Spinner A is spun twice. Find the probability that the number shown is
number 2 both times.
c. Spinner A is spun 50 times. Calculate an estimate of the number of times
where the result is 1.
d. The spinners are spun once each and the sum of the numbers on both
spinners is recorded.
i. Complete the diagram below.
Spinner B
1 1 2 2 3
1 2 2 3 3 4
Spinner A 2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6 6 7 7 8
ii. Calculate the probability that the sum is greater than 6.
e. Amanda spins spinner B until she gets number 1.
Calculate the probability that this happens on the third trial.
(A185) 51. [T] a. A box contains red balls and blue balls.
There are 60 balls in total. The probability to randomly choose a red
ball is 0.3.
i. Find the number of red balls in the box.
ii. Maria chooses a ball at random and then puts it back in the box.
She does this 100 times. Find the expected number of times that
she would get a red ball.
b. Another box contains 4 black balls, 1 white ball, and 5 purple balls.
Daniel chooses a ball at random, notes the color, then replaces it in the
box. He does this three times. Find the probability that
i. all three balls are black.
ii. all three balls are different in color.
c. A different box contains 2 blue balls and 6 red balls. Tina chooses three
balls from this box without replacement. Calculate the probability that
the number of red balls is more than the number of blue balls.

Level L | 58
 Algebra 4

(A186) 52. [T] Judy spins the spinner shown in the figure below with 4 sectors marked
1 to 4.

1 2

3 4

The probability of getting each number is shown in the table below.

Number 1 2 3 4
1 1
Probability x x
3 6
a. Find the value of x.
b. Judy spins the spinner once. Find the probability that the number is 1 or 3.
c. Judy spins the spinner twice.
i. Find the probability that the numbers are 4 both times.
ii. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers is 4.
d. Judy spins the spinner 100 times. Calculate how many times he expects to
get the number 3.
(A187) 53. [T] Jayson plans to wear one hat and one coat. He has one of each of the
following colors of hats in his wardrobe:
Gray
Black
He also has one of each of the following colors of coats:
Blue
Black
Brown
He will select one hat and one coat from his wardrobe without looking.
a. Draw a tree diagram to illustrate all the possible color combinations that
Jayson could select.
b. Calculate the probability that the hat and coat Jayson selected are both
black.
c. Calculate the probability that he will select the blue coat.

Level L | 59
 Algebra 4

(A188) 1
54. [T] The probability that the bus is late is .
4
4
If the bus is late, the probability that Mr. Jayson walks to his office is .
7
1
If the bus is not late, the probability that Mr. Jayson walks to his office is .
8
a. Complete the tree diagram.
Walks
Bus
1/4 is late
Doesn’t
walk

1/8 Walks
Bus is
not late
Doesn’t
walk
b. Calculate the probability that the bus will be late tomorrow and Mr.
Jayson doesn’t walk to his office.
c. Calculate the probability that Mr. Jayson walks to his office.
(A189) 55. [T] The probability that a randomly selected student in Mrs. Brownie’s class
1
owns a dog is . If the student owns a dog, the probability that he also
5
1
owns a cat is . If the student doesn’t own a dog, the probability that he
2
3
owns a cat is .
4
a. Complete the tree diagram.
Cat

Dog
1/5
No cat

3/4 Cat
No dog

No cat
b. What is the probability that a student owns a dog and also a cat?
c. i. Find the probability that a student doesn’t own a cat.

Level L | 60
 Algebra 4

ii. Find the expected number of students who do not own a cat in a group
of 30 students.
d. What is the probability that the number of students who own a dog is at
least one in a group of 5 students?
(A190) 56. [T] The histogram shown below represents the frequencies of the scores of
students on a science test.

a. Complete the table.

Score Frequency
0 < p ≤ 30 15
TERM 30
50 < p ≤ 60
60 < p ≤ 70
70 < p ≤ 80
80 < p ≤ 90
b. Calculate an estimate of the mean score of this class, accurate to one
decimal place.

Level L | 61
 Algebra 4

(A191) 57. [T] a. One hundred students measured their weight. The results are shown in
the frequency table below.
Weight (kg) 40 < x ≤ 50 50 < x ≤ 60 60 < x ≤ 70 70 < x ≤ 80
Frequency 22 25 30 23

i. Calculate an estimate of the mean.

ii. Complete the histogram below.

b. One hundred people working for a fast food chain were asked about their age.
The results are shown in the frequency table below.

