NAME ______________________________________________________ CLASS __________

BWAILA CLUSTER TERM I EXAMINATIONS

2023 MALAWI SCHOOL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION

HISTORY
Subject Number: M081/II

Tuesday, 6th December, 2022 Time Allowed: 2 hours

2:00 – 4:00 pm
PAPER II
(120 marks)

AFRICAN AND WORLD HISTORY

Instructions Question Tick if Do not
1. This paper contains 11 printed Number answered write in
pages. Please check. these
columns
2. There are three sections in this 1
paper: A, B and C
2
3. Answer six questions in all (all 3
questions in section A and B and
two questions in section C). 4
5
4. The total marks for this paper is
120 marks. 6

5. Write your answers in the spaces 7

provided 8
6. Write your name on all pages. In
the table provided on this page,
tick against the question number
you have answered.
Turn over
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SECTION A (40 marks)

CENTRAL AFRICAN HISTORY

Answer all questions in this section.
1. a. Explain any two reasons for the migration of the Yao into Malawi.
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(2 marks)
b. Describe any two impact of the Lomwe on the indigenous people of Malawi.
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(2 marks)
c. Explain two reasons why the Northern Ngoni chiefs resisted the coming of
missionaries in their area.
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(4 marks)
d. Why did the Ndebele leave Ekupumuleni hurriedly on their way to Central Africa?
Give any two reasons.
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(4 marks)
e. Why did the Portuguese influence decline in Central Africa. Give any three reasons.
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(6 marks)
f. Explain any two positive impact of gold trade in Central Africa
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(2 marks)
2. a. Explain any two reasons why Islam failed to expand after the 19th century?
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(2 marks)
b. Explain any two reasons why the Yao easily embraced Islam.
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(4 marks)
c. Explain any two factors that led to the increase in demand for ivory in East and
Central Africa.
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(4 marks)
d. Outline any two causes of the Chilembwe Uprising of 1915.
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(2 marks)
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e. Describe any two reasons why Nyasaland labourers were preferred in the Southern
Rhodesia.
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(4 marks)
f. Describe any two impact of labour migration on Nyasaland
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(4 marks)
g. Explain any one factor that contributed to the growth of British interest in Southern
Rhodesia.
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(2 marks)

SECTION B ( 40 Marks)
WORLD HISTORY
Answer all questions in this section
3. a. (i). Mention any two causes of the First World War ( 1914 - 18)
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(2 marks)
(ii). Mention any two aims of the League of Nations
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(2 marks)
b. Explain two reasons why the Schlieffen Plan failed to materialize.
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(4 marks)
c. (i). What do you understand by the term “Roaring 20s’ in the United States of
America.
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(2 marks)
(ii). Outline two factors that facilitated the growth of the USA’s economic boom
in 1920s.
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(2 marks)
d. Describe any two economic conditions that divided Europe after the First World
War.
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(4 marks)
e. Why did Japan Champion the philosophy of “ Asia for Asians” during the inter -
war period? Give any two reasons.
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(4 marks)
4. a. What was the attitude of the following leaders towards Germany at the Paris Peace
Conference.
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(i). Georges Clemenceau.

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(2 marks)
(ii). Woodrow Wilson.
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(2 marks)
b. Explain any two weaknesses of the League of Nations.
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(4 marks)
c. Why did western countries support the White Army in the Russia Civil War of 1918
to 1921? Give two reasons.
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(4 marks)
d. Explain how the Bolsheviks gained and consolidated their power in Russia . Give
any two.
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(4 marks)
e. How did the creation of new states by the Paris Peace Settlement negatively affected
Europe? Give any two powers.
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(2 marks)
f. Describe any two results of the Russian Civil War.
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(2 marks)

SECTION C ( 40 marks)
ESSAYS

Answer any two questions from this section – one from Central African History and the other
one from World History. Each question carries 20 marks. The answers should be answers in
essay form. Failure to answer in essay from, you will automatically lose seven marks.

