Pms interview question and answers

Question Questions Answers

No
1 what is the
legacy of
prophet(PBUH)
2 total no of
ahadis in seha
sita book

3 when moors The Spanish occupation by the Moors began in 711 AD when
ruled in an African army, under their leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, crossed
Europe.
the Strait of Gibraltar from northern Africa and invaded the
Iberian peninsula ‘Andalus' (Spain under the Visigoths).

4 what is the ottawa

capital of
Canada.

5 who was According to Pata Khazana, Amir Kror Sori was son of a man named Amir Polad
ameer krore Suri who was the governor of Ghor.[2] Allegedly, he lived in the time of Abu
Muslim Khorasani[2] and became the first poet of Pashto language.
6 when did umar Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (2 November 682 (26th Safar, 63 AH) – 31 January 720
bin abdul aziz (16th Rajab, 101 AH) [1] (Arabic: ‫ )عمر بن عبد العزيز‬was an Umayyad caliph who
took birth ruled from 717 to 720. He was a cousin of the former caliph, being the son
of Abd al-Malik's younger brother,Abd al-Aziz. He was also a female-line great-
grandson of the second caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab. Some muslim's consider
him the fifth "Rightly Guided Caliph" because of his just rule. He is respected by
both Sunnis and Shiites since he postively reformed the Ummayad rule and
respected the Ahl al-Bayt. He was assassinated by the Ummayads themselves
since the reforms were not in their favor
7 what do you
know about A legislative election took place in Greece on 25 January 2015 to elect all 300
greek elections members to theHellenic Parliament in accordance with the constitution. The
election was held earlier than scheduled due to the failure of the Greek
parliament to elect a new president on 29 December 2014.[2]

21 parties, 4 party coalitions and 1 independent candidate applied for

participation in the elections.[3][4] The supreme court decided that 18 parties, 4
party coalitions could participate.[5]

Left-wing party SYRIZA won a legislative election for the first time ever, securing
149 out of the 300 seats, 2 seats short of an absolute majority. On the other
hand, conservative and then-ruling New Democracy lost 53 seats and obtained
its worst result ever in terms of seats won.
8 what are the A feature story is a special human interest story article that is not closely tied to
features of a recent news event. It focuses on particular people, places, and events, and it
journalesam goes into great detail regarding concepts and ideas of specific market interesT
9 what do you The most important laws are: The Factories Act 1934. The West Pakistan Shops
know about and Establishments Ordinance 1969. The Employment of Children Act 1991 The
child labour Bonded Labour System Abolition Act 1992. The Punjab Compulsory Education
laws Act 1994[9]
10 WHAT DO YOU The new law will prohibit children below 14 years of age from being
KNOW ABOUT employed and ensure regulatory mechanisms for adolescent workers,
THE CHILD AGE
IN CHILD
LABOUR LAW
IN PAKISTAN
11 what is council In order to divide government organizations and department among the provinces,
of common the council of common interest has been set up under the present constitution. The
council of common interest in a constitutional body which irons out differences,
interests
problems, and irritants between the provinces interest and also between the
provinces and the federation. It is an institution which provide constitutional justice to
the provinces and federation.
12 how islam ISLAM ENTERED IN SUBCONTINENT THROUGH MUHAMMAD BIN QASIM IN 711A.D
entered in
subcontenant
13 what is
inflation In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of
goods and services in an economy over a period of time.[1] When the general
price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services.
Consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of
money – a loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account
within the economy.[2][3] A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the
annualized percentage change in a general price index(normally the consumer
price index) over time.[4] The opposite of inflation is deflation.

14 What is In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and

deflation services.[1] Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0% (a
negative inflation rate). This should not be confused with disinflation, a slow-
down in the inflation rate (i.e., when inflation declines to lower levels). [2] Inflation
reduces the real value of money over time; conversely, deflation increases the
real value of money –- the currency of a national or regional economy. This
allows one to buy more goods with the same amount of money over tim
15 what is the
method of
appointment
of supreme
court judges.
16 .is Pakistan
working
according to
 objective
resolution
17 What is a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates
socialism that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be
owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

18 What is communis – common, universal)[1][2] is a socioeconomic system structured upon

communissim the common ownership of the means of production and characterized by the
absence of social classes, money,[3][4] and the state; as well as a social, political
and economic ideology and movement that aims to establish this social order.
19 what is Sensationalism is a type of editorial bias in mass media in which events and
sensational topics in news stories and pieces are over-hyped to
journalism increase viewership or readership numbers.[1] Sensationalism may include
reporting about generally insignificant matters and events that don't influence
overall society and biased presentations of newsworthy topics in a trivial
or tabloid manner contrary to the standards of professional journalism.
20 .what is yellow Yellow journalism, or the yellow press, is a type of journalism that presents
journalism little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching
headlines to sell more newspapers.[1] Techniques may include exaggerations of
news events, scandal-mongering, orsensationalism.[1] By extension, the
term yellow journalism is used today as a pejorative to decry any journalism that
treats news in an unprofessional or unethical fashion
21 features
journalism

22 what is
sensational Sensationalism is a type of editorial bias in mass media in which events and
journalism topics in news stories and pieces are over-hyped to
increase viewership or readership numbers.[1] Sensationalism may include
reporting about generally insignificant matters and events that don't influence
overall society and biased presentations of newsworthy topics in a trivial
or tabloid manner contrary to the standards of professional journalism.[2][3]

23 why is yellow Yellow journalism, or the yellow press, is a type of journalism that presents

journalism little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching
headlines to sell more newspapers.[1] Techniques may include exaggerations of
news events, scandal-mongering, orsensationalism.[1] By extension, the
term yellow journalism is used today as a pejorative to decry any journalism that
treats news in an unprofessional or unethical fashion.
23 When jang
siffin fought The Battle of Siffin (Arabic: ‫ ;صفين‬May–July 657 CE) occurred during the First
Fitna, or first Muslim civil war, with the main engagement taking place from July
26 to July 28. It was fought between Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah I, on the
banks of theEuphrates river, in what is now Ar-Raqqah, Syria.

