Electric Vehicle Charging

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ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER
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ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER
BY
DR. AMAN JHA

HEAD-R&D ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BRANDENBURG INNOVATIONS, BENGALURU, INDIA
SR. MEMBER IEEE, PES, POWER ELECTRONICS SOCIETY
OUTLINE
• EV Charging • Smart Charger (V2X)

• Classification & Comparison • Benefits
• On Board Charger (AC) • Application of V2X
• Architecture • Charging Standard
• Block Diagram • SAE Standard
• Discussion on Topologies • Charging Characteristics
• OFF Board Charging (DC) • Power of EV Chargers
• Architecture • Indian Perspective
• Block Diagram • Future E- Car
• Discussion on Topologies
2
OUTLINE

3
CHARGING SCHEMES
On Board Charger
DC Charger
ON-BOARD CHARGER
Battery Pack
Inductive pick-up
Wireless Charging
Charging inductor
4
CLASSIFICATION
• Charging Scheme • Charger Presence

• Conductive (AC and DC) • On-Board Charger (OBC)
• Charging station, Off-Board Charger (DC Charger)

• Inductive (Static & Dynamic)
• Wireless
• Battery Swap (Mechanical)
Images for representation purpose only

CONDUCTIVE AC CHARGING
On-Board Charger (OBC)
• The battery can be recharged anywhere

• Easy communication with Battery Management
System
• No additional power electronic converters
• Higher performance and lower cost
• Power level limitation
• Size and weight restrictions
• Relatively long charging time

CONDUCTIVE DC CHARGING
Off-Board Charger
• Design specific for high or low

charging rate
• Not limited to weight and size
• Made for fast charging
• High installation cost
• Adverse impact on power system
• Reliable communication is important
(BMS to battery)
7 purpose only
Images for representation
STATIC INDUCTIVE CHARGING
Wireless Static
• Convenience
• No manual intervention
• High investment
• Limited space & weight of charge pads
• Misalignment between the vehicle and the
charge pad
• Power losses and relatively lower
efficiency than conductive charging
• Electromagnetic radiation exposure
8
DYNAMIC INDUCTIVE CHARGING
Wireless Dynamic
• Low stand-in charging time

• Low battery DoD
• Smaller battery size
• High investment
• Foreign objects change coil structure
and coil misalignment on the road
• Applicability to different car types
• Experimental Stage
9
BATTERY SWAP
• No range anxiety
• Quick and easy refilling like a combustion
engine car tank
• Longer charging times available for the EV
battery compared to fast DC Charging
• Standardized battery interface
• Consumer acceptance
Images for representation10

purpose only
COMPARISON CHART
Charging Methods Conductive Inductive Battery Swap
AC DC Static Dynamic
Convenience
Cost
Service time Long Short Long Flexible Shortest
Power Level
Efficiency
Battery Lifetime
Standardization
Impact on Grid
11
OUTLINE

12
OBC ARCHITECTURE
Electric Vehicle
Charge Onboard BMS

AC controller Comm.
Charger Power Control
Charging
Unit
Station
Safety
Interlocks
Protection
circuits
DC CC/CV Battery
AC Supply
AC Rectifier DC DC-DC
Converter
13
BLOCK DIAGRAM
OBC
Main Power Stages Block Diagram
High Voltage Key Features
DC bus
➢ OBC is an AC-DC converter composed by
(200-450V)
(PFC + isolated DC-DC) main stages
PFC DC-DC
➢ Power level up to 22kW
➢ Input voltage
▪ EU: 230 Vac or 400 Vac
AC input voltage Aux Power Supply ▪ US: 120Vacor 240 Vac
(single or 3 phase) ➢ Voltage output range: 200VDC-450VDC
~
➢ High effciency
EV
➢ AEC-Q101 power discrete devices
required
➢ AEC-Q100 integrated circuits required
➢ Minimal size
14
PFC TOPOLOGIES
Power Level
2-3.6 kW 6.6-7.2 kW 10-11 kW 20-22 kW
Most Common PFC Topologies
Interleaved Boost
(single phase input)
Semi-bridgeless
Totem Pole
Vienna modified
(3 phase input)
Vienna original
(3 phase input)
15
INTERLEAVED BOOST: PFC
Pros & Cons
• 2 Parallel Connected Boost Topologies