CENTRAL AFRICAN HISTORY

5. Discuss problems faced by the missionaries in Malawi (20 marks)

6. Describe the impact of copper mining in Northern Rhodesia. (20 marks)

WORLD HISTORY
7. a. Describe the terms of the Versailles Peace Settlement. (10 marks)
b. Explain the reactions of Germany to the Versailles Peace Settlement. (10 marks)

8. Discuss the cause of the Great Depression in 1919. (20 marks)

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END OF QUESTION PAPER

BWAILA CLUSTER MOCK EXAMINATIONS
2022 MALAWI SCHOOL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION
EXAMINATION
HISTORY PAPER II – ANSWER SHEET
SECTION A ( 40 Marks)
CENTRAL AFRICANS HISTORY
1.(a). - Drought
- Conflict with the Makua
- Maseko Ngoni invasion
- Searching for better trade opportunies
- Internal conflict
( 2 points, I mark each)
(b). - Their settlement in the Shire Highlands worsened land problems
- The local people adopted aspects of the Lomwe culture.
- The local inhabitant learnt different skills and emulated the Lomwe
- The local people adopted some children’s games.
(2 points, 1 mark each)
( c). - They feared that Christianity would weaken their military life.
- Christian teachings condemned their cultural practices e.g beer drinking,
polygamy.
- They did not want to stop their raids as they depended on them.
( 2 points, 2 marks each)
(d). - Constant threat from the Pedi
- Need to be far away from Shaka Zulu nation
- Poor grazing land for livestock .
- A severe drought hit the area.
( 2 points, 2 marks each)
(e). - Competition from the Dutch and British.
- Lack of settlers
- Reliance on ex – criminals
 CANDIDATE’S NAME:_________________________________________

- Insufficient economic resources

- Unhealthy tropical climate
- Colonisation by Span
- Hostile local tribes
- Destruction of settlement
- Re – establishment of Arab influence in the East Coast of Africa made by the
Portuguese to lose control of trade with Africans.
( 3 points, 2 marks each)
( f).- Spread of Christianity
- Stimulation of moving foreign traders
- Intensified mining activities
- Introduction of new crops
- Accuumulation of wealth
- Security
( 2 points, 1 mark each)

2(a). - Lack of funds for its spread.

- A challenge from Christian missionaries who converted many Muslims.
- Resistance from people as it was connected to slave trade.
- Few Islamic organizational structures
- Islam was spread by overzealous individuals who lacked proper support and
funding.
- It was blocked by the western education propagated by Chrisitan missionaries
who
converted and trained Muslim children.
( 2 ponts, 1 mark each)
(b).- Desire for economic enhancement.
- Yao culture had some elements which were found in Islam
- The Yao traditional religious had similar elements to Islam
- Islam elevated the social status of t he Yao chiefs
- Interest in Arabic literacy
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- Emergence of paramount chieftaincy in the 19th century made some to adopt

Islam
- British colonial rule in 1891 triggered mass Yao conversion to Islam.
- Efforts of the Muslim missionaries
- Competition offered by Islam Brotherhoods especially Quadriya and Shadliya.
- In 1930’s onwards Asians were mainly employing African Muslims
(2 points, 2 marks each)
( c) - Decline in gold mining.
- Industrialisation in Europe
- High demand prices in Britain
- African ivory was in great demand because it was soft and easy to curve
- African chiefs benefited from ivory trade since they controlled it.
( 2 points, 2 marks each)
(d) - The Thangata system
- Government policies and laws oppressed Africans.
- Land alienation in the Shire Highlands
- Conflicts between Chilembwe and William Jervis Livingstone, the manager of
Bruce
Estate.
- Influence from Joseph Booth the black consciousness movement in America
and
tertiary education.
- Prophecies from independent churches .
- Recruitment of Africans in the First World War 1914 - 1918.
- Rumours of Chilembwe’s arrest.
( 2 points, 1 mark each)
(e). Nyasaland labourers accepted low wages unlike the natives.
- The long distance from home prevented labourers from Nyasaland from
deserting unlike the natives.
( 2 points,2 marks each)
(f ). Source of income
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- Spread of foreign goods

- Diversification of rural economies
- Infrastructural development
- Stagnation of rural economies
- Social order
- Political consciousness
- Underdevelopment
- Disintegration of families
- Spread of new diseases
- Spread of new languages
- Employment
( 2 points, 2 marks each)
(g). Mineral speculation
- Imperialism
- Trade
- Humanitarian motive
- Attain personal gains and ego
( 2 points, 1 mark each)

SECTION B ( 40 Marks)
WORLD HISTORY
3.(a).i - Political alliances
- Armsrace and militarism
- Imperialism
- Nationalism in the Balkans
- The murder at Sarajevo
( 2 points, 2 marks each)
ii-. To maintain world peace by avoiding wars.
- To solve social and economic problems by promoting social and economic
development among nations.
( 2 points, 1 mark each)
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(b). - Russians mobilised more quickly than German had expected.