24 Social . Terrorism/Sovereignty Violation

problems of 2. Religious Intolerance 
pakistan 3. Water Shortage 
4. Inflation 
5. Rampant Corruption
6. Provincial Disharmony 
7. Devalued Currency 
8. Unemployment 
9. Low Education 
10.Weak Foreign Policy
Other Problems
Imbalance between the "Three Tiers of State"

1. Lack of education
2. Lack of science and technology
3. Corrupt inefficient police
4. No consensus on building dams
5. Lack of sanitation (no toilets)
6. Food Crisis
7. Low Jobs
8. Brian Drain
9. highest murder rates in the world
10. Ethnic hatred
11. Sectarian hatred
12. Lack of investment
13. Lack of unity
14. Liberation movement in Baluchistan
15. Kashmir Issue
16. Declining FDI's
17. Water Disputes with India
18. Energy Crisis
19. Feudalism
20. Rising divorce rate
21. Lack of health care
22. Drug Abuse in teengers
23. Land grabbing Mafia
24. Illegal wepons
25. Low forex reserves
26. Traffic chaos
27. Water Air and Noise Pollution
28. Population explosion
29. Media Ethic
30. high rate of infant mortality
31. Suicide bombings
32. Low tax collection by government
33. Tax evasion - 90%+ of the people don't pay any taxes
34. Very high tax rate for those who do pay taxes
35. Availability of heavy weaponry to criminals
36. Lack of clean drinking water for the majority of the population
37. Armed and violent gangs in Karachi, including Lyari and Sohrab
Goth
38. Large areas of the country where the writ of the state does not
 apply
39. Fake Pirs
40. The tendency for people to vote for corrupt, failed, treacherous
politicians
41. Abuse of women in the society

25 culture
diffusion is the spread of cultural items—such
as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages etc.—between individuals,
whether within a single culture or from one culture to another. It is distinct from
the diffusion of innovations within a specific culture.

 Expansion diffusion: an innovation or idea that develops in a source area

and remains strong there, while also spreading outward to other areas. This
can include hierarchical, stimulus, and contagious diffusion.
 Relocation diffusion: an idea or innovation that migrates into new areas,
leaving behind its origin or source of the cultural trait.
 Hierarchical diffusion: an idea or innovation that spreads by moving from
larger to smaller places, often with little regard to the distance between
places, and often influenced by social elites.
 Contagious diffusion: an idea or innovation that spreads based on person-
to-person contact within a given population.
 Stimulus diffusion: an idea or innovation that spreads based on its
attachment to another concept.
26 Differenc e b/w
society and Society is a broader concept whereas a community is
community narrower concept. Because there exists more than one
community within a society. Hence community is
smaller than society.

(6) Society is based on both similarities as well as

differences. But community is based on only similarities
among its members.
(7) Society has wider ends but the ends of community
are general or common.
(8) Size of a community may be small or big like a
village community or a nation community but the size of
 a society is always large.
27 Base line
(journalism) -
28 lead- A lead, or lede, paragraph in literature is the opening paragraph of
an article, essay, news story or book chapter. Often called the lead, it usually
occurs together with theheadline or title. It precedes the main body of the article,
and it gives the reader the main idea of the story. In both spellings, the word
rhymes with the word need
29 fedral and
provincial
imbursment
29 aging
population Population ageing is a phenomenon that occurs when the median age of a
country or region rises due to rising life expectancy and/or declining birth rates.
There has been, initially in the more economically developed countries (MEDC)
but also more recently in less economically developed countries (LEDC), an
increase in life expectancy which causes the ageing of populations. This is the
case for every country in the world except the 18 countries designated as
"demographic outliers" by the UN.[1][2] For the entirety of recorded human history,
the world has never seen as aged a population as currently exists globally. [3] The
UN predicts the rate of population ageing in the 21st century will exceed that of
the previous century.[3] Countries vary significantly in terms of the degree, and
the pace, of these changes, and the UN expects populations that began ageing
later to have less time to adapt to the many implications of these changes. [3]

30 what is safma The South Asian Free Media Association (SAFMA) was set up to
(south asia free
promote networking among the media community, improve professional
media
association standards, facilitate journalists’ exchanges, media trainings and
undertake joint media productions.

SAFMA’s projects cover the South Asian region, with a particular focus
on the nuclear arms race, the South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC), the Kashmir dispute and other regional conflicts.

The organisation arranges regional conferences on interstate conflicts

and regional cooperation, and their ‘South Asian Media Net‘ project acts
as an independent website providing in-depth news coverage from
across the region to promote understanding among the people of South
 Asia and facilitate the free flow of information across the region.

31  ajk isembly This Assembly comprises of 49 members and the distribution of seats is as under:
members
1.          Azad Kashmir                                      29

2.          Refugees settled in Pakistan              12

3.          Ladies                                                  05

4.          Ulama and Mushaikh                           01

5.          Overseas Kashmiris                            01

6.          Technocrat                                          01

             Total                                                     49

This Assembly has elected Chaudhry Abdul Majeed as Prime Minister, while the

Joint sitting elected Sardar Muhammad Yaqoob Khan as President Azad Jammu
& Kashmir. The Legislative Assembly elected its Speaker, Sardar Ghulam Sadiq
Khan, on 25th July, 2011.  
refrendam
south Soudan A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011,[1] on
east taimur whether the region should remain a part ofSudan or become independent.[2]
[3]
 The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha
Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's
Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M).

