Professional Documents
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Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing
SENSING
)
Natural Remote Sensing
Analysis
Sensing / Perceiving
Information / Knowledge
Boy or Man ?
Artificial Remote Sensing
Analysis
Sensing / Perceiving
Extracting Information /
Knowledge
Output
Subject
Definition of Remote Sensing
Remote sensing is art, science & technology adopted for obtaining reliable
information of the objects on the surface of earth without coming into
physical contact. In fact we are measuring and recording the electro-
magnetic radiations reflected and emitted by the bodies.
Energy Source
Radiation
Atmosphere
Output to Clients
Target area
Interpretation/ Analysis
Electro Magnetic Radiation
Sun is the main source of energy.
Energy propagates in form of Electro Magnetic Radiation
(EMR).
Wavelength (λ)
Frequency (ν) c = ν* λ
Velocity (C)
Electro Magnetic Spectrum
Light energy is explained as EMR and can be classified according to the
length of the wave. All possible energy channels called as Electro Magnetic
Spectrum (EMS).
Human eyes can only measure visible light but sensors can measure other
portions of EMS.
Types of Sensors
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
- Depends on External energy,
- Creates their own energy
Sun, fire etc
- Work day & night
- Work on day
- Non seasonal
- Seasonal
Ex: Radar, LIDAR
Ex: Latsat, LISS, Spot & AWIFS
RADARSAT (Active Sensor)
Cherry
based
Fixed
Platforms
Tripod based
Balloon
Platforms
Based
Air Borne
Aircraft
Moving
Platforms
Geo
Stationary
Space Borne
Sun
Synchronous
Type of Space Borne Platform
Geo Stationary Platform Sun Synchronous Platform
• Faces towards particular portion • Crosses particular place at same local
of earth time
• 3600 km altitude • 600 - 900 km altitude
Active Passive
Ground
Air Borne
Base
• Different materials such as water, soil, vegetation, buildings and roads reflect
visible and infrared light in different ways. They have different colours and
brightness when seen under the sun.
• Thermal Infra RS used for measurements of the earth's land and sea surface
temperature and forest fire.
Microwave Remote Sensing
These satellites carry their own "flashlight" emitting microwaves to
illuminate their targets and Analyzes the information collected by the sensor.
Most of the microwave sensors are active sensors, having there own sources
of energy. Thus, images can thus be acquired day and night.
Characteristics of Sensors
Atmospheric Windows
Spectral Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Radiometric Resolution
Temporal Resolution
Atmospheric Windows
The spectral Bands for which the atmosphere is transparent are called
as the Atmospheric windows.
Spectral Resolution
The ability of a sensor to discriminate b/w different wavelengths in the
detected signals.
RS sensors can have spectral resolution from more than 1µm to 1 nm.
CartoSat 1: Hyperion:
Band F image showing Katraj, Pune Image showing Katraj, Pune
Spatial Resolution
A measure of the smallest distance between two objects that can be
distinguished by a sensor.
Radiometric Resolution
1 bit = 21 = 2 = {0, 1}
8 bit = 28 = 256 = {0,1,……….,255}
10 bit = 210 = 1024 = {0,1,……………………..,1023}
Temporal Resolution
Is the revisit time period of sensor to image the same area at the same
viewing angle.
Multi temporal Remote sensing
Kedarnath
Floods
(June 2013)
Pre Post
Spectral Reflectance Curve
Is the plot between the Spectral reflectance (ratio of reflected energy to
incident energy) and wave length.
It depends upon the Chemical composition and Physical conditions.
Monitor
Part of color guns
spectrum
Band
Blue 14
Green
Band
Red
253
NIR
SWIR Band
32
Land use
pattern
Urban
Pollution planning
monitoring
Biodiversity
Hydrology
conservation
Applications
Ocean & Surveying and
coastal of mapping
monitoring RS
National
Agriculture Security
Environment
Geology al Science
Forestry
Application of Remote Sensing
Agricultural Forestry
Crop type classification. Forest cover and density mapping
Crop condition assessment. Deforestation mapping
Forest fire mapping.
Crop yield estimation.
Grassland mapping
Crop stress monitoring. Shifting cultivation
Crop production forecasting Wetland mapping and monitoring
Mapping of soil characteristic. Biomass estimation
Soil moisture estimation. Species inventory
National Security
Ocean applications: Targeting
Storm forecasting. Disaster mapping and monitoring
Water quality monitoring. Damage assessment
Weapons monitoring
Aquaculture inventory and monitoring.
Homeland security
Navigation routing.
Navigation
Coastal vegetation mapping. Policy
Oil spill.
Application of Remote Sensing