[NATURE

 PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF  THE  AIRPLANE.     1  
 
 

 
Figure 1 Above, joint work by Langley and Santos=Dumont to unravel the mysteries of flight - Below, a
tiny space reserved for Santos=Dumont. A lifetime of aerial accomplishments ignored by the
Smithsonian.

  July  4th,  2023  Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     1  
 
Nature  proves  that  
Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  
real  inventor  of  the  airplane.    
Luiz  Pagano    
FGV        -­‐  International  Business  and  Foreign  Trade  
 
ESPM  -­‐  BRANDING    

ABSTRACT
This  article  examines  the  scientific  documentation  of  Alberto  Santos=Dumont's  first  
historic  flight  in  history,  as  documented  in  the  November  8,  1906  issue  of  Nature  
magazine.  Before  this  documented  flight  by  Santos=Dumont,  there  is  no  other  
scientific  article,  from  any  other  source,  that  proves  that  someone  had  flown  before  
him,  not  even  the  Wright  brothers,  causing  the  brothers'  flight  to  be  treated  as  a  
mere  verbal  report,  no  different  from  the  flights  of  Shivkar  Talpade  in  1895,  8  years  
before  the  Wright  brothers  and  Clément  Ader's  Eole  (Avion  I),  on  9  October  1890,  
three  years  before.  Santos=Dumont's  flight  on  October  23,  1906,  marked  a  
significant  milestone  in  aviation  history,  as  he  piloted  a  flying  machine  on  the  
"heavier  than  air"  principle.  The  Nature  article  provides  a  comprehensive  account  
of  Santos=Dumont's  aircraft,  the  14-­bis,  its  design,  and  the  scientific  principles  
behind  its  operation.  By  surpassing  the  efforts  of  previous  aviation  enthusiasts,  
Santos=Dumont's  flight  filled  the  prerequisites  for  scientific  recognition  and  
sparked  renewed  interest  in  the  field.  This  article  highlights  the  importance  of  
Santos=Dumont's  achievement  as  the  first  scientifically  documented  flight,  
showcasing  his  significant  contributions  to  the  advancement  of  aeronautics.  

  2  
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF  
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   3  
 

 
 
Figure 2 Nature magazine article - flight birth certificate - Santos=Dumont is the father

Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     3  
 
SUMMARY  
 
1.  Introduction  
2.  The  Milestone  Flight  
3.  Scientific  Documentation  
4.  Historical  Context  
5.  The  Article  
6.  Recognition  and  Implications  
7.  The  First  “Manned”  Flying  Machine  -­  Issue  Date  
08  November  1906  
Nature  
8.   The  first  scientifically  documented  flight  by  the  Wright  brothers  
9.   Who  Was  Glenn  Curtis  
10.  Inexplicable  Gaps  
11.  General  considerations  
12.  Why  is  this  beverage  still  not  available  to  the  general  public?  
13.  Inventors  by  Contract  
14.  Conclusion  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On   October   23,   1906,   a   significant  
milestone   in   the   history   of   aviation  
was  reached.  Alberto  Santos=Dumont    
Introduction: successfully   piloted   a   flying   machine,  
constructed   on   the   "heavier   than   air"  
The   history   of   aviation   is   marked   by   principle,  which  ascended  several  feet  
the   pioneering   efforts   of   individuals   from   the   ground   and   covered   a  
who   pushed   the   boundaries   of   flight.   distance  of  eighty  yards  under  its  own  
One   such   figure   is   Alberto=Santos   power.   This   accomplishment   was  
Dumont,   a   Brazilian   aviation   pioneer,   extensively  documented  in  the  Nature  
whose   achievements   left   an   indelible   magazine   article   titled   "The   First  
mark   on   the   development   of   manned   'Manned'  Flying  Machine."  
flight.   This   article   explores   the    
significance   of   Santos=Dumont's   Before   this   documented   flight   by  
documented   flight   in   1906,   as   Santos=Dumont,   there   is   no   other  
highlighted   in   an   article   published   in   scientific   article,   from   any   other  
the  November  8,  1906  issue  of  Nature   source,  that  proves  that  someone  had  
magazine.   flown  before  him,  not  even  the  Wright  
  brothers,   causing   the   brothers'   flight  
2 -The Milestone Flight: to  be  treated  as  a  mere  verbal  report,  
no  different  from  the  flights  of  Shivkar  

  4  
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF  
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   5  
 
Talpade   in   1895,   8   years   before   the    
Wright   brothers   and   Clément   Ader's  
Eole   (Avion   I),   on   9   October   1890,  
three  years  before.  
 
3-Scientific Documentation:
 
The   Nature   article   describes  
Santos=Dumont's   aircraft,   the   14   bis,  
built   on   the   aeroplane   principle   with  
 
two  wheels  and  powered  by  an  eight-­ Figure 3 The flight of the 14-Bis from
cylinder,   60   h.p.   motor.   The   machine   Santos=Dumont was made in the presence of
the technical committee of the Aero-club of
weighed   approximately   750   lb.,   Paris, filmed, documented and photographed.
including   the   driver.   The   article   at that time there were reports of other
provides   a   detailed   account   of   the   successful flights, but they were just rumors
without
machine's   design,   including   its   T-­
shaped   configuration,   the   rudder    
arrangement,   and   the   position   of   the   5- Recognition and Implications:
motor  and  driven  fan.  
  The   Nature   article   acknowledges  
The   article   also   recognizes   the   Santos   Dumont's   significant  
significance   of   Santos=Dumont's   contribution  to  the  field  of  aeronautics,  
achievement,   highlighting   that   his   as  he  combined  the  best  ideas  of  his  
successful  flight  surpassed  the  efforts   predecessors   with   his   own   ingenuity  
of   many   aviation   enthusiasts   to  create  a  practical  flying  machine.  It  
worldwide   who   had   been   striving   for   highlights   the   role   of   the   petrol   motor  
similar   results.   It   emphasizes   the   in  facilitating  progress,  enabling  high-­
meticulous  documentation  of  the  flight   powered  yet  lightweight  engines  to  be  
and  the  scientific  principles  underlying   constructed.  
Santos  Dumont's  invention.    
  Moreover,   Santos=Dumont's  
4-Historical Context: documented  flight  in  1906  is  expected  
to   reinvigorate   further   advancements  
To   place   Santos=Dumont's   in   aviation.   The   article   emphasizes  
accomplishment  in  context,  the  article   the  importance  of  his  achievement  as  
refers   to   the   experiments   conducted   a   starting   point   for   those   who   have  
by   German   aviator   Otto   Lilienthal   in   the  resources  and  time  to  explore  the  
1893.   Lilienthal's   gliding   machines,   possibilities   of   successful   aeroplane  
slightly   reminiscent   of   Santos   design  and  flight.  
Dumont's   aeroplane   design,   played   a    
role   in   advancing   the   understanding   6-The Article
of   soaring   flight.   The   article   further    
mentions  the  work  of  Percy  S.  Pilcher   Read  the  article  as  written  below:  
in   England,   who   recognized   the    
importance   of   incorporating   motive   7-The First “Manned” Flying
power   into   gliding   machines   and   Machine - Issue Date
began   developing   a   lightweight   08 November 1906
engine  before  his  untimely  death.   Nature

Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     5  
 
   the   junction   of   the   two   main   inclined  
OCTOBER  23  of  the  present  year  will   arms.    
be  remembered  as  a  red-­letter  day  in    
the   history   of   flying   machines,   for   it   Now   that   success   has   rewarded   this  
was   on   that   day   that   the   first   flying   daring   investigator,   it   is   of   interest   to  
machine,   constructed   on   the   “heavier   take   a   cursory   glance   at   the   steps  
than  air”  principle,  successfully  raised   which   ultimately   led   the   way   to  
itself   and   its   driver   from   the   ground   success.    
several   feet,   and   transported   itself   by    
means   of   its   own   power   over   a   One   naturally,   in   the   first   instance,  
distance  of  eighty  yards.   calls   to   mind   the   very   interesting  
  experiments   carried   out   in   1893   by  
In   this   his   first   successful   flight   with   Herr   Otto   Lilienthal   near   Berlin  
this  machine,  M.  Santos  Dumont  is  to   (NATURE,  vol.  xlix.,  p.  157),  because  
be  sincerely  congratulated,  for  he  has   Santos   Dumont's   aeroplane   is,  
accomplished   a   performance   which   generally   speaking,   somewhat   after  
many  workers  in  different  parts  of  the   the  style  of  the  gliding  machines  used  
world   have   been   striving   after   for   by   him.   Lilienthal's   experiments   were  
many   years   past   and   failed.     M.   confined   to   trying   to   learn   soaring,  
Santos   Dumont's   machine   is   built   on   and   he   employed   slightly   curved  
the  aëroplane  principle,  and  mounted   wings   having   a   surface   of   about   15  
on   two   wheels.   It   is   fitted   with   an   square   metres.   With   this   inclined  
eight-­cylinder,  60  h.p.  motor  weighing   planes,   and   eventually   vertical   and  
about   170   lb.,   and   drives   an   horizontal   rudders,   he   started   from  
aluminium   fan,   which   makes   1000   to   the  top  of  a  hill,  and  after  a  few  steps  
1500  revolutions  a  minute.  The  motor   forward  jumped  into  the  air  and  glided  
is   the   work   of   the   Adams   sometimes   250   metres.   Lilienthal  
Manufacturing   Company,   England.     depended   for   the   success   of   his  
With   its   driver   the   machine   weighs   apparatus   on   himself,   trusting   to   his  
about  750  lb.     instinct  to  be  able  to  keep  his  balance  
  by   making   the   necessary  
The   aëroplane   is   shaped   like   a   large   compensating  adjustments  by  moving  
T  placed  horizontally.  The  short  arms   his   own   centre   of   gravity.   In   later  
of  the  T  are  slightly  inclined  upwards,   experiments   he   employed   some  
and   are   each   composed   of   three   mechanical   aid   to   assist   him   in  
compartments,   like   three   box-­kites   sustaining   himself   longer   in   the   air.  
tied  together  side  by  side.  At  the  base   This   consisted   of   a   small   machine  
of  the  T  is  a  large  compartment,  also   driven   by   compressed   carbonic   acid  
like   a   box-­kite,   and   by   manipulating   gas,  and  operating  a  series  of  feather-­
about  a  horizontal  axis  the  upper  and   like   sails   which   were   capable   of  
lower   surfaces   act   as   a   powerful   flapping.   He   found   that   occasional  
rudder.  This  rudder  arrangement  is  at   flapping  of  these  wings  helped  him  to  
the   front   end   of   the   aëroplane,   and   cover  longer  distances.    
the   operator   stands   on   a   platform    
midway   between,   and   nearly   on   a   In   1895   he   adopted   a   new   principle,  
level   with,   the   lower   surfaces   of   the   and   instead   of   using   one   large  
two   main   inclined   arms.   The   driven   framework,   employed   two   smaller  
fan   is   situated   at   the   rear   of   the   ones,   placed   parallel   one   above   the  
machine,   just   behind   the   operator,   at   other;;   this   method   he   found   distinctly  

  6  
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF  
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   7  
 
