Human rights are moral principles or standards that describe certain entitlements to which all people are inherently deserving of as human beings. They are seen as universal, equal for all people, and requiring empathy and rule of law. There is ongoing debate around the precise definition and justifications of human rights, as well as which specific rights should be included. The doctrine of human rights has significantly influenced international law and global institutions.
Human rights are moral principles or standards that describe certain entitlements to which all people are inherently deserving of as human beings. They are seen as universal, equal for all people, and requiring empathy and rule of law. There is ongoing debate around the precise definition and justifications of human rights, as well as which specific rights should be included. The doctrine of human rights has significantly influenced international law and global institutions.
Human rights are moral principles or standards that describe certain entitlements to which all people are inherently deserving of as human beings. They are seen as universal, equal for all people, and requiring empathy and rule of law. There is ongoing debate around the precise definition and justifications of human rights, as well as which specific rights should be included. The doctrine of human rights has significantly influenced international law and global institutions.
• Human rights are moral principles or norms,[1] which describe certain standards
of human behaviour, and are regularly protected as legal
rights in municipal and international law.[2] They are commonly understood as inalienable[3] fundamental rights "to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being,"[4] and which are "inherent in all human beings"[5]regardless of their nation, location, language, religion, ethnic origin or any other status.[3] They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal,[1] and they are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone.[3] They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law[6] and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others,[1][3] and it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances;[3] for example, human rights may include freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture, and execution • The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law, global, and regional institutions.[3] Actions by states and non-governmental organisations form a basis of public policy worldwide. The idea of human rights[8] suggests that "if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights." The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable scepticism and debates about the content, nature and justifications of human rights to this day. The precise meaning of the term right is controversial and is the subject of continued philosophical debate;[9] while there is consensus that human rights encompasses a wide variety of rights[5] such as the right to a fair trial, protection against enslavement, prohibition of genocide, free speech,[10] or a right to education, there is disagreement about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights;[1] some thinkers suggest that human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses, while others see it as a higher standard • Human rights are the most fundamental and important of rights. They are the rights that the government in the United States spelled out in the Bill of Rights and the Constitution, and they are the rights that the United Nations aims to protect for all people. These rights would exist even without government protection or intervention. • • The right to life. • The right to liberty and freedom. • The right to the pursuit of happiness. • The right to live your life free of discrimination . he right to control what happens to your own body and to make medical .decisions for yourself. • The right to grow old. • The right to a fair trial and due process of the law. • The right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment. • The right to be free from torture. • The right to freedom of speech. • The right to freely associate with whomever you like and to join groups of which you'd like to be a part. • The right to freedom of thought . ? • A Human Rights Act will provide a range of enforceable remedies if our human rights have been breached. • One of the strengths of a Human Rights Act is that it will provide Queenslanders with an avenue to seek justice if our rights have been violated. If our human rights have been breached, we should have access to appropriate remedies. • A Human Rights Act is also likely to be educational. By clearly stating Queensland’s human rights and related responsibilities, a Human Rights Act will promote a greater awareness of, and respect for, human rights within government and throughout the community. If we have a strong human rights culture in Queensland, human rights problems will be more easily prevented. • Negative and positive rights (not to be confused with negative and positive liberties) are rights that respectively oblige either action (positive rights) or inaction (negative rights). These obligations may be of either a legal or moral character. The notion of positive and negative rights may also be applied to liberty rights. • To take an example involving two parties in a court of law: Adrian has a negative right to x against Clay if and only if Clay is prohibited from acting upon Adrian in some way regarding x. In contrast, Adrian has a positive right to x against Clay if and only if Clay is obliged to act upon Adrian in some way regarding x. A case in point, if Adrian has a negative right to life against Clay, then Clay is required to refrain from killing Adrian; while if Adrian has a positive right to life against Clay, then Clay is required to act as necessary to preserve the life of Adrian. • Rights considered negative rights may include civil and political rights such as freedom of speech, life, private property, freedom from violent crime, freedom of religion, habeas corpus, a fair trial, freedom from slavery. • Rights considered positive rights, as initially proposed in 1979 by the Czech jurist Karel Vasak, may include other civil and political rights such as police protection of person and property and the right to counsel, as well as economic, social and cultural rights such as food, housing, public education, employment, national security, military, health care, social security, internet access, and a minimum standard of living. In the "three generations" account of human rights, negative rights are often associated with the first generation of rights, while positive rights are associated with the second and third generations. • Some philosophers (see criticisms) disagree that the negative-positive rights distinction is useful or valid. Steps taken to Protect Human Rights in India
• Sati Practice has been prohibited in India.
• The minimum age for marriage has been fixed by law. A boy below the age of 21 and a girl below the age of 18 cannot marry. • The Protection of Human Rights Act, was enacted in 1993. • Right to Information act was passed in 2005. • Right to education has been accepted as a fundamental right in India. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act was passed in 2009. • Child Labor (below the age of 14) is prohibited in factories, and mines. Conclusion
• There is always a hierarchy in the subjects of human
rights law. No human rights can be detracted from the individual’s human rights, and human rights laws recognize certain rights of the groups. Moreover, the diversity of the cultures and civilization, beliefs and traditions, history and aspirations reflected in polico- legal system, give rise to ever changing meaning to ‘human rights’.