180° Phase Shifted (or N Boost 360°/N
Shifted)
• Reduced Input Current Ripple
• Reduced Capacitive Ripple
• Reduced Inductor Size
• Better Heat Dissipation
• High Losses In Bridge Diode Rectifier
• Increased components
16
SEMI-BRIDGELESS BOOST PFC
Pros & Cons
• 2 Boost Topologies
• Bridge Rectifier Removed
• Reduced Inductor Size
• Better Heat Dissipation
• Increased Components
• Less EMI Issue
17
TOTEM POLE BRIDGELESS BOOST PFC
Pros & Cons
• Bridge Rectifier Removed
• Reduced Part Count
• Very Small Conduction Losses
• Very High Efficiency
• Small EMI
• Body Diodes used as Fast Recovery
Diodes
• Complex Drive and Sampling Circuit
18
DC-DC TOPOLOGIES VS POUT
Most Common OBC Power Level

Most Common DC-DC Topologies
2-3.6 kW 6.6-7.2 kW 10-11 kW 20-22 kW
Full bridge-LLC
Full bridge-PS
3 level
Half bridge-LLC
19
AUXILIARY SMPS : POWER LEVEL
< 15W 15W - 70W
Flyback
based on converter
Flyback
based on discrete
controller + MOSFET
20
(3PH + NEUTRAL) INPUT: MODULAR
L1 Vdc
PFC DC-DC
N 1 1
• Easy system implementation
• More system reliability
• Higher system efficiency
L2 PFC DC-DC
N
2 2
L3 PFC DC-DC
N 3 3
21
AC CHARGING CONNECTOR
• Type 1 • Tesla US • Type 2

• 120V/240V 1P/80A Connector • 3P 240V/80A;
• Used in USA & Japan • 17.2kW/240V 400V/63A
• Used in China Europe
22
CONTROL PINS
Proximity Pilot
Monitor Connection Between EV

& Charger
Two Signals
Maximum Actual Charge

Control Pilot Charge Current
Current
PWM Signal
23
OUTLINE

24
DC CHARGING ARCHITECTURE
Charge
Communication
controller
BMS
Power Control
DC Charging Station Unit
Electric
Safety Vehicle
Interlocks
Variable
DC Supply Protection
AC Supply AC Rectifier DC DC-DC DC DC
circuits
CV?CC Battery
Converter
25
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Three phase PFC Isolated DC/DC
L1
SiC diodes SiC Diodes
HV MOSFETs SiC MOSFET
L2 HV diodes HV diodes
/ IGBTs
SCRs 200-500Vdc
L3
Signal MOS/IGBT MOS/IGBT Signal

Control unit
conditioning Gate driver Gate driver conditioning
AC
Auxiliary Supply
Diode Diode
Clamp
`
AC
CV
Controller HV MOSFET Controller
Reference
26
PFC CONVERTER
L1
/ IGBTs
SCRs 200-500Vdc
L3

Control unit
AC
3.3 VDC for MCUs

Auxiliary Supply 15V for relays and gate -5..20 VDC for Sic
drivers 0..15V for Si
Diode Diode
Clamp Auxiliary Supply for Drivers
`
AC
CV DC/DC
Reference + switching
regulator
Diode
27
DC/DC CONVERTER
L1
/ IGBTs
SCRs 200-500Vdc
L3

Control unit
AC
3.3 VDC for MCUs

Auxiliary Supply 15V for relays and gate -5..20 VDC for Sic
drivers 0..15V for Si
Diode Diode
Clamp Auxiliary Supply for Drivers
`
AC
CV DC/DC
Reference + switching
regulator
Diode
28
AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY
L1
/ IGBTs
SCRs 200-500Vdc
L3

Control unit
AC
Auxiliary Supply
Diode Diode
Clamp
`
AC
CV
Reference
29
DC CHARGING CONNECTORS
• CCS –COMBO1 (USA) • CCS –COMBO2 (EU)

• 200-1000V/350A up to 350kW • 200-1000V/350A up to 350kW
• China GB/T
• 50-500V/400A
• Future 1000V/400A
• Chademo (Japan)
• 50-500V/400A
• Future 1000V/400A 30
OUTLINE

31
SMART CHARGING V2X
▪ Increase the flexibility of charging. Bulk Renewable

Generation
▪ Higher utilization rates of fixed assets.