A simultaneous referendum was supposed to be held in Abyei on whether to

become part of Southern Sudan but it has been postponed due to conflict over
demarcation and residency rights.[4]

On 7 February 2011, the referendum commission published the final results,

with 98.83% voting in favour of independence.[5]While the ballots were
suspended in 10 of the 79 counties for exceeding 100% of the voter turnout, the
number of votes were still well over the requirement of 60% turnout, and the
majority vote for secession is not in question.

The predetermined date for the creation of an independent state was 9 July
2011.[6]

Refrendam
scotland and The Scottish independence referendum was a referendum on Scottish
england independence that took place in Scotland on 18 September 2014.[1]
 The independence referendum question, which voters answered with "Yes" or
"No", was "Should Scotland be an independent country?". The "No" side won,
with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%)
voting in favour. The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election
or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction ofuniversal suffrage.

The Scottish Independence Referendum Bill, setting out the arrangements for
this referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013,
following an agreement between the Scottish and the United Kingdom
governments, and was enacted as the Scottish Independence Referendum Act
2013. To pass, the independence proposal required a simple majority. With
some exceptions, all European Union (EU) or Commonwealth citizens resident
in Scotland aged 16 or over could vote, a total of almost 4.3 million people.

Yes Scotland was the main campaign group for independence, while Better

Together was the main campaign group in favour of maintaining the union.
Many other campaign groups, political parties, businesses, newspapers and
prominent individualswere also involved. Prominent issues raised during the
referendum included which currency an independent Scotland would use, public
expenditure, EU membership, and North Sea oil.

 What is
culture lag The term cultural lag refers to the notion that culture takes time to catch up with
technological innovations, and that social problems and conflicts are caused by
this lag. Subsequently, cultural lag does not only apply to this idea only, but also
relates to theory and explanation. It helps by identifying and explaining social
problems and also to predict future problems.

As explained by James W. Woodward, when the material conditions change,

changes are occasioned in the adaptive culture, but these changes in the
adaptive culture do not synchronize exactly with the change in the material
culture, this delay is the culture lag.[1] The term was coined by sociologist William
F. Ogburn in his 1922 work Social change with respect to culture and original
nature.[2] His theory of cultural lag suggests that a period of maladjustment
occurs when the non-material culture is struggling to adapt to new material
conditions.[3] This resonates with ideas of technological determinism, in that it
presupposes that technology has independent effects on society at large.

Accordi

Jat lag Jet lag, medically referred to as desynchronosis and rarely as circadian

 dysrhythmia, is a physiological condition which results from alterations to the
body's circadian rhythms resulting from rapid long-distance transmeridian (east–
west or west–east) travel on high-speed aircraft. For example, someone
traveling from New York to California feels as if the time were three hours later.
It was previously[1] classified as one of the circadian rhythm sleep disorders
energy
crises of
Pakistan
 Panama
capital

 Panama Panama city

capital

Rekodik
case Reko Diq is a small town in Chagai District, Balochistan, Pakistan, in a desert
area, 70 kilometres north-west of Naukundi, close to Pakistan's border
with Iran and Afghanistan. The area is located in Tethyan belt that stretches all
the way from Turkey and Iran into Pakistan.

Reko Diq is a remote location in the North-West of Chagai district. Chagai is a

sparsely populated western desert province of Balochistan. It is mostly low relief
and thinly populated desert. The weather of Chagai ranges from very hot
summers of 40-50 °C to very cool winters of up to -10 °C with less than 40 mm
precipitation (winter rain and minor snow). It also exhibits periods of high wind
and dust/sand storms which have a demobilizing impact on the local activities
and trade. Access to the Chagai district is via the Zahidan - Quetta highway also
known as the London Road.
QUETTA: 
An international court has reserved its verdict in a case related to the Reko Diq copper
and gold project, whose mining company – Tethyan Copper Company (TCC) – is
seeking monetary compensation for the federal and provincial governments’ ‘breaches
of the TCC’s contract and treaty rights’.
The three-judge bench of International Centre for Settlement of
Investment Disputes (ICSID) in Paris will give its verdict within two
months.  The hearing continued for two weeks, during which a team of
lawyers from either side appeared before the court, said a source, who
was present during the hearing.
International law expert Ahmer Bilal Soofi, Cherie Blair – wife of former
Britain Prime Minister Tonny Blair and UK’s Graham Dunning were
among the 12 lawyers, representing Pakistan in the case.
The former attorney general Makhdom Ali Khan and renowned American
lawyer Donald, as well as 10 other lawyers were representing the TCC in
the court.
 What is icg Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as the
successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice. The Statute of the
International Court of Justice, similar to that of its predecessor, is the main
constitutional document constituting and regulating the Court. [2]

What are Value theory encompasses a range of approaches to understanding how, why

values and to what degree people value things; whether the thing is a person, idea,
object, or anything else. This investigation began in ancient philosophy, where it
is called axiology or ethics. Early philosophical investigations sought to
understand good and evil and the concept of "the good". Today much of value
theory is scientifically empirical, recording what people do value and attempting
to understand why they value it in the context of psychology,sociology,
and economics.[1]

At the general level, there is a difference between moral and natural goods.
Moral goods are those that have to do with the conduct of persons, usually
leading to praise or blame. Natural goods, on the other hand, have to do with
objects, not persons. For example, the statement "Mary is a good person"
represents a very different sense of the word 'good' than the statement "That
was some good food".

