Types of motion (fluid particles)

* Linear translation or pure translation

* " Deformation

* Angular 11

* Rotation

lineal Translation old position/new position

ab → a'bl
y
ed se'd'
d
a'
b'
id 1
c
a b

C N

linear deformation

yr * lengths change

d b
a
a

c d
N

Angular deformation

Angular deformation
11 002

d'
= {[so,+ sad
b

a 41
)
d

pure rotation

d. d
r b'

a b
al i
C

Angular deformation or shear deformation.

-
- {[so, + so]

shear stain ease = I [In + ¥]

Rotation

We = I (35-37)

Wy = I [¥-%)

Wz = {[3%-35]

Vorticity = 20

9 A fluid flow is given by

V = Ski - longs

Find the sheer strain ease and state

whether the flow is rotational or

illotational.

✓ = - l only
U = Sn'

shear strain hate = {[2%+37]

= {[-204+0]

= -lory

wz= tf:-.-÷]

Wz = - long =/ 0

⇒ The flow is rotational.

to The velocity components in a 2D

flow are

a = Y'Is + 2n-ng

U = Nyt -2g-i/3

Show that these components represent

a possible case of an ierotational

flow.

Continuity Egn ¥ + 3£ = 0

.
2N = 2kg.-2
2£ = 2- 2kg
ay

= Yha?
= Y'-at
Fy 1 ¥

Continuity Agn is satisfied and hence it

is a possible case of fluid flow.

Wz = {[In - 3)

= {[(4%4)-(2-2)]

Wy = £ ✗ 0 = 0

⇒ the flow is inotational

Vortex Flow

flow of fluid along a curved path or

the flow of rotating mass of fluid.

This is known as vortex flow.

Forced Free

vortex.
cortex

Forced vortex flow → external torque is

required to rotate the

fluid mass angular

velocity.

tangential velocity v=rw

- * Flow of water through the

ag's
runner of a turbine

* vertical cylinder rotated

with constant angular velocity

Free vortex flow:

Va = Constant

a hole
* Flow of liquid through

in the bottom of the container.

* A whirlpool in a river

Equation of motion for vortex flow:

ABCD- fluid
D
Element.
A
pt?f A.
AO A Al = radial
O
thickness of the
r AR
element.

AA = area offs

of element
centrifugal force. F =m#

mass of the element = Pxv

=P ✗ AAX AN

= P AAAS V2
F

DA PAA = PAASEI
(Pt Inde)
a

A = PAA Arv?
P * YEAR A p
h.

= P Aber?
ZI ARAA

r.

2¥ = ¥.

t
phrglarient.

p is a function.

randy
If = PI.

Hydrostatic

law.

dp = 2- dat Zydz

dp = PL de - Pgdz

dp =. de - Pgdz

variation of pressure of a rotating

free Smface
tho in any plane

Forces vortex flow :

paraboloid.
> p2

V = hw
← w

dp = PL de - Pgdz

dp = PAI de - Pgdr

Ydp = fewarde - jeg dy

Pa-p, = 121/ri-ri]-pg/2- 2)

= {fuk-w's]-ray-5)

v1 = hw

V2 = 92W

ri-ri)-egli,-2)
Pip =L
her surface of
lien

If pointy Qing {v29,)? pg/3.-17.

32-1, = Egfr?-vi].

If pt① Wes on axis of rotation.

V1 = 4W = 0

3531 = Yg.

= =:&.
2
÷

3 values with 92 ⇒ Egn of

parabola

An open circular tank of 20cm of

and loom long Contains water

upto a height of 60cm. The tank is

rotated about its vertical axis at

Zoo rpm find the depth of parabola

formed at the free surface of water.

✗ = 20cm

H = 60 can. N= 300 rpm.

W = 2T¥ = 31.41 had/see

2 = what

2 = 31.412×102 = 50.28cm.

2×9-81

An open circular cylinder of 15cm of

12

and 100cm long contains water

upto a height of Socm. Find the

Maximum speed at which the

cylinder is to be rotated about its

no water
vertical axis so that

spills.

L = 100 car

Height of water = SoCM

rotate the cylinder at an

let us

angular speed of w how/Sec

Rise of liquid at lads = Fall of liquid

at the centre.

100 - So = 20 CM.

Height of parabola = 20+20=40 cm.

2 = What

F.

Whx 7.5?
40 =
£9.81

W = 37.35 had/see.

W = 2T¥

37.35 = 2T¥

N = 356.66 rpm

equation for free vortex flow

Ver = Const

v-E.

dp = Pfde - Pgdy

= Pyaar - Pgdz.

dp = PEE de - Pgdp

and 2
Consider two points l

92

32
31

Yap = Si de-figds

b- p, = - If#-at]-Palais.)

V2 = £ Y = I

Pa-p, = -Efv?-up]-Pg[zit]

a- p, = Efvi-ri]-egfs.is).

÷ Pg

•÷=÷; -14¥

vi#-(12-1).

bitten
datum head.
velocity

no
per

pg + ¥+3, = I + :& +32

.

Bernoulli's Egn.

⇒ In the case of the vortex

flow, Bernoulli's Egm is

applicable .

In a free cylindrical vortex flow, at

13

a point in the fluid at a radius

of 200mm and at a height of 100mm,

the velocity and pressure are 10 m/s

and 117.72 KN/m2 absolute. Find the

pressure at a radius of 400mm and

at a height of. 200mm. The fluid is

air having density equal to 124kg/m?

For free water flow ve = C

V19, = V24

v2 = YI = 10×0.2 = 5m/s

Only

1- + ¥+31 = It:& the

PE 1-24 leg/m'

117-72×63 + Or/ = P2
+
⇒ "sht"
1- 24×9-81 ¥.

= 9676.22.

Is

Pz - 9676.22×1024×9-81

= 117. 705kW/m? Cabs).