A Compact Reconfigurable coaxial slot antenna

Lei Wang, Junpin Geng*, Jianping Li, Liang Liu, Yuliang liang, Yin Tang, Xianling Liang,
Weiren Zhu, Ronghong Jin
Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
Email: gengjunp@sjtu.edu.cn

Abstract  In this letter, a compact reconfigurable
coaxial antenna with orthogonal slots containing
switches is presented. Switch structure consists of PIN
diode which is lapped at the midpoint of coaxial slot.
Slots are structured as slot array to ensure high gain
performance. The slot works well when the diode is
open, but doesn’t work when the diode is short. The front
slots with PIN-diode switches being open and the
backwards slots with PIN-diode switches being short, so
the directive beam is achieved in the front, and it scans
in the azimuth plane with the PIN-diodes switching.
the slot cannot radiate under resonance frequency. when
PIN diode is reverse bias, the diode is equal to the
parallel RC circuits with ‫ܥ‬଴௙௙ ൌ ͳͺͲ‫ ܨ݌‬and ܴ௢௙௙ ൌ
͵Ͳ‫ܭ‬ȳ, the equivalent length of slot is unchanged, so the
slot can radiate into space under resonance frequency.
According to these principle, we can control the state of
PIN diode to realize irradiation or not.
Ron

Index Terms  Cylindrical antenna, dipole arrays, high

gain,reconfigurable antenna.

I. INTRODUCTION
Reconfigurable antenna, due to their ability to
obtain directive radiation pattern have been widely used
in wireless communication system. There are various
methods for beam-scanning antenna in the literature [1]-
[4]. Most of them cannot steer beam to cover the entire
horizontal plan [1]-[2]. In the literature [3] and [4], the
proposed antenna have the ability of steering beam to
sweep in the entire horizontal plane. but the antenna need
many active element, which lead to more costs and more
complexity to fabrication.
In this paper, a compact reconfigurable coaxial slot
antenna based on coaxial cylinder structure with slot
array and switch structure is proposed, which can realize
directive radiation pattern that cover the entire horizontal
plane by controlling the state of PIN diodes which is
lapped at the midpoint of coaxial slot.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
According to the Babinet principle, ideal slot antenna
can be equivalent to magnetic current source which is
complementary to dipole antenna. So resonance
frequency of slot is influenced by length. According to
the principle of slot antenna, we propose a novel slot
structure with PIN diodes shown inFig. 1(a), PIN diodes
is lapped at the midpoint of slot. When PIN diode work
in forward bias, the equivalent circuit is shown in Fig.
1(b) the diode equivalent as resistor of ܴ௢௡ ൌ ͳǤͲͺȳ,
the equivalent length of slot become half of the original,
(b)
Roff
(a)
Coff
(c)
Fig. 1 (a) geometry of the designed slot structure, (b)
on-state equivalent circuit and equivalent length of slot,
(c) off-state equivalent circuit and equivalent length of
slot
The structure of the antenna is shown in Fig. 2 [5], Slot
are structured as array to obtain high gain which is four
rows and four columns on the cylinder structure. The
medium of the coaxial antenna is Teflon with
ߣ
permittivity of ߝ௥ ൌ ʹǤͳ, the length of slot is ௚ൗʹ (ߣ௚ is
the medium wavelength) and the interval between each
row of slot array is ߣ௚ ൌ ͲǤ͹ߣ଴ ( ߣ଴  is the space
wavelength), so that phase of each slot element is
identical, the maximum lobe is obtained in horizontal
plane. PIN diode arranged at the midpoint of slot and is
controlled by direct current bias (DC bias), DC bias is
controlled by baseband signal to control PIN diode
reverse bias or not. so directive radiation pattern is
obtained in horizontal plane. And so on, the proposed
antenna can steer beam to cover the entire azimuth plane.
Fig. 2 The geometry of the proposed antenna
III. SIMMULATION RESULT
Figure 3 shows the simulated reconfigurable
radiation pattern at 11.2 GHz in horizontal plane (Ʌ ൌ
ͻͲ଴ ). Because the proposed antenna consists of four
columns of slots, so radiation pattern simulated scan four
part coving the entire azimuth plane. The main lobe
direction is Ԅ ൌ150, 1050, 1950 and 2850, each beam
covers 90 degrees in the azimuth plane, and angle
width(3dB) is 950. When more columns of PIN diodes
work in reverse bias, there will be a narrower beam
width. Simulated gain is shown in Fig .4, the maximum
gain on the aim direction is 10.2 dB. Frequency that gain
is over 9dB during 11GHz-11.5GHz.
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, We have proposed compact
reconfigurable coaxial antenna with novel slots
containing switches. Switch and antenna is compact
connection. The directional beams can be flexible
controlled to cover entire horizonal plane. The realized
gain in the operation bandwidth (11 GHz-11.5 GHz) is
over 9 dBi , and, the maximum gain in the main lobe
radiation direction is 10.2 dBi.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The work was supported by National Natural Science
Foundation of China (51777168 and 61701303), Natural
Science Foundation of Shanghai (17ZR1414300),
Shanghai Pujiang Program (17PJ1404100).
Fig .3 Simulated reconfigurable radiation pattern at
11.2 GHz
Fig .4 Simulated gain in different radiation patterns
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