Ethics is mainly focused on moral goods rather than natural goods, while
economics has a concern in what is economically good for the society but not an
individual person and is also interested in natural goods. However, both moral
and natural goods are equally relevant to goodness and value theory, which is
more general in scope.

What are
the women Women in Islam are guided by primary Islamic sources of personal law, namely
rights in the Quran and hadiths, as well as secondary sources such as
islam the ijma, qiyas, ijtihad in form such as fatwas; the secondary sources vary with
various sects of Islam and schools of jurisprudence (madhhab).[1][2] In certain
regions, in addition to religious guidelines, pre-Islamic cultural traditions play a
role.[3] Islamic laws and cultural customs impact various stages of a Muslim
women's life, including her education, employment opportunities, rights to
inheritance, female circumcision, dress, age of marriage, freedom to consent to
marriage, marriage contract, mahr, permissibility of birth control, divorce, sex
outside or before marriage, her ability to receive justice in case of sex crimes,
property rights independent of her husband, and when salat (prayers) are
 mandatory for her.[4][5][6] Polygyny is allowed to men under Islam, but not
widespread; in some Islamic countries, such as Iran, a woman's husband may
enter into temporary marriages in addition to permanent marriage. [7][8] Islam
forbids Muslim women from marrying a non-Muslim.[9] There is debate and
controversy on gender roles according to Islam.[3][10]

Sharia provides for complementarianism,[11] differences between women's and

men's roles, rights, and obligations. Being a Muslim is more than a religious
identity; Islam outlines and structures ways in which Muslim women should live
their lives on a day-to-day basis.[12] In majority Muslim countries women exercise
varying degrees of their religious rights with regards to marriage, divorce, legal
status, dress code, and education based on different interpretations. Scholars
and other commentators vary as to whether they are just and whether they are a
correct interpretation of religious imperatives.

 What is the
law in ajk

 Which
agency is
working for
sociological
indicators
in pakistan

 What is the One third is the population of hothis in yeman

population
Hothis in
yeman

 What are The VIII Amendment (Eighth Amendment) to the Constitution of Pakistan, was
the zia ul short-time amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, which was passed by the
haq Majlis-e-Shoora, in the absence of elected Parliament of Pakistan, in 1985. The VIII
constitueti Amendment was drafted and later enforced by the joint Technocratic-Military
onal government of General Zia-ul-Haq
amendmen
t
W
 What is the 90 days
time limit
of ordance

Total The total number of registered voters for the election were 86,194,802 according
voters in to wikepedia.according to election commission
pakistan Province / Area Male Voters Female Voters Total Voters
Balochistan 1,924,402 1,424,757 3,349,159
FATA 1,153,374 597,881 1,751,255
Federal Area 335,170 286,557 621,727
Khyber Pakhtun Khwa 7,058,504 5,276,483 12,334,987
Punjab 27,766,183 21,589,839 49,356,022
Sindh 10,334,464 8,385,137 18,719,601
Total 48,572,097 37,560,654 86,132,751
 

What is The Balochistan conflict is an ongoing conflict between Baloch nationalists

baluchistan and the governments of Pakistan and Iran in the Balochistan region of South
issue Asia, which includes Balochistan Province in southwestern Pakistan, Sistan
and Baluchestan Province in southeastern Iran, and the Balochistan region of
southern Afghanistan.

Balochi demands include greater autonomy, increased royalties from natural

resources and provincial revenue, and in some cases full independence. There
have been many claims of human rights abuses.[17] Recently, militants have
clashed with the Islamic Republic of Iran over its respective Baloch region,
which borders Pakistan. The belligerent groups operate in the Pakistani and
Iranian parts of the region, and in southern Afghanistan. In the 2010s, attacks
against the Shia community by sectarian groups—though not always directly
related to the political struggle—have been on the rise, contributing to
tensions in Balochistan.[18][19]

Shortly after Pakistan's independence in 1947, the Pakistan Army began

operations to subdue Kalat-based insurgents who had rejected the King of
Kalat's decision to accede to Pakistan. A subsequent Baloch separatist
movement gained momentum in the 1960s, following the introduction of a
new constitution which limited provincial autonomy and enacted the 'One
Unit' concept of political organization in Pakistan. Tension continued to grow
amid consistent political disorder and instability at the federal level. The
unrest continued into the 1970s, culminating in a government-ordered
military operation in the region in 1973. Assisted by Iran, Pakistani forces
inflicted heavy casualties on the separatists. The insurgency fell into decline
after a return to the four-province structure and the abolishment of the Sardari
system. In the 2000s, however, the insurgency gained strength in conjunction
with the deteriorating law and order situation in neighboring Afghanistan and
instability at the Federal level.

