give me the full explanation of UI and Logic separation technical

explanation
UI (User Interface) and Logic separation is an important software
engineering principle. It means separating the user interface (UI)
code from the business logic code in an application.

Some of the main benefits of UI and Logic separation are:

1. Reusability - The business logic can be reused in different

applications. The UI can change without affecting the business
logic.
2. Testability - The business logic can be tested independently
without depending on the UI. The UI can also be tested
separately. This leads to higher quality code.
3. Loose coupling - The UI and business logic are not tightly
coupled. A change in one does not directly affect the other.
This makes the code more maintainable and extensible.
4. Separation of concerns - The UI code handles the display
logic, while the business logic handles the application data
and rules. Each layer focuses on one concern.

In practice, this separation is achieved by:

1. Having separate code layers - A UI layer and a business logic

layer. The UI layer depends on and calls the business logic
layer, but not vice versa.
2. Using interfaces - The UI layer calls the business logic layer
through interfaces. This decouples the two layers. The UI does
not depend on concrete business logic classes.
3. Not sharing data models - The data models used by the UI
and business logic should be separate. The UI models should
depend on the business logic models, and not share the same
objects.
4. Loosely coupled communication - The communication
between UI and business logic should be through a loosely
coupled approach like events and delegates. The business
logic should not call the UI layer directly.
5. Abstraction - Exposing only abstracted and simplified
interfaces of the business logic to the UI. The UI does not need
to know the complex internal details of the business logic.

That covers the basics of UI and Logic separation. Let me know if

you have any other questions!
Tell me more about UI layer.
The UI layer or User Interface layer is responsible for displaying the
application interface to the user and handling user interactions.
Some key things to know about the UI layer are:

1. It depends on the business logic layer to get the data to

display and to perform any requested actions/operations. But
the business logic layer does not depend on the UI layer. This
makes the business logic reusable and independent.
2. The UI layer often uses a framework like Windows Forms, WPF,
Android Views, iOS UIKit, etc. These provide ready-made UI
elements like buttons, text boxes, lists, etc to build the
interface.
3. The UI layer handles user input events like button clicks, text
box edits, list item selections, etc and passes them to the
business logic layer. It does not execute the main application
logic.
4. Data models used in the UI layer should depend on and map
to the data models in the business logic, but should not be the
same. The UI models may be simplified representations
optimized for display.
5. Communication between the UI and business logic should be
loosely coupled. The business logic should not call the UI layer
directly. Approaches like events, delegates and observer
patterns are commonly used.
6. The UI layer often performs additional display-only tasks like
data formatting, styling, etc. The raw data from business logic
needs to be formatted and styled appropriately for the user
interface.
7. The UI layer should abstract away and simplify the
underlying complex business logic. Only a simplified
representation necessary for the UI should be exposed.
8. The UI layer is dependent on the specific platform look and
feel. The UI for a Windows desktop app will differ from
an Android app, even if the underlying business logic is the
same.
9. The UI layer often handles caching, like caching or pre-
fetching data to optimize the UI performance. But it should
not cache application data that can change in the business
logic.

So in summary, the UI layer is a platform-dependent layer

responsible for displaying data to the user, handling user input and
a nice user experience, while relying on the business logic layer for
the main application functionality and data.
Approaches like events, delegates and observer patterns are
commonly used.
You're right, events, delegates and the observer pattern are
popular ways to loosely couple the UI and business logic layers.
Let's look at each of these in more detail:

Events:

The business logic layer raises events when something notable

happens, like data changing.
The UI layer registers listeners for these events. When an event
is raised, the UI layer responds by updating the display.
This is a loose coupling since the business logic simply raises
an event, without knowing who (if anyone) is listening or how
they will respond. The UI layer listens for events of interest to
it.
Examples: Click events, Data change events, etc.

Delegates:

The UI layer defines delegate handlers for certain

events/callbacks.
It passes these delegates to the business logic layer.
The business logic layer then calls these delegates when
needed.
This achieves loose coupling since the business logic just calls
a delegate, without needing to know the implementation. The
UI layer can change the delegate implementation freely.

Observer Pattern:

The business logic has a Subject object and multiple Observer

objects.
The Observers register with the Subject.
When the Subject changes in some way, it notifies all
Observers.
The Observers then query the Subject to get the updated data.
This is a loose coupling because Subject just calls a generic
Notify method, without knowing Observer implementations.
Observers can be added/removed freely.
UI layers are often Observers, updating when the Subject in
the business logic notifies them of changes.