Age 15 ≤ x < 25 25 ≤ x < 35 35 ≤ x < 45 45 ≤ x < 55

Frequency 40 20 22 18

i. On the grid below, draw a cumulative frequency curve to represent the

information.

ii. Find the 30th percentile.

iii. Find the number of people who are older than 25 years.

Level L | 62
 Algebra 4

(A192) 58. [T] a. Two hundred students were asked to raise money for a charity. The
cumulative frequency curve below represents the results.

i. Use the graph to find an estimate of the median, the interquartile

range, and the 80th percentile.
ii. Use the graph to find an estimate of the number of students who
raised more than $50.
b. 25 students tried to estimate the area x, in m2, of their classroom. The results are
shown in the frequency table below.

Area (m2) 10 < x ≤ 12 12 < x ≤ 14 14 < x ≤ 16 16 < x ≤ 18 18 < x ≤ 20

Frequency 2 11 5 5 2

i. Calculate an estimate of the mean, giving your answer correct to one decimal
place.

ii. Represent the information in a histogram.

Level L | 63
 Algebra 4

(A193) 59. [T] The time taken for 100 students to complete a quiz is given by the table
below.

Time (t minutes) 30 ≤ t < 32 32 ≤ t < 34 34 ≤ t < 36 36 ≤ t < 38 38 ≤ t < 40

Frequency 15 20 40 15 10

a. i. Write down the modal time interval.

ii. Write down the interval containing the median time.
iii. Calculate the estimate of the mean time.
b. i. Complete the cumulative frequency table given below.
Time (t minutes) t ≤ 30 t ≤ 32 t ≤ 34 t ≤ 36 t ≤ 38 t ≤ 40
Cumulative
0 15
Frequency

ii. On the grid below, draw the cumulative frequency diagram that represents
the information.

iii. Find the median time.

iv. Find the interquartile range.
v. Find the number of students who took more than 37 minutes to complete the
quiz.

Level L | 64
 Algebra 4

(A194) 60. [T] a. The table below shows information about heights of plants measured
during an experiment.
Height, in
10 < h ≤ 20 20 < h ≤ 30 30 < h ≤ 40 40 < h ≤ 50 50 < h ≤ 60
cm
Frequency 20 106 135 110 29
Calculate an estimate for the mean height of the plants.
b. Complete the cumulative frequency table below.
Height, in
h ≤ 20 h ≤ 30 h ≤ 40 h ≤ 50 h ≤ 60
cm
Cumulative
20 126
frequency
c. i. On the grid below, construct a cumulative frequency curve to show
the information.

ii. Use your diagram to estimate the median height.

iii. Use your diagram to estimate the inter-quartile range.
iv. Use your diagram to estimate the 40th percentile.
(A195) 61. [T] a. The number of hours students spend watching TV per day are shown
in the frequency table below.
Number of 0 1 2 3 4 5
hours
Frequency 5 7 8 5 3 2
Calculate the mean, median, mode, and range.
b. The table below shows the ages of the passengers on a bus.
Age 25 45 60
Number of passengers 10 x 21
The mean age for these passengers is estimated to be 58.
Find the value of x.

Level L | 65
 Algebra 4

(A196) 62. [T] One hundred sixty people were asked about their annual expenses on
buying books. The cumulative frequency curve below displays the
number of people who spend between 0 and 200 dollars on books per
year.

a. Find the median.

b. Find the lower quartile.
c. Find the interquartile range.
d. Find the 60th percentile.
(A197) 63. [T] a. The scatter plot below shows the number of lessons a group of
students missed during a year and the corresponding grade point
average.

i. What type of correlation is shown in the scatter diagram?

ii. On the scatter diagram, draw a line of best fit.
iii. Find a good estimate for the grade point average of a student who
missed 40 lessons.

Level L | 66
 Algebra 4

b. A teacher recorded the number of her 20 students who got grades

between A and D on a math exam.
The frequency table below shows the results.
Grades A B C D
Frequency 5 7 6 2
Calculate the mode and median.

c. The table below shows the average of all Grade 8 students on a

science test.
Score, in points Frequency
0 < p ≤ 30 15
30 < p ≤ 50 30
50 < p ≤ 60 50
60 < p ≤ 70 40
70 < p ≤ 80 10
80 < p ≤ 90 15
i. Calculate an estimate for the mean score.
ii. Draw a histogram to show the information in the table.

Level L | 67