▪ Increase the efficiency of power transfer.
▪ Reduce the peak demand on the distribution Generation
network.
▪ EVs can be made more sustainable by
charging by renewable. Storage Prosumers
Distributed Renewable
▪ Smart charging can provide new revenue Energy Generation Prosumers
streams to EV owners. Electric Vehicles 32

APPLICATION OF V2X
• Local load balancing

• Adjust charging time/power according to load
• Balance multiple charge points with priority
• Renewable energy utilization
• Price based charging
• Peak saving
• Grid back up
33
LOAD BALANCING
• Shift the charging time slot and to adjust the charging

power based on the grid capacity and local loading
condition
• The second approach is to balance multiple charge points
with priority
34
UTILIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
▪ Smart charging can help in controlling

the charging power of the car based on
the renewable energy production, say
from solar and wind generators.
▪ V2G, the electric cars can be used as

massive energy storage to balance the
variable generation from renewable
energy sources.
35
PRICE BASED CHARGING
▪ The charging power is increased when the

electricity price is low, and the charging
power is decreased or even stopped when
the electricity price is high.
▪ Customers can get more profit when the V2x

is applied. For example, we can charge the
cars when the electricity is cheap and
discharge the car via V2x when electricity is
expensive and above a certain pricing level.
36
PEAK SAVING
▪ The aggregated EVs can work as mass

storage in the grid. With controlled charging,
the EVs can be charged when there is extra
renewable energy generation, and they can
discharge via V2X to feed the grid when a
peak load is in the evening.
▪ By doing so, the peak of both generation

and consumption can be shifted, and the
electric power demand-supply gap can be
perfectly matched. 37
GRID BACK-UP
▪ In the future, electric vehicles can even

operate as a backup for the grid on a
relatively large scale.
▪ In case of a short duration failure, EVs can

be connected to the grid, to our homes or to
loads and can be controlled to provide
emergency power via V2X.
38
OUTLINE

39
SAE STANDARD
AC Charging
Power level
Voltage Levels (V) Typical usage Interface
(kW)
Level 1: Convenient
230 (EU) Office or Home base 1.4 (12A)
Any convenient outlet
120 (US) charging 1.9 (20A)
Level 2: Main
4 (17A)
400 (EU) Public and private based Electric vehicle supply
8 (32A)
240 (US) charging equipment
19.2 (80A)
Level 3: Fast
Like a filling station Electric vehicle supply 50
208 - 600
commercial point equipment 100 40
SAE STANDARD
DC Charging
Voltage Levels (V) Typical usage Interface Power level (kW)
Dedicated Electric vehicle supply

Level 1: 200 - 450 40
charging stations equipment

Level 2: 200 - 450 90
charging stations equipment

Level 3: 200 - 600 240
charging station equipment
41
IEC AND CHADEMO STANDARDS
Voltage Levels (V) Location of Charger Typical usage Interface Power level (kW)
IEC
AC Charging
Single Phase Office or Home base
Level 1 Any convenient outlet 4 – 7.5 (16A)
On board charging
Single Phase/ Three Publically and
Electric Vehicle Supply
Level 2 Phase privately based 8 – 15 (32A)
Equipment
On board charging
Three Phase Like a filling station, Electric Vehicle Supply
Level 3 60 – 120 (250A)
On board Commercial point Equipment
DC Charging
Dedicated Charging Electric Vehicle Supply
Rapid Charging Off board 1000 – 2000 (400A)
stations Equipment
CHAdeMO Standard
Dedicated Charging Electric Vehicle Supply
DC Rapid Charging Off board 62.5 (125A)
stations Equipment 42
OTHER SYSTEM LEVEL STANDARDS
EV infrastructure safety, electrical This standard is related to safety of
IEC TC 69/64 SAE J-2929
installation, electric shock protection. propulsion battery system.
This standard deals with electrical safety of

Standards related to workplace safety, SAE J-2910
buses and test for hybrid electric trucks.
NFPA 70/70E charging system safety, branch circuit
protection. SAE J-2344 Defines rules for EV safety.
Standard is related to protection of Standard defines the safety rules for

UL2202 SAE J-2464
charging system. Recharge Energy Storage Systems (RESS).
This standard deals with protection of Standard is related to electrically propelled

UL2231
supply circuits. ISO 6469-1: 2009 (IEC) road vehicles, on board RESS, inside and
outside protection of a person.
It provides rules of protection regarding Safe operation of EVs, provide protection
UL225a ISO 6469-2: 2009 (IEC)
couplers, plugs and receptacles. against inside failures.
Provides safety regulations for battery ISO 6469-2: 2001 (IEC) Electrical hazard protection.
DIN V VDE V 0510-11
installation and secondary batteries. 43
OUTLINE