Although it has vast natural resources, Balochistan is one of Pakistan’s

poorest regions.[20] Baloch separatists allege that the central government of
Pakistan is systematically suppressing development in Balochistan in order to
keep the Balochs weak, whilst their opponents argue that international
 business interests have been unwilling to invest in the region due to the
continuing unrest.[20]

The Balochistan Liberation Army, identified as a terrorist organization by

Pakistan, Britain,[21] and other governments, is the most widely-known Baloch
separatist group. Since 2000 it has conducted numerous deadly attacks on
Pakistani troops, police, and civilians. Other violent separatist groups include
Lashkar-e-Balochistan and the Baloch Liberation United Front (BLUF).[22][2

What is by feature
Story emphasizing the human or entertaining aspects of a
line story situation. A news story or other material differentiated
means in from straight news.
journalism file
To send a story to the office usually by wire or telephone
or to put news service stories on the wire.
flag
Printed title of a newspaper on page one.
folo
Story that follows up on a theme in a news story.
futures calendar
Date book in which story ideas, meetings and activities
scheduled for a later occurrence are listed.
graf
Abbreviation for paragraph.
guild
Newspaper Guild, an international union to which
reporters and other newspaper workers belong.
handout
Term for written publicity or special-interest news sent to
a newspaper for publication
hard news
Spot news; live and current news in contrast to features.
HFR
Abbreviation for “hold for release.” Material that cannot
be used until it is released by the source or at a designated
time.
insert
Material placed between copy in a story.
investigative reporting
Technique use to unearth information that sources often
want hidden.
jump
Continuation of a story from one page to another.
kill
To delete a section from copy or to discard the entire
story.
lead
First paragraph in a news story.
localize
To emphasize the names of persons from the local
community who are involved in events outside the city or
region.
LTK
Designation on copy for “lead to come.”
makeup
Layout or design. The arrangement of body type, headlines,
and illustrations into pages.
masthead
Formal statement of newspaper’s name, officers, place of
publication and other descriptive information, usually on
the editorial page.
morgue
Newspaper library.
add
An addition to a story already written or in the process of
being written.
assignment
Instruction to a reporter to cover an event.
attribution
Designation of the person being quoted. Also, the source
of information in a story.
banner
Headline across or near the top of all or most of a newspaper
page. Also called a line, ribbon, streamer, screamer.
B copy
Bottom section of a story written ahead of an event that
will occur too close to deadline for the entire story to be
processed.
beat
Area assigned to a reporter for regular coverage. Also, an
exclusive story.
break
When a news development becomes known and available.
Also, the point of interruption in a story continued from
one page to another.
bright
Short, amusing story.
bulldog
Early edition, usually the first of a newspaper.
byline
Name of the reporter who wrote the story, placed atop the
published article.
cold type
In composition, type set photographically or by pasting up
letters and pictures on acetate or paper.
correspondent
Reporter who sends news from outside a newspaper
office.
crony journalism
Reporting that ignores or treats lightly negative news
about friends of a reporter.
crop
To cut or mask the unwanted portions, usually of a
photograph.
cut
Printed picture or illustration. Also, to eliminate material
from a story.
cutline
Any descriptive or explanatory material under a picture.
dateline
Name of the city or town and sometimes the date at the
start of a story that is not of local origin.
enterprise copy
Story, often initiated by a reporter, that digs deeper than
the usual news story.
exclusive
Story a reporter has obtained to the exclusion of the
competition.
TERMS IN JOURNALISM
GLOSSARY OF TERMS: JOURNALISM
news hole
Space in a newspaper allotted to news, illustrations and
other nonadvertising material.
off-the-record
Describes material offered the reporter in confidence. If
the reporter accepts the material with this understanding,
it cannot be used except as general background in a later
story.
op-ed page
Abbreviation for the page opposite the editorial page.
The page is frequently devoted to opinion columns and
related illustrations.
overnight
Story usually written late at night for the afternoon newspapers
of the next day.
pool
Arrangement whereby limited numbers of reporters and
photographers are selected to represent all those assigned
to the story.
press release
Publicity handout, or a story given to the news media for
publication.
puff piece or puffery
Publicity story or a story that contains unwarranted
superlatives.
roundup
A story that joins two or more events with a common
theme, such as traffic accidents, weather, police reports.
rowback
A story that attempts to correct a previous story without
indicating that the prior story had been in error or without
taking responsibility for the error.
running story
Event that develops and is covered over a period of time.
sell
Presentation a reporter makes to impress the editor with
the importance of his or her story.
shirttail
Short, related story added to the end of a longer one.
sidebar
Story that emphasizes and elaborates on one part of
another nearby story.
situation
Story that pulls together a continuing event for the reader
who may not have kept track as it unfolded.
slant
To write a story so as to influence the reader’s thinking.
source
Person, record, document or event that provides the
information for the story.
split page
Front page of an inside section.
stringer
Correspondent, not a regular staff member, who is paid by
the story or by the number of words written.
tight
Refers to a paper so crowded with ads that the news space
must be reduced.
tip
Information passed to a reporter, often in confidence.
verification
Determination of the truth of the material the reporter
gathers or is given.
wire services
Synonym for press associations, the Associated Press and
United Press International.
Broadcasting Terms
close-up
Shot of the face of the subject that dominated the frame
so that little background is visible.
cover shot
A long shot usually cut in at the beginning of a sequence
to establish place or location.
cue
A signal in a script or by word or gesture to begin or to
stop.
cutaway
Transition shot - usually short - from one theme to
another; used to avoid jump cut.
dissolve
Smooth fading of one picture for another.
 FI or fade in
A scene that begins without full brilliance and gradually
assumes full brightness.
lead-in
Introductory statement to film or tape of actual event.
lead-out
Copy that comes immediately after tape of film of an
actuality.
long shot
Framing that takes in the scene of the event.
medium shot
Framing of one person from head to waist or of a small
group seated at a table.
montage
A series of brief shots to give a single impression or
communicate one idea.
outtakes
Scenes that are discarded for the final story.
panning or pan shot
Moving the camera from left to right or right to left.
remote
A taped or live broadcast from a location outside the
studio; also, the unit that originates such a broadcast.
segue
An uninterrupted transition from one sound to another;
a sound dissolve.
zooming
Use of a variable focus lens to take close-ups and wide
angle shots from a stationary position.
Total seats The composition of the National Assembly is specified in Article
51[12] of the Constitution of Pakistan. There are a total of 342
seats in the National Assembly. Of these, 272 are filled by direct
elections. In addition, the Pakistani Constitution reserves 10 seats
for religious minorities and 60 seats for women, to be filled by
proportional representation among parties with more than 5% of
the vote. As of 2006, there are 72 women members in the
Assembly.
 What do A legislative election took place in Greece on 25 January 2015 to elect all
you know 300 members to the Hellenic Parliament in accordance with the constitution.
about The election was held earlier than scheduled due to the failure of the Greek
 greece parliament to elect a new president on 29 December 2014.[2]
election
21 parties, 4 party coalitions and 1 independent candidate applied for
participation in the elections.[3][4] The supreme court decided that 18 parties, 4
party coalitions could participate.[5]