advantageous   (NATURE,   Vol.   lii.,   p.   In   this   pioneer   work   of   navigating   the  
300).     air  the  work  of  Hiram  Maxim  and  S.  P.  
  Langley  must  not  be  forgotten.  Maxim  
About   this   time   Lilienthal's   soaring   made  numerous  attempts  to  drive  his  
experiments   began   to   be   taken   up   flying  machine  at  such  a  speed  that  it  
both   in   this   country   and   in   America.   would  be  lifted  off  the  rails  on  which  it  
Mr.   Percy   'S.   Pilecher   in   England   ran,   but   on   fully   accomplished.  
gained   considerable   experience   both   Further,   it   was   not   known   whether   it  
in   the   making   and   in   the   handling   of   would  capsize  or  not  if  it  was  set  free.  
these   aeroplanes   (NATURE,   vol.   Ivi.,   Langley,   on   the   other   hand,   was  
p.  344).  Unfortunately,  as  in  the  case   undoubtedly   the   first   to   demonstrate  
of   Herr   Lilienthal,   an   accident   during   that  a  machine  heavier  than  air  could  
his  experiments  re  sulted  in  his  death.   be  made  to  travel  in  the  air  driven  by  
Pilcher,   however,   was   quite   aware   of   its   own   all   "unmanned,"   but  
the   importance   of   using   some   motive   nevertheless   much   valuable   in-­  
power,   and   some   time   before   his   formation  was  accumulated.    
death   proposed   to   employ,   and    
actually   began   to   make,   a   small   and   This   the   last   achievement   of   Santos  
light  engine,  indicating  about  4  h.p.,  to   Dumont   will   no   doubt   give   a   fresh  
drive   a   fan,   this   being   considered   by   impetus   to   the   problem   of   flight,   and  
him   as   more   than   sufficient   for   flights   those   who   have   the   money   and   time  
of  moderate  length.  With  this  advance   have   now   before   them   a   successful  
it   was   hoped   that   much   greater   aeroplane  that  can  serve  as  a  starting  
distances   could   be   covered,   and   a   point.    
nearer   approximation   to   a   flying    
machine  attained.     8-The first scientifically
  documented flight by the Wright
There  is  little  doubt  that  if  Pilcher  had   brothers
been   spared   he   would   soon   have    
constructed   and   made   use   of   the   The   Wright   brothers'   first   effectively  
latest   and   lightest   form   of   motor,   and   public  flight  took  place  only  on  August  
probably   been   led   to   use   the   double-­ 8,   1908,   in   which   they   were   duly  
decked  form  of  aeroplane  adopted  by   accompanied   by   a   scientific  
Santos  Dumont.     committee,   documented   by   photos  
  and   filmed   in   the   presence   of   the  
By   embodying   the   best   ideas   of   his   general   public.   Prior   to   that,   all   other  
predecessors   and   using   his   own   alleged   flights   had   no   proper  
ingenuity   to   make   the   aeroplane   a   documentation,   were   merely   based  
practical   flying   machine,   Santos   on   out-­of-­context   allegations   and  
Dumont  has  advanced  the  science  of   photos,   not   different   from   flights  
aeronautics  a  very  considerable  step.   performed   by   pioneers   prior   to  
The  petrol  motor  has  no  doubt  helped   Dumont.  
greatly   in   facilitating   this   progress,    
since   high-­powered   engines   of   Here   I   make   an   overview   of   the  
comparatively  very  light  weight  can  be   argument   that   Marcos   Palhares,  
constructed.   defending   pimazia   by  
  Santos=Dumont,   presented   in   a   live  
made   on   November   12th  

Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     7  
 
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m The   truth   is   that   there   was   in   the  
twkNha7Ks4&t=418s   ),   in   celebration   United   States   the   so-­called   'Patent  
of   the   115th   anniversary   of   the   first   War',   started   by   the   Wright   brothers,  
flight   of   14-­Bis,   beside   me,   Luiz   in   which   the   magistrate   ends   up  
Pagano   writer   of   this   blog   and   of   benefiting   the   secret   and   implausible  
Henrique   Lins   de   Barros,   greatest   Wright   flights,   reducing   the  
specialist   and   biographer   of   importance   of   other   really   important  
Santos=Dumont.   American   pioneers,   like   Langley  
  himself,   and   the   incredible   Glenn  
It   all   started   when   Palhares   visited   Curtiss,  completely  ignoring  events  in  
The   National   Air   and   Space   Museum   France  and  the  rest  of  the  world.  
in   Washington,   DC,   he   was   looking    
for   something   about   Santos=Dumont,   These   were   flights   defended   by  
and  was  enormously  frustrated  to  find   judges  of  law  and  not  by  scientists.  
only   a   small   model   and   with   sayings    
that   disparaged   the   Santos=Dumont   9- Who Was Glenn Curtis
flight   compared   to   the   Wright    
brothers.   To   understand   why   it's   important   to  
  'some'   Americans   that   the  
Santos=Dumont   story   be   obliterated,  
it's   important   to   know   who   Glenn  
Curtis  was.  
 

 
Figure 4 After a history of great scientific
achievements, Santos=Dumont has only one
model in the museum. Why is the Smithsonian
so dismissive of Santos=Dumont's
accomplishments? "It seems that the
Smithsonian hides some important fact from
the public eye" says Palhares

   
The   institution   had   a   strong  
connection   with   Santos=Dumont   in  
the  past,  in  part  due  to  the  friendship    
of   Dumont   and   Samuel   Pierpont   Figure 5 Flight of Glenn Kurtiss
Langley,   another   great   pioneer   of    
American  aviation  and  third  secretary   Glenn   Hammond   Curtiss   (May   21,  
of   the   Smithsonian,   occupying   the   1878   –   July   23,   1930)   was   perhaps  
position  from  1887  to  1906.   the   most   important   pioneer   of  
  American   aviation   and   founder   of   the  
We   know   that   airship   #9   belongs   to   US   aircraft   industry.   He   began   his  
the   museum,   among   other   marvels   career   as   a   rider   and   bicycle   builder  
made   by   the   aviator   –   why   then   are   before  moving  into  motorcycle  racing,  
they  not  exposed?   in   1904   he   began   manufacturing  
  airship   engines   and   in   1908   Curtiss  
joined   the   Aerial   Experiment  

  8  
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF  
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   9  
 
