PROJECT: KAP 5 PROTOTYPE 42 MAIN EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE

1- CALCULATION OF MAIN EARTHING CONDUCTOR

1.1 According to BS 7430

= 149.87 10 % corrosion t

where :-
A cross section area of the main earthing conductor (mm2)
I fault current (ampere)
t duration of fault current (seconds)
K material coefficient of the main earth conductor (A.sqrt(sec.)/mm2)

K = α * SQRT { LOGe ( ( T2+β ) / (T1+β) ) }

where :-
T2 maximum permitted final temperature of the conductor ( c )
T1 ambient temperature of the conductor ( c )

SELECTED CROSS SECTION AREA FOR THE MAIN COPPER CONDUCTOR (mm2)

NOTE: Metal α β
Copper 226 234.5
 10 % corrosion tolerance 164.86 (mm2)

ctor (mm2)
25000
1.00
r (A.sqrt(sec.)/mm2)

166.81
(for copper)

onductor ( c ) 240
52

ONDUCTOR (mm2) = 120.00 (mm2)

1- CALCULATION OF MAIN EARTHING CONDUCTOR

1.1 According to BS 7430

= 59.95 10 % corrosion tolera

where :-
A cross section area of the main earthing conductor (mm2)
I fault current (ampere)
t duration of fault current (seconds)
K material coefficient of the main earth conductor (A.sqrt(sec.)/mm2)

K = α * SQRT { LOGe ( ( T2+β ) / (T1+β) ) }

where :-
T2 maximum permitted final temperature of the conductor ( c )
T1 ambient temperature of the conductor ( c )

SELECTED CROSS SECTION AREA FOR THE MAIN COPPER CONDUCTOR (mm2)

NOTE: Metal α β
Copper 226 234.5
 10 % corrosion tolerance 65.94 (mm2)

ductor (mm2)
10000
1.00
ctor (A.sqrt(sec.)/mm2)

166.81
(for copper)

e conductor ( c ) 240
52

ONDUCTOR (mm2) = 70.00 (mm2)

 EARTH RESISTANCE CALCULATIONS
PROJECT:

1 - CALCULATION OF SINGLE EARTHING ROD RESISTANCE

According to BS 7430:2011 + A1:2015 Equation 9.5.3

where :-

ρ Rho Specific Resistivity of the Soil (ohm.m) 300.00

L length of the earth rod (m) 3.00
D diameter of the earth rod (m) 0.020

2 - RESISTANCE OF EARTH ELECTROL IN LOW RESISTIVITY MATERIAL.

According to BS 7430:2011+A1:2015 Equation 9.5.7
The Resistance of a backfilled electrod Rb in Ohms calculated from:

Rb

ρ Resistivity of the soil (ohm. m) 300.00

ρc Resistivity of the conductive material used for backfill 1.00
d diameter of the earth rod (m) 0.020
L Length of the Rod in metres (m) 3
D Diameter of Infill in metres (m) 0.15

2 - CALCULATION OF EARTH RESISTANCE MULTIPLE RODS IN A HOLLOW SQUARE

According to BS 7430:2011 + A1:2015 Equation 9.5.8.5

RTOT =

where :-

α=

ρ Specific Resistivity of the Soil (ohm. m) 300.00

Rr Resistance of Single Rod 64.97
 N Number of Rods around the square 24
S Space of Rods in Metres (m) 12
λ Appropriate factor fram Table 2 7.03
n Number of Rods side of the square 7

3- CALCULATION OF EARTH RESISTANCE FOR STRIP OR ROUND CONDUCTOR

According to BS 7430:2011 +A1:2015 Equation 9.5.5

Rta = Rta =

where :-

ρ Rho specific resistivity of the soil (ohm. m) 300.00

L the total length of conductor (m) 372
h the depth of burial in metres (m) 0.70
d Diameter of the round conductor or cross sectional 120 0.01421
area of the strip (m)
k has the value of 1.36 for strip or 1.83 for round
conductor.