Left-wing party SYRIZA won a legislative election for the first time ever,
securing 149 out of the 300 seats, 2 seats short of an absolute majority. On
the other hand, conservative and then-ruling New Democracy lost 53 seats
and obtained its worst result ever in terms of seats won. Social-democratic
PASOK, ND's coalition partner, was reduced to just 13 seats (from 33 in
2012), falling to 7th place and becoming the last party to surpass the 3%
threshold. Golden Dawn lost some support and was reduced by one seat to
17, yet became the 3rd political force in Greece thanks to the loss of support
of both PASOK and ANEL, and newly created Stavros Theodorakis' To
Potami party entered parliament with 17 seats and 6.1%. The Communist
Party of Greece won 15 seats, 3 more than it had won in June 2012. DIMAR,
a former coalition partner until June 2013, failed to enter parliament after
winning a mere 0.5% of the vote, insufficient to be eligible for seats.

Alexis Tsipras was sworn in as Prime Minister of Greece on 26 January 2015,

after reaching a coalition agreement with ANEL

What is memo The memogate controversy (also Mullen memo controversy)[1] revolves
gate scandle around a memorandum (addressed to Admiral Mike Mullen) ostensibly
seeking help of the Obama administration in the wake of the Osama bin
Laden raid to avert a military takeover of the civilian government in Pakistan,
as well as assisting in a Washington insider takeover of the government and
military apparatus. The timeline of events indicate that the memo, delivered
in May, was still being acted on behind the scenes in October 2011; when
Mansoor Ijaz wrote a Financial Times article bringing initial public attention
to the affair. The memo, which at first was questioned to even exist, was
published in November, leading to the resignation of Ambassador Haqqani
and the continuing Pakistani Supreme Court investigation.[2][3][4]

Central actors in the plot include Pakistani-American businessman Mansoor

Ijaz, who alleged that long-time friend and former Pakistan Ambassador to
the United States Husain Haqqani asked him to deliver a confidential memo[5]
asking for US assistance. The memo is alleged to have been drafted by
Haqqani at the behest of President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari.[6] The memo
was delivered to Mike Mullen by personal friend of Mansoor Ijaz and then
National Security Advisor James L. Jones.

The Supreme Court of Pakistan has opened a broader inquiry into the origins,
credibility and purpose of the memo and as of March 30, 2012 has extended
 their inquiry at least another 6 weeks.[2][7] On April 19, 2012 a petition was
submitted in the Supreme Court to arrest former Pakistan ambassador to US
Husain Haqqani through Interpol for his refusal to return to Pakistan. On June
12 the supreme court commission released its findings and found that after
testimony by all parties and verifying the forensic results of Ijaz's BlackBerry
conversations with Haqqani it was "incontrovertibly established" that Husain
Haqqani had written the memo and was being called back to Pakistan to face
likely charges of treason

What are the Pressure groups in pakistan econmy is the multinational companies.land loards
pressure extremlly rich persons who influence government to follow their policies.
groups in
economy of
pakistan

 What is A PERIOD THAT A GOVERNMENT USES FOR THE ACCOUNTING PURPOSE AND
fiscal PREPARE FINANCIAL STATEMENT.FISCAL YEAR MAY NOT BE SAME AS CALENDAR
finance YEAR
statement
and what is
fiscal
finance
statement
of pakistan

There are COMPOSITION

how many
members
of senate
and how Provinces / Technocrats Non-
General Women Total
they been Territories / Ulema Muslims
selected
Sindh 14 4 4 1 23
Punjab 14 4 4 1 23
Balochistan 14 4 4 1 23
Khyber
14 4 4 1 23
Pakhtunkhwa
Federal
2 1 1 - 4
Capital
FATA 8 - - - 8
G. TOTAL 66 17 17 4* 104
Appointment
(1) The Senate shall consist of 104 members, of whom:

(a) 14 shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly;

(b) eight shall be elected by direct and free vote from the Federally
Administered Tribal Areas, in such manner as the President may, by Order,
prescribe;
(c) two on general seats, and one woman and one technocrat including
aalim shall be elected from the Federal Capital in such manner as the
President may, by Order, prescribe;
(d) four women shall be elected by the members of each Provincial
Assembly;
(e) four technocrats including ulema shall be elected by the members of
each Provincial Assembly.
(f) one seat in the senate is reserved for minorities in each province."

(2) Election to fill seats in the Senate allocated to each Province shall be held
in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the
single transferable vote.