Association,   a   pioneering   research   with   the   Olympic   Games,   an   ideal  
group   founded   by   Alexander   Graham   moment   for   the   Wrights   to   show   his  
Bell   in   Beinn   Bhreagh,   Nova   Scotia,   invention   since   the   organizing  
to  build  aircraft.   committee   would   even   give   prizes   to  
  whoever   flew   at   the   event   –   but   they  
Curtiss   worked   in   daylight,   created   didn't  go  to  the  Fair.  
the   Curtiss   Airplane   and   Motor    
Company.   His   company   built   aircraft   Hamburgers,   soft   drinks   and   Hot  
for  the  US  Army  and  Navy,  and  during   Dogs   were   popularized   at   this   fair,  
the   years   leading   up   to   World   War   I,   which   had   enormous   cultural  
his   seaplane   experiments   led   to   importance   for   American   history,  
advances  in  naval  aviation.   which   was   attended   by   Langley,  
  Thomas  Baldwin  and  William  Avery.  
The   Wright   brothers,   for   their   part,    
who   claimed   to   have   made   the   self-­ Santos=Dumont   went   but   had   his  
propelled   flight   on   December   17,   airship   #7   cut   by   a   knife,   possibly   in  
1903,   never   had   an   engine   (which   an  act  of  sabotage,  on  June  26,  1904,  
makes   such   a   flight   an   absolute   and   the   long-­awaited   presentation   he  
impossibility).   A   patent   applied   for   by   would   make,   enormously   anticipated  
the   brothers   called   U.S.   Patent   by   the   American   public,   who   by   now  
821,393,   granted   on   May   22,   1906,   loved   Dumont   ,   cannot   see   his   flight  
shows   a   glider,   not   different   from   the   (see  
one  the  Ukita  Kōkichi  used  to  jump  off   https://santosdumontvida.blogspot.co
the  Ashigawa  River  Bridge  118  years   m/2012/02/como-­santosdumont-­fara-­
earlier   (see   the   first   part   of   this   seu-­voo-­sobre.html  )  
article).    
  What   then   explains   the   fact   that   the  
10-Inexplicable Gaps Wright   brothers   didn't   show   their  
  plane   at   the   event?   Wouldn't   a   flying  
Since   the   alleged   1903   flight,   as   well   demo   help   them   sell   their   airplane?  
as   the   Wrights'   own   plane   called   the   Could   it   be   that   they   weren't  
'Flyer',   everything   was   hidden   from   interested  in  the  prize?  
the   public   and   the   attempted   flights    
only  appear  in  the  form  of  newspaper   In   1905   the   brothers   claim   to   have  
notes,   never   with   photos,   while   their   flown   for   38   minutes,   and   no   one  
fellow   countrymen   Curtiss   and   knew   which   engine   they   would   have  
Langley  tried  their  flights  in  a  scientific   done   it   with,   but   in   the   1908   public  
way,   sharing   and   publishing   their   demonstration,   in   which   the   plane  
results   in   extensive   reports   with   was  catapulted  into  the  air,  they  could  
diagrams   and   photos,   in   magazines   not   stay   in   the   air   for   more   than   2  
respected   by   the   medium   such   as   minutes   per   launch,   losing   altitude  
Scientific  American  and  Nature.   with  each  flight  until  landing.  
   
That's   when   the   1904   Universal   At   the   same   time,   in   addition   to   the  
Exposition,   also   called   the   St.   Louis   first   documented   flight   in   history   on  
World's   Fair,   was   born,   a   world   fair   November   12,   1906   made   by   the   14-­
that   took   place   from   April   30th   to   Bis,   Farman   won   the   third  
December   1st,   1904,   in   conjunction   Archdeacon   award   using   an  

Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     9  
 
Antoinette   engine,   for   performing   the   did   not   have   the   scientific   recognition  
first   circular   flight,   Louis   Bleriot   and   of  the  Smithsonian  Institute.  
Joseph   Lagrange   who   also   used   a    
Antoinettes  also  flew  and  remained  in   Another   important   point   to   note   here  
the  air  longer  than  the  Wrights.   is   that,   while   the   Wrights   defended  
  their   meager   feats   with   animalistic  
aggression,   Domont,   as   always,  
elegantly  wrote  in  his  book  O  Que  Eu  
Vi   O   Que   Nós   Veremos,  
Santos=Duomnt  1918:  
 
“The   following   year   the   Farman  
airplane   made   flights   that   became  
famous;;   it   was   this   inventor-­aviator  
who   first   got   a   round-­trip   flight.   After  
him  came  Bleriot,  and  only  two  years  
later   did   the   Wright   brothers   make  
their  flights.  It  is  true  that  they  claim  to  
have  made  others,  but  in  secret.  
 
  I   don't   want   to   disparage   the  
Figure 6 flight of Louis Bleriot
achievements   of   the   Wright   brothers,  
So  why  then  did  public  opinion  decide   for   whom   I   have   the   greatest  
to   accept   the   Wright   brothers   as   the   admiration;;   but   it   is   undeniable   that,  
first   to   fly   at   the   expense   of   all   the   only   after   us,   they   presented  
others   who   were   far   more   successful   themselves   with   a   device   superior   to  
and  scientific?   ours,  saying  that  it  was  a  copy  of  one  
  they  had  built  before  ours.  Right  after  
The  answer  to  that  question  is  simple!   the   Wright   brothers,   Levavassor  
The   Wrights   filed   patent   applications,   appears   with   the   airplane  
paid   lawyers   to   redeem   their   rights   "Antoinette",   superior   to   anything   that  
against   anyone   who   claimed   to   existed   then;;   Levavassor   had   been  
diminish   or   equal   their   deeds,   it   was   working   on   solving   the   flight   problem  
said   at   the   time   that   no   one   could   for   20   years;;   he   could   therefore   say  
wave  their  arms,  imitating  the  flapping   that  his  apparatus  was  a  copy  of  one  
of   their   wings,   as   they   ran   the   risk   of   built  many  years  before.  But  he  didn't.  
being  sued  by  the  Wright.    
  What   would   Edison,   Graham   Bell   or  
Even  so,  the  Smithsonian  maintained   Marconi   say   if,   after   they   presented  
as   an   aviation   pioneer,   believe   it   or   the   electric   lamp,   the   telephone   and  
not,   Samuel   Langley,   who   even   the   cordless   telegraph   in   public,  
without   having   had   absolute   success   another   inventor   presented   himself  
with   his   1903   flight,   received   the   title   with   a   better   electric   lamp,   telephone  
of   'Father   of   American   Aviation',   and   or   wireless   telephone   apparatus  
then   in   1914,   Gleen   Curtis   saying   that   he   had   them   built   before  
successfully   reproduced   the   them?!  
Aerodome   flight   with   modifications   To   whom   does   humanity   owe   air  
made   in   order   to   fly.   This   title   lasted   navigation  for  the  heavier  than  air?  
until  the  year  1948  –  until  that  point  in    
american  history,  the  Wrights  brothers  

  10  
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF   1
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   1  
 
To   the   Wright   brothers'   experiments,   Why  then  do  we  let  the  world  believe  
made  on  the  sly  (they  are  the  ones  to   it  was  the  Wrights?  
say   that   they   did   everything   possible    
so   that   none   of   the   results   of   their   The   answer   to   this   question   may  
experiments   transpired)   and   which   generate   revolt   in   some   of   us  
were  so  ignored  in  the  world,  that  we   Brazilians,   as   it   is   closely   linked   with  
see   everyone   qualifying   mine   as   the   self-­inflicted   "stray   mutt   complex"  
"memorable   minute   in   the   history   of   (complexo   de   Vira-­Latas)   that   some  
aviation,"   or   is   it   the   Farmans,   Bleriot   Brazilians   voluntarily   submit  
and   me   that   we   did   all   our   themselves   to   when   compared   to   the  
demonstrations   in   front   of   scientific   rest   of   the   world,   with   self-­sabotage  
committees  and  in  full  sunlight?"   and   limitless   destructiveness   power,  
  which  greatly  delays  our  development  
and   seems   to   cause   a   kind   of  
collective   schizophrenia,   as   well   as   a  
setback   karma,   very   difficult   to   be  
redeemed  in  several  generations.  
 