4- THE COMBINED EARTH RESISTANCE OF THE RODS & CONDUCTOR (LOOP) AS FOLLOWS

1/R = 1/RTOT + 1/Rta

R = Combined system earth resistance (ohm)

1/R = 0.25824 + 0.491

R = 1.33 ohm
S

96.93 ohm

64.97 ohm

Electrodes in a Hollow Square (BS 7430)

No of Rods Side of Sqaura Factor (λ)
2 2.71
3 4.51
3.87 ohm 4 5.46
5 6.14
6 6.63
7 7.03
0.061 8 7.30
9 7.65
10 7.90
12 8.32
14 8.67
 16 8.95
18 9.22
20 9.40

Table 2 BS 7430:2011+A1:2015

Conductor Size in mm2

25 0.00642
35 0.00765
2.03 ohm 50 0.0089
70 0.0107
95 0.0126
120 0.01421
150 0.01575
185 0.01764
240 0.02025
300 0.02268
400 0.02565

253 0.025 25 x 3 mm Tape

 EARTH RESISTANCE CALCULATIONS
PROJECT:

1 - CALCULATION OF SINGLE EARTHING ROD RESISTANCE

According to BS 7430:2011 + A1:2015 Equation 9.5.3

where :-

ρ Rho Specific Resistivity of the Soil (ohm. m)

L length of the earth rod (m)
D diameter of the earth rod (m)

2- RESISTANCE OF THREE RODS OF EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

According to BS 7430:2011+A1:2015 Equation 9.5.8.1
The Resistance of a backfilled electrod Rb in Ohms calculated from:

ρ Resistivity of the soil (ohm. m)

L Length of the Rod in metres (m)
d diameter of the earth rod (m)
S Length of One side of the Equilateral triangle
n No of Earth Rods

3 - RESISTANCE OF EARTH ELECTROL IN LOW RESISTIVITY MATERIAL.

According to BS 7430:2011+A1:2015 Equation 9.5.7
The Resistance of a backfilled electrod Rb in Ohms calculated from:

ρ Resistivity of the soil (ohm. m)

ρc Resistivity of the conductive material used for backfill
d diameter of the earth rod (m)
L Length of the Rod in metres (m)
 D Diameter of Infill in metres (m)
n No of Earth Rods
3- CALCULATION OF EARTH RESISTANCE FOR STRIP OR ROUND CONDUCTOR

According to BS 7430:2011 +A1:2015 Equation 9.5.5

Rta =

where :-

ρ Rho specific resistivity of the soil (ohm. m)

L the total length of conductor (m)
h the depth of burial in metres (m)
d Diameter of the round conductor or cross sectional 95
area of the strip (m)
k
has the value of 1.36 for strip or 1.83 for round
conductor.

4- THE COMBINED EARTH RESISTANCE OF THE RODS & CONDUCTOR (LOOP) AS FOLLOWS

1/R = 1/Re + 1/Rb + 1/Rta

RT = Combined system earth resistance (ohm)

1/RT = 0.042922 + 0.07895 + 0.0466

RT = 5.94 ohm

Since the desired value of less than 0.5 ohm is not achieved by using Equilateral Trinagle electrode of 6
Res Infill and a Ring conductor of 95mm2 - 24 Mtr long. Hence it is recommanded to connect all Low Cu
Triangulars

5- THE COMBINED EARTH RESISTANCE OF THE RODS & CONDUCTOR (LOOP) AS FOLLOWS

Rt1 Triangular Earthing Resistance

Rt2 Triangular Earthing Resistance
Rt3 Triangular Earthing Resistance
Rt4 Triangular Earthing Resistance
Rt5 Triangular Earthing Resistance
1/R = 1/Rt1 + 1/Rt2+1/Rt2+1/Rt4+1/Rt5
R = Combined system earth resistance (ohm)

1/RT = 0.168 + 0.168 0.168 0.168

RT = 1.19 ohm
LATIONS

53.98 ohm

300.00
6.00
0.020

Re = 23.30 ohm

300.00
6
0.020
6.00
3.00

Rb 12.67 ohm

300.00
1.00
0.020
6
 0.15
3.00
UCTOR Conductor Size in mm2
25 0.00642
35 0.00765
21.46 ohm 50 0.0089
70 0.0107
95 0.0126
120 0.01421
300.00 150 0.01575
24 185 0.01764
0.70 240 0.02025
0.01260 300 0.02268
400 0.02565

253 0.025 25 x 3 mm Tape

LOOP) AS FOLLOWS

0.0466

quilateral Trinagle electrode of 6m with Low

mmanded to connect all Low Current

LOOP) AS FOLLOWS

Rt1 = 5.94
Rt2 = 5.94
Rt3 = 5.94
Rt4 = 5.94
Rt5 = 5.94
0.168 0.168
25 x 3 mm Tape