(3) The Senate shall not be subject to dissolution but the term of its members,
who shall retire as follows, shall be six years:-

(a) of the members referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1), seven shall
retire after the expiration of the first three years and seven shall retire after
the expiration of the next three years.
(b) of the members referred to in paragraph (b) of the aforesaid clause,
four shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and four shall
retire after the expiration of the next three years
(c) of the members referred to in paragraph (c) of the aforesaid clause,-
(i) one elected on general seat shall retire after the expiration of the first
three years and the other one shall retire after the expiration of the next
three years, and
(ii) one elected on the seat reserved for technocrat shall retire after first
three years and the one elected on the seat reserved for woman shall retire
after the expiration of the next three years;
(d) of the members referred to in paragraph (d) of the aforesaid clause, two
shall retire after the expiration of the three years and two shall retire after
the expiration of the next three years; and
(e) of the members referred to in paragraph (e) of the aforesaid clause, two
shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and two shall retire
after the expiration of the next three years
How many Rivers in Pakistan
rivers in
pakistan Name Source Description

Chenab River

Dasht River

Dashtiari River

Gambila River

Ghaggar-Hakra River

Gilgit River

Gomal River

Hub River

Hungol River

Hunza River

Indus River

Jhelum River

Kabul River

Kundar River

Kunhar River

Kurram River

Lyari River

Malir River

Panjkora

Panjnad River

Ravi River
 Shigar River

Sutlej River

Swaan River

Swat River

Tochi river

Zhob River

 What are
the passes Agram An  0  Afghan Border,
near
boarder Darwaza An  0  Afghan Border
Nuqsan An  0  Afghan Border
What are The India–Pakistan Border (Hindi: भारत-पाकिस्तान सीमा, Urdu: -‫ہندوستان‬
the
‫)پاکستان سرحد‬, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an
boarders
with india
international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the
of pakistan Indian states and the four provinces of Pakistan. The border is running from
the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian Jammu Kashmir and
Azad Kashmir of Pakistan, in the north, to Wagha line, which partitioned the
Indian Punjab state and Punjab Province of Pakistan, in the eastward. The
Zero Point separates the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to Sindh
province of Pakistan, in the southward.[1]

Drafted and created based upon the artificial Radcliffe line in 1947, the
border, separating Pakistan and India from each other, traverses a variety of
terrains, ranging from major urban areas to inhospitable deserts.[2] From the
Arabian sea, the naval border follows the course of Manora Island of Pakistan
to the course of the Mumbai Harbour, in the South eastward. Since inde

Pakistan The geography of Pakistan (Urdu: ‫ )جغرافیۂ پا ِکستان‬is a profound blend of

boundries landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus ranging
along with from the coastal areas of the Arabian Sea in the south to the mountains of the
china , Karakoram range in the north. Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the
afhanistan Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates where its Sindh and Punjab provinces
iran
lie on the north-western corner of the Indian plate while Balochistan and most
of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa lie within the Eurasian plate which mainly
comprises the Iranian plateau, some parts of the Middle East and Central
 Asia. The Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir lie mainly in Central Asia along
the edge of the Indian plate and hence are prone to violent earthquakes where
the two tectonic plates collide.

Pakistan is bordered by Afghanistan to the north-west and Iran to the west

while the People's Republic of China borders the country in the north and
India to the east. The nation is geopolitically placed within some of the most
controversial regional boundaries which share disputes and have many-a-
times escalated military tensions between the nations, e.g., that of Kashmir
with India and the Durand Line with Afghanistan. Its western borders include
the Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass that have served as traditional migration
routes between Central Eurasia and South Asia.

 importance
of iran for After the independence of Pakistan in August 1947, Iran had the unique
pakistan distinction of being the first country to internationally recognisethe sovereign
status of Pakistan.[1] Currently, both countries are economic partners. This
cooperation lasted throughout the Cold war, with Iran supporting Pakistan in
its conflicts with arch-rival, India.[2] In return, Pakistan supported
Iran militarily during the Iran–Iraq Warin the 1980s. Since 2000, relations
between the two states have been relatively normalised, and economical and
military collaboration has strengthened the relationship.

Recent difficulties have included disputes over trade, and political position. While
Pakistan's foreign policy maintains balanced relations with Saudi Arabia,
the United States, and the European Union, Iran tends to warn against it, and
raised concerns about Pakistan's absolute backing of the Taliban during
the fourth phase of civil war in Afghanistan in the last years of the 20th century.
[3]
 Nevertheless, economic and trade relations continued to expand in both
absolute and relative terms, leading to the signing of a Free Trade Agreement
between the two countries in 1999. [4] At present, both countries are cooperating
and forming alliances in a number of areas of mutual interest, such as fighting
the drug trade along their common border and combating Afghan supported
tribal insurgency along their border.

Iran has been a respected, popular, and favoured nation among Pakistanis, with
76% of Pakistanis viewing their western neighbour positively, making Pakistan
the most pro-Irannation in the world.[5]

 What is the
trade Pakistan—Afghanistan Transit Trade Agreement (also known as TTA) is a
between bilateral trade agreement between Pakistan and Afghanistan has been
 pakistan
and renegotiated several times, with the most recent being signed on 28 October
afghanista 2010.[1] This treaty allows Afghanistan access to the port of Lahore, and also
n access to a land route to export goods to India. It does not allow India to use the
land route to export goods to Afghanistan. [2] The 2009 treaty came under severe
criticism from opposition political groups and strategists. [3]

The treaty signed in 1950 gave Afghanistan the right to import duty-free goods

through Karachi.[4]

In 2006 the total net worth of smuggled goods into Pakistan had been set at
80% of all imports into Pakistan via the ATTA.[5]

The bilateral trade between the two countries has increased from 830.2 million
USD in 2006-07 to 2.5 billion USD in 2010-11 due to non commercial goods but
then declined in the subsequent years. Bilaterally formal trade is increasing but
informal trade is higher than formal trade.[6]

 What is
swara in Generally, girls are given Swara marriage as compensation for
pushtho murder, adultery, abduction and kidnapping committed by the
men of the family.Women are compelled to sacrifice their
father, brother or uncle for the crime they have
committed.Jirga decides the fate of women and the
pronouncement of Swara without the consent of the women
concerned.These Jirgas constitute only the male members of
the village or community.