It's   very   important   for   us,   Brazilians,  
to   take   this   scolding   and   start   to  
change,   because   right   now   there   are  
Brazilians,   as   or   even   more  
remarkable   than   Santos=Dumont,  
working   on   ingenious   discoveries,  
aimed  at  the  good  of  humanity,  which  
deserves   our   full   support   (eg  
Professor   Nicolelis,   Ester   Caldeira  
Sabino,  Jaqueline  Goes,  etc.).  
 
At   this   very   moment,   I'm   doing   a  
research  and  developing  a  production  
process  for  'Cauim',  with  the  objective  
of   bringing   this   ancestral   alcoholic  
beverage   from   South   America   to   be  
 
Figure 7 On March 23, 1903 The Wright consumed   by   the   general   public  
Brothers applied for a patent which was through   modern   production  
granted on May 22, 1906, "Patent No. 821393"
(U.S.A.) the patent is not for an airplane but for
processes,   (traditional   indigenous  
a glider (no engine) beverage   made   out   of   fermented  
manioca,   Brazilian   kind   of   casava),  
  with   socio-­cultural   purposes   of   great  
11- General considerations value  to  Brazil.    
   
Anyone   who   sees   Palhares'   Over   the   last   10   years,   I   have  
exposition   of   facts   gets   immediately   encountered   all   kinds   of   barriers   to  
convinced  that  Dumont  was  without  a   advancing   the   project,   mainly   on   the  
doubt  the  inventor  of  heavier-­than-­air.   part   of   inspection   departments,  
  without   the   slightest   incentive   to  
technological   development,   having   to  
Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     1
1  
 
pay   for   research,   experiments   and  
travel  out  of  my  pocket,  having  to  deal  
with   the   enormous   bureaucracy,  
which  has  already  delayed  the  launch  
by   more   than   5   years,   with   no  
prospect  of  a  date  for  the  creation  of  a  
new   category   by   the   Ministry   of  
Agriculture,   Livestock   and   Supply  
(MAPA),  It  is  a  drink  widely  known  by  
Brazilians,   perhaps   even   more  
popular   than   chachaça,   certainly  
more   Brazilian   than   cachaça,   which  
predates   the   arrival   of   settlers   in   the  
Americas.  
   
Figure 8 Luiz Pagano and the Cesna 140 that
12- Why is this beverage still not belonged to Dona Ada Rogato - - "How can this
available to the general public? plane survive its owner?! - When I was 16, I
  met one of the most special women in my life (I
apologize to my wife Jane for that), it was Dona
Cauim   has   the   potential,   for   ethnic   Ada Rogato. In 1983, I wanted to work, do
groups  that  decide  to  join  the  project,   something interesting - I started as a volunteer
of   promoting   their   culture   in   a   cleaning planes at the old aeronautics
museum, in Oca do Ibirapuera, in São Paulo
sustainable   way,   maintaining   and   ,Brazil. The two other guys who cleaned planes
even  expanding  the  areas  of  standing   with me, 'Colina' and 'Odilon', gave the
forest,   generating   a   return   of   socio-­ following suggestion: -Go and ask that little
lady, a bucket and solvent, to erase the
economic   resources   in   a   way   that   is   scribbles of this Cessna." I never thought that
unprecedented  in  our  history.   anyone could curse me more than she... It was
  the plane that Dona Ada used to
circumnavigate the Americas, every place she
Another   experience   I   had   with   our   stopped, the locals signed and posted
people's  disregard  for  our  own  legacy   affectionate messages. Before leaving the
and   culture,   as   well   as   the   issue   of   museum, we stayed with her to hear one of her
various adventures, in which she often had to
museum   management   and   our   put her life at risk because of that plane and its
cultural   heritage,   happened   when   I   signatures."
was   15~16   years   old,   when   I   worked  
with   Mrs.   Ada   Rogato,   brazilian   I   volunteered   to   clean   the   museum  
pioneer  of  aviation  that  in  1951,  made   and   the   aircrafts,   and   the   only  
the   famous   flight   across   the   three   payment   I   got   was   listening   to   the  
Americas,  with  a  Cessna  140.   amazing   stories   Mrs.   Ada   use   to   tell  
  us,   every   day   at   the   end   of   the  
working   hours.   She   literally   carried  
the   museum   on   her   back.   After   her  
death,   the   museum   left   Oca   do  
Ibirapuera   and   the   collection   was  
spread   out   in   a   very   irregular   way,  
without   us   knowing   where   and   how  
they  are  kept.  
 
While   people   from   other   nations   fight  
for   their   scientists   to   shine   in   the  
academic   world   and   gather   together  
to   inscribe   them   for   the   Nobel   Prize,  

  12  
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF   1
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   3  
 
we   here   give   little   importance   to   this   commemorating   the   115   years   of   the  
and   keep   our   hands   in   our   pockets   first  flight  of  Santos=Dumont,  it  was  a  
asking  “when  will  a  Brazilian  receive  a   beautiful  moment  in  my  life.    
Nobel  Prize?  ”    
  This   post   is   a   mere   summary,  
reporting   my   impressions   of   the   LIVE  
-­   I   strongly   suggest   that   you   watch   it  
in  full  so  that  you  can  draw  your  own  
conclusions.  
 
13- Inventors by Contract
 
To   explain   why   Santos=Dumont   was  
practically   obliterated   from   aviation  
history   by   the   Smithsonian   an   article  
titled   "Smithsonian   releases   Wright  
brothers   agreement   detailing   'first   in  
flight'  claims"  explains  the  case.  
 