44
CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS
Level 1 Charging Level 2 Charging DC Fast Charging
Battery
All Electric Connector
Product type & Charge Charge Charge
range type Demand Demand Demand
Energy Time Time Time
Toyota Prius
Li-Ion 1.4 kW 3.8 kW
PHEV 14 miles SAEJ1772 3 hours 2.5 hours N/A N/A
4.4 kWh (120 V) (240 V)
(2012)
Chevrolet Li-Ion 0.96 – 1.4

40 miles SAEJ1772 5 – 8 hours 3.8 kW 2 – 3 hours N/A N/A
Volt PHEV 16 kWh kW
Mitsubishi i- Li-Ion SAEJ1772

96 miles 1.5 kW 7 hours 3 kW 14 hours 50 kW 30 minutes
MiEV EV 16 kWh JARI/TEPCO
Nissan Leaf Li-Ion SAEJ1772 12 – 16 15 – 30

100 miles 1.8 kW 3.3 kW 6 – 8 hours 50+ kW
EV 24 kWh JARI/TEPCO hours minutes
Tesla Li-Ion 9.6 – 16.8 4 – 12

245 miles SAEJ1772 1.8 kW 30+ hours N/A N/A
Roadster EV 53 kWh kW hours
45
POWER OF EV CHARGERS
DC, FC and HPC are CharIn Standards
???
Supercars, busses, trucks
Medium size
E-bike cars
E-motorbike
Light EVs
???
EV INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
▪ Government of India aspires to have 100% EVs by 2030

▪ According to National Electric Mobility Mission Plan
▪ Every car sold in India from 2030 will be electric, under new government plans.
▪ India aims to become a 100% electric vehicle nation by 2030. The National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP)
targets seven million electric and hybrid vehicles by 2020.
▪ It is estimated that the replacing these 500,000 cars with EVs over the 3-4-year period will lead to fuel savings of
about 8000 million liters, 10 million tons of CO2 reduction and 28,200 crore of annual fuel savings
▪ Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL), a joint venture of PSUs of power ministry, has placed an order for 10,000
electric vehicles
▪ Tata Motors wins order for 10,000 electric vehicles from EESL
47
SMART CITIES AND E-RICKSHAW
▪ Smart E- Rickshaw with charging station/ e-rickshaws / Electric vehicles for last mile
connectivity is the requirement coming from approximately coming from 20 Smart
Cities out of 100 Smart Cities
▪ There is proposal for a Quick Pilot on EV Charging Infrastructure in the Gurgaon-IGI-
South Delhi-Noida corridor by NITI Aayog
48
OUTLINE