 What is Yes Chulbul its releated to NFC awards. NFC are helf every five years
divisible normally in which federation gives finances etc to provinces. Basically the
pool and taxes which are included in this division which federation gives away to
what is provinces as per their share wrt to formulla decided are known as taxes
in that divisible pool. Almost all major taxes included in this pool.
non
divisible
pool

 Why Although construction of Gwadar Port did not commence until

gawadar 2002, Pakistan identified Gwadar as a port site as far back as 1954
port is so
important when Gwadar was still under Omani rule.[3] Pakistan's interest in
for Gwadar started when, in 1954, it engaged the United States
pakistan Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a survey of its coastline. The
and chaina USGS deputed the surveyor, Worth Condrick, for the survey, who
identified Gwadar as a suitable site for a seaport. [3] After four years
 of negotiations, Pakistan purchased the Gwadar enclave
from Oman for $3 million on 8 September 1958 and Gwadar
officially became part of Pakistan on 8 December 1958, after 200
years of Omani rule.[3] At the time, Gwadar was a small and
underdeveloped fishing village with a population of a few thousand.
A small port was constructed at Gwadar by the Government of
Pakistan between 1988 and 1992 at a cost of Rs. 1,623 million,
including the foreign exchange component of Belgian Francs 1,427
million, equivalent to Rs. 749 million, which was arranged by the
contractor.[3] However, technical and financial feasibility studies for a
major deep-sea port at Gwadar were not initiated until 1993 under
the Government of Pakistan's 8th Five Year Plan (1993-1997).
[4]
 Gifford & Partners & Technecon of Southampton, United
Kingdom, in association with the Karachi-based Pakistani firm,
Techno-Consult International,[5] were engaged by the Government of
Pakistan to carry out the feasibility studyC
 What is
article and
law about
remmittan
ce of
pakistan

 n
 What do
you know
about jamu
kashmir
election


 What was
happened
in srilanka
election
and who is
raja foxy

 What do
you know
about
white
paper

  NFC The National Finance Commission Award is a series of
AWARD planned economic program enacted since 1951.[1] Constituted under
the Article 160  of the Constitution, the program was emerged to
take control of financial imbalances and equally managed the
financial resources to four provinces to meet their expenditure
liabilities while alleviating the horizontal fiscal imbalances.[2] As per
Constitution, the program awards the designs of financial formulas
of economic distribution toprovincial and federal government for
five consecutive years. All together, a total of seven awards has
been reimbursed since its emergence in 1951, by Prime
Minister Liaquat Ali Khan.[3] Stipulations and directions mentioned
by the Constitution, the provisional governments and federal
government competes to get higher share of the program's revenues
in order to stabilize their own financial status. [3]

Intergovernmental transfer of economic resources is chaired by

the President of Pakistan whose constitutional purpose is to
supervise the system of fiscal transfer to correct the vertical fiscal
imbalance between provincial and federal government,
and horizontal fiscal imbalances between four provinces.
[3]
 Government financial specialists, mathematicians,
and economists studied the mathematical and statistical aspects of
the program before recommending the government to enact the
program.[1] Due to the program producing a political realignment and
the constitutional stipulation regarded a unanimous political
concession between four provinces, the program has fever
conclusive results, and only seven awards has been enacted since its
emergence in 1951.[3]

In 2010, after series of reaching the concession and public debates

successfully concluded the enactment of conclusive seventh award
by the program, which affected the distribution formula. [4] In a
statement released by Finance Minister Shaukat Tarin, the inverse
population density, and the derivative poverty rate has become a new
parametric factor in calculating the program's awards. [5]

 White paper A white paper is an authoritative report or guide helping readers understand an issue, solve a
problem, or make a decision.[1] White papers are used in two main spheres: government and
business-to-business marketing. They may be considered as grey literature. The term "white
paper" originated in government, and many point to the Churchill White Paper of 1922 as the
earliest well-known example under this name.[citation needed] White Papers are a "... tool of
participatory democracy ... not [an] unalterable policy commitment".[2] "White Papers have tried
to perform the dual role of presenting firm government policies while at the same time inviting
opinions upon them."[3]

In Canada, a white paper "is considered to be a policy document, approved by Cabinet, tabled in
the House of Commons and made available to the general public".[4] The "provision of policy
information through the use of white and green papers can help to create an awareness of policy
issues among parliamentarians and the public and to encourage an exchange of information and
analysis. They can also serve as educational techniques".[5]

"White Papers are used as a means of presenting government policy preferences prior to the
introduction of legislation"; as such, the "publication of a White Paper serves to test the climate
of public opinion regarding a controversial policy issue and enables the government to gauge its
probable impact".[6]

By contrast, green papers, which are issued much more frequently, are more open ended. Also
known as consultation documents, green papers may merely propose a strategy to be
implemented in the details of other legislation or they may set out proposals on which the
government wishes to obtain public views and opinion.

Examples of governmental white papers include White Paper on Full Employment, White Paper
of 1939, and the 1966 Defence White Paper.