  Published   by   Fox   News   on   October  
Figure 9 Henry Farman flight
20,   2015   by   Jeremy   Kaplan,   the  
While   in   the   United   States   there   are   article   says   that   the   Smithsonian   has  
landmarks   and   memorials   of   the   publicly   disclosed   the   1948   contract  
Wrights'   achievements   in   Dayton,   between  the  Orville  Wright  estate  and  
Washington   and   practically   all   other   the   institution,   which   states   that   the  
states,   here   in   Brazil   the   museum   of   Smithsonian   must   recognize   the  
the   oca   was   closed   and   its   collection   Wright   brothers   as   the   first   in   flight.  
was   inadvertently   spread   throughout   The   agreement   prevents   the  
Brazil.   We   allowed   the   Cabangu   Smithsonian   from   claiming   that   any  
Museum   to   be   closed   due   to   lack   of   aircraft   prior   to   the   Wrights'   plane   in  
funds  and  for  the  National  Museum  in   1903   was   capable   of   carrying   a   man  
Quinta   da   Boa   Vista   to   go   up   in   under   its   own   power   in   controlled  
flames   on   the   last   2nd   of   September   flight.  
2018.    
  Disclaimer  
While   Tom   Crouch,   curator   of   the    
Sithsonian   since   1974,   has   written   Before   moving   forward   with   this  
two   books   about   the   brothers   and   matter,  it  is  very  important  to  say  that  
defends   the   Wrights'   achievements   we   must   respect   all   aeronautics  
tooth   and   nail,   here   we   have   a   pioneers   for   their   wonderful   deeds,  
leadership   of   museums   that   barely   the   Wright   brothers   did   incredible  
know  the  story  of  Santos=Dumont.   things,   as   much   as   other   pioneers.   I  
  do  not  intend  to  diminish  the  image  of  
I   was   flattered   by   the   invitation,   the   Brothers,   however,   I   want   the  
together  with  Henrique  Lins  de  Barros   space   reserved   for   great  
and   Marcos   Palhares,   rescuing   the   achievements   of   Santos=Dumont   to  
importance   of   this   Brazilian   hero   to   be  ensured  within  a  scientific  context,  
inspire   new   generations,   on   the   day   not   a   political   one,   even   more   so  
Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     1
3  
 
within   an   institution   as   grand   as   the    
Smithsonian  Museum.   In   the   1920s,   there   was   a   falling   out  
  between   Langley   and   the   Wright  
With   that   said,   we   continue   with   the   brothers,   as   both   claimed   to   have  
article.   invented   the   airplane.   The   Wrights  
  claimed  to  have  performed  successful  
The   article   suggests   that   an   aviation   flights  in  their  aircraft,  the  Flyer,  while  
historian   argues   that   the   contract   is   Langley,   who   carried   out   his  
wrong   and   forces   the   museum   to   experiments   in   the   eyes   of   the  
ignore   the   truth.   The   Smithsonian   scientific   commission,   did   not   obtain  
decided   to   release   the   contract   satisfactory  flight  results.  
publicly  to  allow  the  world  to  make  its    
own  decisions.   In   protest   against   the   museum's  
  unwillingness  to  acknowledge  that  the  
According   to   Peter   Jakab,   associate   Flyer  flew,  Orville  Wright  in  1928  sent  
director   of   curatorial   affairs   at   the   the   Flyer   to   London   with   the   help   of  
Smithsonian  Museum,  before  heavier-­ the  important  pilot  Charles  Lindbergh,  
than-­air   flying   apparatus   existed,   the   who   joined   Orville   Wright   to   oppose  
Smithsonian  Institution  sponsored  the   the  Smithsonian  Institution,  which  had  
experiments   of   Samuel   Langley,   an   always   credited   Langley   with   for  
astronomer   and   physicist   who   had   carrying   out   experiments   within   the  
been   doing   flight   experiments.   At   this   scientific   framework   accepted   at   the  
point   it   is   important   to   say   that   time,  hurting  the  inventors'  egos.  
Santos=Dumont   and   Langley   knew    
the   work   that   both   were   doing,   unlike   The   Flyer   remained   on   display   at   the  
the  Wrights  who  worked  in  secret.   Science   Museum   in   London   until  
  1942,   after   which   it   was   sent   into  
storage  during  World  War  II  alongside  
the  Magna  Carta  and  Crown  Jewels.  
 
Shortly   after   World   War   II,   the   US  
government   understood   that   it   was  
very   important   to   follow   the   narrative  
that   the   Flyer   would   have   been   the  
first  to  fly  and  contacted  the  executors  
of   Orville   Wright's   will.   They   struck   a  
deal   to   bring   the   Flyer   back   to  
America,   stating   that   the   Flyer   would  
always   be   displayed   with   a   tag  
acknowledging   its   status   as   the   first  
true   airplane,   in   response   to   the  
Langley   controversy,   and   dismissing  
the  pioneering  spirit  of  any  other  great  
  inventor.  involved  in  I  fly  from  heavier  
Figure 10 Samuel Langley, visiting
Santos=Dumont's hangar in Saint-Cloud to
than   air,   whoever   he   is,   an   American  
follow the experiments with Airship Number 4, or  a  foreigner.  
on August 8, 1900. Both scientists collaborated  
with each other to bring flight to humanity.
How many important scientific reports have
I wonder, how many other
been deliberately hidden from the eyes of important scientific reports have
science because of the policy of a contract? been deliberately hidden from the

  14  
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF   1
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   5  
 
eyes of science because of the Wright   will   be   carried   out   and   the  
policy of a contract? highest  and  best  interest  of  the  estate  
  will   be   served   by   recognizing   the  
For   reasons   of   alignment   with   public   in-­   terest   and   has   accordingly  
American   ideals,   the   director   of   the   authorized   and   directed   the   Vendors  
museum   felt   obliged   to   accept   the   to  enter  into  this  Agreement,  
terms   of   the   contract   for   the   Flyer   to    
return   to   the   United   States,   even   if   NOW,   THEREFORE,   THIS  
this   was   contrary   to   the   scientific   AGREEMENT  WITNESSETH:  
purposes  of  the  serious  institution.    
  1.   For   the   consideration   hereinafter  
THE TEXT OF THE AGREEMENT set   forth   the   Vendors   agree   to   sell  
  and   do   hereby   sell   to   the   United  
THIS   AGREEMENT   made   by   and   States   of   America,   and   agree   to  
between   HAROLD   S.   MILLER   and   deliver   to   the   United   States   National  
HAROLD  W.  STEEPER  as  Executors   Museum,   Washington,   D.C.,   within  
of   the   Last   Will   and   Testament   of   the   current   fiscal   year   ending   June  
Orville   Wright,   deceased,   hereinafter   30,  1949,  and  subject  to  the  terms  of  
called   the   Vendors,   Parties   of   the   this   Agreement,   the   original   Wright  
First  Part,  and  THE  UNITED  STATES   Aeroplane  of  1903.  
OF   AMERICA,   hereinafter   called   the    
Vendee,   Party   of   the   Second   Part,   2.   In   consideration   thereof   the  
WITNESSETH:   Vendee  agrees  to  pay  to  the  Vendors  
  the  sum  of  One  ($1.00)  Dollar  in  cash  
WHEREAS   there   is   included   in   the   and   to   comply   with   the   following  
residuary   estate   of   Orville   Wright   the   requirements:  
Wright   Aeroplane   of   1903,   invented    
and  built  by  Wilbur  and  Orville  Wright  
and   flown   by   them   at   Kitty   Hawk,  
North   Carolina   on   December   17,  
1903,  and  
 