So in summary, events allow the business logic to raise something

of interest occurred, delegates allow the business logic to call out
to the UI layer, and the observer pattern allows the business logic
to notify interested parties (UI layer) that something changed. All
of these promote a loose coupling between the layers.
Let me know if you have any other questions!
Context cleared
tell me in detail how the implementation of Events in business
logic layer is achieved technically, especially in connection with the
operating system
Events in the business logic layer are typically implemented using
some form of publish-subscribe pattern. This means:

1. There are "publisher" objects that publish events when

something of interest happens. For example, a
"CustomerCreated" event published when a new customer is
added to the system.
2. There are "subscriber" objects that subscribe to certain events
they are interested in. When those events are published, the
subscribers are notified. For example, a
"CustomerEmailNotificationService" may subscribe to
"CustomerCreated" events so it knows when to send a
welcome email.
3. An "event bus" mediates the publishing and subscribing.
Publishers publish to the event bus, subscribers subscribe to
the event bus, and the event bus matches up the published
events with the interested subscribers.

Implementing this technically typically involves:

1. Defining event classes that represent the events. For example,

a CustomerCreatedEvent class.
2. Having publisher objects instantiate the event objects and call
a publish() method on the event bus, passing the event
object.
3. Having subscriber objects subscribe to desired event types by
calling a subscribe() method on the event bus, passing the
event type they want to subscribe to.
4. The event bus storing lists of subscribers per event type. When
events are published, it iterates the subscribers for that event
type and calls a notify() method, passing the event object.
5. Subscribers implement the notify() method to handle the
event.

In terms of connection with the operating system:

The event bus is typically a standalone application/service and

not tied directly to an operating system.
However, it may use operating system level constructs for
concurrency and messaging between components:
Threads or processes for concurrently notifying subscribers
 Queues or other inter-process communication for transmitting
published events to the event bus service.

So in summary, the business logic layer events are implemented

with a publish-subscribe model and an event bus mediating
between publishers and subscribers. The operating system may
provide some supporting infrastructure but the core of the design
is application level.
for example an event button is clicked, or an event data is fetched
from the network, even how program is waiting for events after
finishing execution, doesn't have a connection operating system?
You're right, I should have been more clear - events within an
application often do have a strong connection to the operating
system. Some examples:

Button click events: The application typically registers a

callback with the operating system's GUI framework. When the
user clicks the button, the OS GUI framework calls the
callback, passing an event object. So the application is
responding to an OS-level event.
Network data received: The application will register with the
OS network stack to receive notifications when data is
received for a socket. The OS then triggers a callback into the
application, passing the received data. Again, reacting to an
OS event.
Waiting for events: When an application needs to wait for
events, it will typically use an OS-provided mechanism like:
select() or poll() to get notifications of I/O events like data
received on a socket.
pthreads condition variables to wait for thread events
Wait on OS GUI framework events like button clicks.
etc.

So you're absolutely right - event driven applications rely heavily

on facilities provided by the operating system to detect and react
to all kinds of events. The application just provides the business
logic to react appropriately to those events.

Some examples in code:

Button click in GUI app:

Co
python
py
def on_button_clicked():
print("Button clicked!")
 button = gui.Button("Click me!")
button.add_click_listener(on_button_clicked) # Register call

Waiting for socket data:

Co
python
py
def on_data_received():
print("Data received!")

sock = socket.socket()
sock.bind(("localhost", 8000))
sock.listen()
sock.add_read_listener(on_data_received) # Register callb

So in summary, you're right that event driven applications are

heavily dependent on the operating system to detect events - they
just provide the application-specific handlers for those events. My
previous answer should have made that connection more clear. Let
me know if you have any other questions!
give general description of technically how this event driven things
are implemented in reality, you can use diagram to explain it?
especially in relative with contracts provided and abstractions
principle?
Here is a general technical overview of how event driven systems
are implemented in reality:

Co
vbnet
py
Contracts & Abstractons

┌────────────┐
│ Event (Interface)
│ - eventType:String
│ - timestamp:Date
└────────────┘

Publish

Register

┌────────────┐

│ Subscriber │
│ - eventType:String

Notify
 │ - notify(event:Event)
└────────────┘

┌───
┌────────────┐ │ Pu
│ Button │ │ - p
│ - addClickListener(│
│ subscriber:Subscriber) │

└────────────┘

Some key points:

There are contracts/interfaces for Event and Subscriber to

define the interaction in an abstracted way.
An EventBus handles the registration of Subscribers and
matching of Event types to subscribers. It acts as the
mediator between publishers and subscribers.
Publishers publish Events to the event bus.
The event bus notifies all Subscribers registered for that
event type by calling their notify() method and passing
the Event.
Subscribers handle the events they are interested in via
the notify() call.
There may be framework-level abstractions, like a Button that
internally registers a click listener Subscriber and publishes
click events.

So the key elements are:

1. Defining abstract contracts (Events, Subscribers)

2. An event bus to mediate
3. Publishers that publish events
4. Subscribers that subscribe to event types they care about
5. The event bus matching published events to subscribers and
notifying them
6. Possibly framework-level abstractions that build on this model

This allows loose coupling between publishers and subscribers and

an extensible system. New publishers can publish events without
knowing any subscribers, and new subscribers can subscribe
without needing a reference to any publishers.

Let me know if this helps explain the technical overview and

relationships in an event driven system! I can provide more details
or examples if needed.