SQL COMMANDS

============
DQL/DRL- Data query language/Data Retrieval Language-mainly used for retrieval
purpose-"SELECT"
DDL-data definition language
DML-data manipulation language
TCL-transactional control language,GTT
DCL-data control language

1)DDL:-Data Definition Language

To create the structure of the table.

3 Things to create a table:-

Table name--
column_name--
Datatype.

constraints-optional-creating rule for a column in a table

1)Create
2)Alter
column level changes

add
modify
rename
drop

table level changes

3)Rename
4)Truncate
5)Drop

DatatypeS:-
============

1)Number--38DIGITS
9+999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
99999

Number(6) 999999

Number(8,3)

56589.256
2568.52
5698623569.090
5689233.999900

0.01

NUMBER(2,2)

Alphanumeric dt=num+spec+alph wipR015@

2)CHAR- 2000-char(3)-lex-data fixed char(12)

3)VARCHAR-4000-varchar(10)/varchar2(6)-lex
4)LONG- 2GB-CERTIFICATE-only once in a table
5)CLOB- 4GB-character large obj

6)BLOB- images -8GB binary large obj

7)DATE- Date
8)TIMESTAMP-Date+time
9)BFILE-file path D:/SWATHI/NEW/QUERY.TXT
10)XML TYPE:-Xml type data

A char(10) ---- ABCD

DDL -
create
alter
rename
truncate
drop

Alter
COLUMN LEVEL CHANGES
Add
MODIFY
Rename
Drop

TABLE LEVEL CHANGES

create
rename
truncate
drop

1)CREATE

course

Select cid,cname,cfees from course;

cid ,cname

Syntax

Create Table Table_name

(
Column_name Datatype,
Column_name Datatype,
Column_name Datatype
);

2)Alter

column level changes

Add
Modify
Rename
drop

Table level changes

3)Rename
4)truncate
5)drop

Select * from USER_TABLES;

Create table course1

(
cid number,
cname varchar2(30)
);

Insert into Course1 values(10,'sql');

Insert into Course1 values(20,'plsql');
Insert into Course1 values(30,'Java');

Select * from Course2;

=======================================================
column level changes
Alter table course1 add cfees number;
Desc course2;
Alter table course1 modify cfees varchar2(30);
Alter table course1 rename column cfees to cou_fees;
Alter table course1 drop column cou_fees;
================================================
Rename course1 to course2;
Truncate table course2;
Drop table course2;
Desc students1;
Drop table students1;
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DML-data manipulation language

Insert
Update
Delete-DELETE WITHOUT CONDITION =TRUNCATE
merge