WHEREAS   it   is   in   the   public   interest  
that   said   plane   be   pre-­   served   for   all  
time   and   made   available   as   a   public  
exhibit   in   an   appropriate   place   and  
under  proper  auspices,  and  
 
WHEREAS   the   Probate   Court   of  
Montgomery   County,   Chio,   having  
jurisdiction   over   the   administration   of  
said   estate,   after   full   hearing   in   a  
proceeding   to   which   all   persons   and  
institutions   having   any   interest   under  
the   will   of   Orville   Wright   were   parties  
and   had   submitted   themselves   to   the  
jurisdiction   of   the   Court,   has   officially  
found  that  the  known  wishes  of  Orville  
Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     1
5  
 
  

 
Figure 11 First page of the agreement
 
Figure 12 Second page of the agreement
(a)  Said  airplane  in  to  be  displayed  as  
a   public   museum   exhibit   in   the   1.   That   the   substituted   building   shall  
Metropolitan   Area   of   the   United   have   equal   or   better   facilities   for   the  
States   National   Capital   only,   and   protection,   maintenance   and  
except   as   hereinafter   provided   in   exhibition  of  the  airplane.  
paragraph  (b)  is  to  be  housed  directly    
facing   the   Main   Entrance   in   the   fore   2.  That  the  Wright  Airplane  of  1903  be  
part   of   the   North   Hall   of   the   Arts   and   given  a  place  of  special  honor  and  not  
Industries   Building   of   the   United   intermingled   with   other   airplanes   of  
States   National   Museum.   It   shall   later  design.  
never   be   removed   from   such   public    
exhibition   except   as   may   be   required   3.  That  such  building  be  not  a  military  
temporarily   for   maintenance   or   museum   but   be   devoted   to  
protection.   memorializing   the   development   of  
  aviation,  
(b)   If   the   proper   authorities   of   the    
Smithsonian   Institution   or   its   (c)   There   shall   at   all   times   be  
successors   (acting   for   the   United   prominently   displayed   with   said  
States   of   America)   at   any   time   in   the   airplane   a   label   in   the   following   form  
future   desire   to   remove   sold   airplane   and  language:  
to   any   other   building   in   the    
Metropolitan   Area   of   the   national   The  Original  Wright  Brothers  Airplane  
capital,   such   removal   shall   be    
permitted  on  the  following  conditions:  

  16  
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF   1
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   7  
 
The   World's   First   Power-­Driven   As   Inventors,   Builders   and   Flyers  
Heavier-­than-­Air  Machine   They  Further  Developed  the  Airplane  
   
in  Which  Man  Made  Free,  Controlled,   Taught   Man   to   Fly   and   Opened   the  
and   Era  of  Aviation  
   
Sustained  Flight  
 
Invented   and   Built   by   Wilbur   and  
Orville  Wright  
 

 
Figure 14 last page of the agreement

Deposited   by   the   Estate   of   Orville  

Wright.  
 
  "The   first   flight   lasted   only   twelve  
Figure 13 third page of the agreement
seconds,   a   flight   very   modest  
Flown   by   Them   at   Kitty   Hawk,   North   compared  with  that  of  birds,  but  it  was  
Carolina   nevertheless   the   first   in   the   history   of  
  the  world  in  which  a  machine  carrying  
December  17,  1903   a   man   bud   raised   itself   by   its   own  
  power   into   the   air   in   free   flight,   had  
By   Original   Scientific   Research   the   sailed   forward   on   a   level   course  
Wright  Brothers  Discovered   without   reduction   of   speed,   and   had  
  finally   landed   without   being   wrecked.  
The  Principles  of  Human  Flight   The  second  and  third  flights  were  little  
  linger,   and   the   fourth   last   d   59  
seconds   covering   a   distance   of   852  
Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     1
7  
 