49
BODY AND CONVENIENCE
50
ELECTRO-MOBILITY
51
IN-VEHICLE INFOTAINMENT
52
TELEMATICS AND NETWORKING
53
ADAS
54
REFERENCES
1. C. C. Chan, “An overview of electric vehicle technology,” Proceed. of the IEEE, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 1202-1213, Sept. 1993.
2. C. C. Chan and K. T. Chau, "An overview of power electronics in electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Indus. Electron., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 3-13, Feb. 1997.
3. F. Zhang, X. Zhang, M. Zhang and A. S. E. Edmonds, “Literature review of electric vehicle technology and its applications," 2016 5th Inter. Conf. on Comp. Science and Network
Tech.(ICCSNT), Changchun, 2016, pp. 832-837.
4. M. Yilmaz and P. T. Krein, “Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electron.,
vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2151-2169, May 2013.
5. H. Vahedi, P. Labbe and K. Al-Haddad, "Single-Phase Single-Switch Vienna Rectifier as Electric Vehicle PFC Battery Charger," IEEE Vehicle Power and Prop. Conf. (VPPC), Montreal,
QC, 2015, pp. 1-6.
6. Zeraoulia, M., Benbouzid, M.E.H., and Diallo, D., (2006). Electric Motor Drive Selection Issues for HEV Propulsion Systems: A Comparative Study. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology,
Vol. 55, No. 6, pp. 1756-1764
7. L. Kumar and S. Jain (2014). “Electric propulsion system for electric vehicular technology: A review”. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 29, pp. 924–940.
8. W. Shuai, P. Maillé and A. Pelov, "Charging Electric Vehicles in the Smart City: A Survey of Economy-Driven Approaches," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol.
17, no. 8, pp. 2089-2106, Aug. 2016.
9. G. Aiello, M. Cacciato, G. Scarcella, G. Scelba, F. Gennaro and N. Aiello, "Real Time emulation of a three-phase vienna rectifier with unity power factor operations," ELEKTRO,
Mikulov, 2018, pp. 1-6.
10. https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/solutions-reference-designs/automotive-solutions/electro-mobility/electric-traction-for-small-vehicles-up-to-48v-bldc-
motors.html?querycriteria=productId=SS2034
11. Aman Jha, Bhim Singh, “Portable Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles ,“IEEE Inter. Conf. on Sust. Energy and Future Electric Trans., 21-23 Jan 2021.
55
CONTINUED…
12. A.Jha and B. Singh, “A PFC Modified Landsman Converter-Based PWM-Dimmable RGB HB-LED Driver for Large Area Projection Applications”, IEEE Trans. on Indus. App., vol. 53,
no. 2, pp. 1552-1561, Mar.-Apr. 2017.
13. A.Jha and B. Singh, "Power quality improvement using Bridgeless-Landsman converter for LED driver”, IET Power Electro., vol. 9, no. 13, pp. 2591-2601, Oct. 2016.
14. A.Jha and B. Singh, "High power factor and low total harmonics distortion using critical conduction mode boost converter–fed light-emitting diode driver”, Inter. Trans. on Elect.
Energy Systems, vol. 10, pp.1-11, Oct. 2016.
15. A.Jha and B. Singh, “Bridgeless canonical switching cell based PFC converter for high power LED driver”, EPE Journal, vol. 27, no.1, pp. 24-34, Mar 2017.
16. A.Jha and B. Singh,“PFC Buck-Boost Converter for High Power LED Driver with Lumen Control”, IETE Journal of Research, Aug.2017.
17. A.Jha and B. Singh, “Bridgeless SEPIC PFC Converter for Multistring LED Driver”, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B, PP.1-15, May 2018.
18. A.Jha and Kumar,“Evaluation of Smart Metering Scenario and Demonstration of Smart LED Streetlighting Using PLC” In: Pillai R. et al. (eds) ISGW 2018 Compendium of Technical
Papers. ISGW 2018. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 580. Springer, Singapore
56
CONTINUED…
19. A.Jha and B. Singh, “Landsman Based PFC with PWM Dimming for High Brightness LED Driver,” IEEE INDICON, pp.1-6, 17-20 Dec.2015.
20. A.Jha and B. Singh, "A PFC Modified-Landsman Converter Based PWM-Dimmable RGB HB-LED Driver for Large Area Projection Applications” IEEE IAS (ICPSPCIC), Hyderabad
(India), Nov. 19-21, 2015
21. A.Jha and B. Singh, "Power Quality Improvement Using CSC Converter for High Power LED Driver,” IEEE ICPS, 4-6 March 2016.
22. A.Jha and B. Singh,“PFC Based SEPIC Converter for PWM-Dimmable High Brightness LED Driver”. IEEE ICPEICES, 4-6 July 2016.
23. A.Jha and R. Mallik, “High Voltage Low Current LED Driver with High Efficiency and Low THD for Streetlight” IEEE ICPEICES, 4-6 July 2016.
24. A.Jha and B. Singh, “Zeta Based PFC Converter for Power Quality Improvement of High Power RGB LED Driver”, IEEE Indus. App. Soc. Ann. Meet., Portland, Oregon, USA, Oct. 02-
06, 2016.
25. A.Jha and B. Singh, “Modified Bridgeless Landsman PFC Converter for LED Driver” IEEE IICPE, 17-19, Nov. 2016.
26. A.Jha and B. Singh, “Cuk PFC Converter for High Brightness LED Driver with Brightness Control” IEEE PIICON, 25-27, Nov 2016.
27. A.Jha and B. Singh, “Bridgeless Buck-Boost PFC Converter for Multistring LED Driver”, IEEE Indus. App. Soc. Ann. Meet., Cincinnati, USA, Oct. 01-05, 2017.
57
CONTINUED...
28. A.Jha and B. Singh, “Bridgeless Buck-Boost PFC Converter for Multistring LED Driver”, IEEE Indus. App. Soc. Ann. Meet., Cincinnati, USA, Oct. 01-05, 2017.
29. A.Jha and B. Singh, "Bridgeless ZETA PFC converter for low voltage high current LED driver," 2017 6th International Conference on Computer Applications In Electrical Engineering-
Recent Advances (CERA), Roorkee, 2017, pp. 539-544.
30. A. Jha and M. Kumar, "Smart solar hybrid LED streetlight," 2017 Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), Noida, 2017, pp. 1-6.
31. A. Jha and M. Kumar, "A wide range constant current LED driver with improved power quality and zero standby," 2018 IEEMA Engineer Infinite Conference (eTechNxT), New
Delhi, 2018, pp. 1-6.
32. A.Jha and B. Singh, "A bridgeless boost PFC converter fed LED driver for high power factor and low THD," 2018 IEEMA Engineer Infinite Conference (eTechNxT), New Delhi, 2018,
pp. 1-6.
33. A. Jha and M. Kumar, "Smart LED Driver with Improved Power Quality and High Efficiency for Household Application," 2018 International Conference on Computing, Power and
Communication Technologies (GUCON), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2018, pp. 248-253.
34. A. Jha and M. Kumar, "Improved Power Quality LED Driver with SELV Norms for Streetlight Application," 2018 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and
Energy Systems (PEDES), Chennai, India, 2018, pp. 1-6.
35. A. Jha, "Design of Isolated Auxiliary AC-DC Converter Meeting Level VI Energy Efficiency Norms," 2019 International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication
Technologies (GUCON), NCR New Delhi, India, 2019, pp. 578-582.
36. A. Jha "Smart LED Streetlighting System with Improved Power Quality and Low Standby Consumption," 2019 3rd International Conference on Recent Developments in Control,
Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), NOIDA, India, 2019, pp. 131-136.
58
THANK YOU
59
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ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER

Presentation · February 2021

Aman Kumar Jha

Electric Vehicle Technology View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

DR. AMAN JHA

• EV Charging • Smart Charger (V2X)

• EV Charging • Smart Charger (V2X)

• Charging Scheme • Charger Presence

• Charging station, Off-Board Charger (DC Charger)

Images for representation purpose only

• The battery can be recharged anywhere

Images for representation purpose only

• Design specific for high or low

• Low stand-in charging time

Images for representation10

• EV Charging • Smart Charger (V2X)

Charge Onboard BMS

• 2 Parallel Connected Boost Topologies

Most Common OBC Power Level

2-3.6 kW 6.6-7.2 kW 10-11 kW 20-22 kW

< 15W 15W - 70W

• Type 1 • Tesla US • Type 2

Monitor Connection Between EV

Maximum Actual Charge

• EV Charging • Smart Charger (V2X)

Signal MOS/IGBT MOS/IGBT Signal

Signal MOS/IGBT MOS/IGBT Signal

3.3 VDC for MCUs

Signal MOS/IGBT MOS/IGBT Signal

3.3 VDC for MCUs

Signal MOS/IGBT MOS/IGBT Signal

• CCS –COMBO1 (USA) • CCS –COMBO2 (EU)

• EV Charging • Smart Charger (V2X)

▪ Increase the flexibility of charging. Bulk Renewable

▪ Higher utilization rates of fixed assets.

streams to EV owners. Electric Vehicles 32

Images for representation purpose only

• Local load balancing

• Shift the charging time slot and to adjust the charging

▪ Smart charging can help in controlling

▪ V2G, the electric cars can be used as

▪ The charging power is increased when the

▪ Customers can get more profit when the V2x

▪ The aggregated EVs can work as mass

▪ By doing so, the peak of both generation

▪ In the future, electric vehicles can even

▪ In case of a short duration failure, EVs can

• EV Charging • Smart Charger (V2X)

Voltage Levels (V) Typical usage Interface Power level (kW)

Dedicated Electric vehicle supply

Dedicated Electric vehicle supply

Dedicated Electric vehicle supply

This standard deals with electrical safety of

Standard is related to protection of Standard defines the safety rules for

This standard deals with protection of Standard is related to electrically propelled

• EV Charging • Smart Charger (V2X)

Chevrolet Li-Ion 0.96 – 1.4

Mitsubishi i- Li-Ion SAEJ1772

Nissan Leaf Li-Ion SAEJ1772 12 – 16 15 – 30

Tesla Li-Ion 9.6 – 16.8 4 – 12

▪ Government of India aspires to have 100% EVs by 2030