feet  over  the  ground  against  a  20  mile   estate   tax   whereby   the   Estate   of  
wind."     Orville   Wright   or   any   person   or  
  persons   having   an   interest   therein  
Wilbur  and  Orville  Wright   shall   be   required   to   pay   a   higher   tax  
(From   Century   Magazine,   Vol.   76,   by   reason   of   a   valuation   of   said  
September  1908,  p.  649.)   aeroplane   for   tax   purposes   in   excess  
  of   One   ($1.00)   Dollar,   and   (b)   the  
(d),   Neither   the   Smithsonian   omission   of   the   United   States   or  
Institution   or   its   successors   nor   any   others   on   behalf   of   the   United   States  
museum   or   other   agency,   bureau   or   within  twelve  months  of  written  notice  
facilities,  ad-­  ministered  for  the  United   of  the  final  assessment  by  the  person  
States  of  America  by  the  Smithsonian   assessed   to   provide   for   the   payment  
Institution   or   its   successors,   shall   thereof   by   appropriations   or  
publish   or   permit   to   be   displayed   a   otherwise,   title   to   and   right   of  
statement   or   label   in   connection   with   possession   of   said   aeroplane   shall  
or   in   respect   of   any   aircraft   model   or   automatically   revert   to   the   Vendors,  
design  of  earlier  date  than  the  Wright   their  successors  and  assigns.    
Aeroplane   of   1903,   claiming   in   effect    
that   such   aircraft   was   capable   of   5.  In  the  event  of  a  termination  of  title  
carrying  a  man  under  its  own  power  in   in  the  United  States  by  reason  of  an  
con-­  trolled  flight.   omission  on  the  part  of  the  United  
  States  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  a  
3.  The  title  and  right  of  possession  to   tax  assessment  a  store  said,  the  ted  
be   transferred   by   the   Vendors   States  shall  have  an  option  to  
hereunder   shall   remain   vested   in   the   repurchase  the  plane  at  any  time  a  
United  States  of  America  only  so  long   live  years  of  the  tax  payment  by  
as   there   shall   be   no   deviation   by   the   reimbursing  the  taxpayer  in  the  mount  
Vendee   from   the   requirements   in   the   paid  with  interest  thereon  at  six  per  
foregoing  paragraph,  and  only  so  long   cent  from  the  date  meant.  Upon  the  
as  neither  the  Estate  of  Orville  Wright   exercise  of  such  option,  this  
nor   any   person   having   an   interest   Agreement,  in  ballet  the  term,  shell  
therein   is   required   to   pay   and   does   automatically  again  become  of  full  
bear   without   indemnity   an   estate   or   force  and  fort  WITNESS  the  due  
inheritance  tax,  assessed  by  the  State   execution  hereof  in  date  this  23-­4  day  
of   Ohio,   the   United   States   or   any   November  1948.  
other   taxing   authority,   based   upon   a    
valuation   of   property   of   the   Estate   23-­4  day  November,  1948.  
which   includes   said   aeroplane   at   a    
value   in   excess   of   Gate   ($1.00)   Harold  &  miller  (SEAL)  
Dollar.   Executors   of   the   Estate   of   Orville  
  Weight,  deceased!  (SEAL)  
4.   Upon   the   failure   of   the   Vendee   to    
remedy   any   deviation   from   the   UNITED   STATES   OF   AMERICA   BY  
requirements  set  forth  in  paragraph  2,   Secretary   of   the   Smithsonian  
within   twelve   months   after   written   Institution    
specification   thereof   shall   have   been    
given  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  on    
behalf   of   the   United   States   or   upon    
(e)   the   final   assessment   of   any   state    
or   federal   inheritance,   succession   or    

  18  
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF   1
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   9  
 
14- Conclusion: As  I  said  earlier,  I  have  no  interest  or  
intention   to   alienate   the   American  
The  article  published  in  the  November   scientific  community,  which  I  admire  a  
8,  1906  issue  of  Nature  magazine  and   lot,   nor   do   I   take   away   the   merits   of  
the  Contract  exposed  by  Fox  solidifies   the   Wright   brothers   –   I   just   want   to  
Santos=Dumont's   place   in   aviation   protect  and  show  the  achievements  of  
history   as   the   first   to   have   a   flight   Santos=Dumont,   who   was  
scientifically   documented   by   the   deliberately   downgraded   in   his  
research  community.   recognition  for  mere  political  reasons.  
 

 
Figure 16 flight of Shivkar Bapuji Talpade - If a
  mere report counts as scientific proof, then we
Figure 15 Real replicas of the 14-Bis, with the
same power engine, fly frequently in Brazil. must give credit for the first flight to Shivkar,
However, an embarrassing situation is created as he flew self-propelled 8 years before the
every time someone tries to fly the Flyer. No Wright brothers.
attempt to replicate the Wright brothers' Flyer's
flight took off, as did Ken Hyde of the Wright  
Experience with the American Institute of I   would   very   much   like   to   see  
Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA).
Meanwhile, replicas of the 14-Bis fly regularly,
Santos=Dumont   portrayed   in   the  
like this one owned by enthusiast and pilot Smithsonian,   if   the   Institute   wants   to  
Alan Calassa, who even wanted to send one of review   its   position,   I   am   sure   that   we  
his replicas to the Smithsonian - but
unfortunately, the proposal was rejected by the
can   create   a   great   exhibition   on   the  
museum. achievements   of   Santos=Dumont,  
and   for   this   purpose,   I   am   at   your  
Santos=Dumont's   accomplishment   in   entire  disposal.    
piloting  the  14-­bis,  combined  with  the    
rigorous   documentation   of   his   flight,    
highlights  his  pivotal  role  in  advancing    
the   science   of   aeronautics.   As   we    
appreciate   the   contributions   of    
Santos=Dumont,   the   Wright   brothers,    
and  other  pioneers,  we  recognize  the    
 
collective  efforts  that  have  shaped  the  
 
remarkable   advancements   in   flight    
that  we  enjoy  today.  
 
Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     1
9  
 
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF  THE  AIRPLANE.     20  
 

Bibliographic  references  
 
 
AERO Magazine, Inner Editora

BUENO, Eduardo - Presentismo e Presentificação do Passado: a Narrativa

Jornalística da Historia na Coleção Terra Brasilis – 2010;

FAB, Força Aérea Brasileira | CPDOC». cpdoc.fgv.br.- Fundação Santos

Dummont». www.santosdumont.org.br;

Folha de S.Paulo - Descobrimento: Brasil 500 Anos vai expor carta de

Caminha - 03/06/1999». www1.folha.uol.com.br;

FOX NEWS – SITE - https://www.foxnews.com/science/smithsonian-releases-

wright-brothers-contract-detailing-first-in-flight-claims

GALANTE, Alexandre (15 de maio de 2018). «Museu Asas de um Sonho será

instalado em São José dos Campos (SP)». Poder Aéreo - Forças Aéreas,
Indústria Aeronáutica e de Defesa;

MARAVILHOSA VIDA DE SANTOS=DUMONT POR LUIZ PAGANO, A – BLOG -

https://santosdumontvida.blogspot.com/

MEMORIAL 0122A - Lucas Nogueira Garcez ZH 2014;

NATURE - The First “Manned” Flying Machine - Issue Date

08 November 1906

THE NEW YORK TIMES – SITE - https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-

world/wright-brothers-versus-smithsonian-the-bitter-feud-over-who-
invented-the-airplane/

WONDERFUL LIFE OF SANTOS=DUMONT, THE – BLOG

https://santosdumontlife.blogspot.com/  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  May  9th,  2023  Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     20  
 
 [NATURE  PROVES  THAT  SANTOS=DUMONT  WAS  INDEED  THE  REAL  INVENTOR  OF  
THE  AIRPLANE.  ]   21  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Nature  proves  that  Santos=Dumont  was  indeed  the  real  inventor  of  the  airplane.     21