- The French had enough time to rush troops northwards.
- Belgians put a bitter fight which held up German advances.
( 2 points, 2 marks each)
(ci) - Roaring twenties means a period of economic growth in USA or a period of
Economic boom in USA

( 2 marks)
(ii). - Availability of vast natural resources.
- Effects of the First World War
- Innovation and high industrial production
- Abundant agricultural produce.
- Cheap labour force by immigrants
- A sound mode of transport
- Advertisements
- Reduced income time
( 2 points, 1 mark each)
(d). - Huge debits
- Low industrial production
- Heavy dependence on imports.
- Slow economic growth.
- High unemployment rates
( 2 points, 2 marks each)
( e)- Japan was the most industrialised and modernized country in Asia.
- The rise of militant forces in Japan.
- The imitation of the growing USA’s dominance in the Western Hemisphere
( 2 points, 2 marks each)

4(a). Attitude of the following leaders towards Germany at the Paris Peace
Conference.
(i) Georges Clemenceau
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- He sought to punish Germany severely and cripple her economically and

militarily.
( 2 marks)
(ii) Woodrow Wilson
- He asked the other members of the Allied Forces to accept his formula for
future
peace and stability as he was interested in world peace.
( 2 marks)
(b). It failed to solve disputes concerning their big powers.
- It was closely linked to the Versailles Peace Treaty.
- Lacked worldwide membership
- It was based in Europe
- The veto weakness
- Failure of the World Disarmament Conference
- Weak covenant
- It was overruled by the Conference of Ambassadors.
( 2 points, 2 marks each)
( c).- Western countries were unhappy with Russia’s withdrawal from the First
World War.
- To block a worldwide spread of communism by Russia.
- To punish Russian communists who nationalized western owned industries
without
compensation.( 2 points, 2 marks each)
(d) .- Influence of Vladimir Lenin
- The Bolshevisks used a secret police called Chaka that dealt with all perceived
enemies of communism.
- Lenin’s slogan of peace, bread and land.
- Lenin filled key positions with communists.
- The Bolsheviks party changed its name to Communist Party and banned all
other
political parties.
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- In 1918, the Bolsheviks accepted the Treaty of Brest - Litovisk with

Germany.
( 2 points, 2 marks each)
e.(i). Tariffs (custom duties) went up as goods would cross many countries.
- Increase in prices of goods
( 2 points, 1 mark each)
(ii) - The Reds won the war.
- Formation of the USSR
- The economy became more centralized.
- Loss of life
- Recognition of USSR by other European countries.
( 2points, 1 mark each)

CENTRAL AFRICAN HISTORY

SECTION C ( 40 Marks)
5. PROBLEMS FACED BY MISSIONARIES IN MALAWI
- Harsh Climate
- The problem of diseases
- Political problems and insecurity
- Hostility from slave traders.
- Impassable rivers and forests
- Lack of supplies
- Language barriers
- Limited missionary manpower
- Poor management
- Opposition from traditional religions and African cultures
- Missionary discrimination of Africans
( 20 marks)

6. IMPACT OF COPPER MINING

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- Labour migration
- It brought development
- It created employment opportunities
- It raised political consciousness
- It led to urbanization
- It led to the development of rural economics
- It led poor to poor conditions to Africans in mines
( 20 marks)

WORLD HISTORY

7. CAUSES OF GREAT DEPRESSION

- Over production of agricultural goods
- Impact of USA Tariffs
- Mal-distribution of Resources
- Impact of European Economic Recovery
- Domestic overproduction of industrial produce.
- Speculation.
( Students to expand the points)
(20 marks)
8.(a). TERMS OF THE VERSAILLES PEACE SETTLEMENT.
- The war-guilt clause fixed on Germany and her allies.
- Loss of German territories in Europe and the Far East to the allies.
- Loss of German colonies in Africa to the allies
- Reparations
- Disarmament and military reduction
- To set up the League of Nations
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(Students to expand the points)

( 10 marks)
(b). REACTIONS OF GERMANY TO THE VERSAILES PEACE SETTLEMENT
- The war - guilt clause
- The disarmament clause
- Loss of territories in Europe and Africa
- To set up the League of Nations
- The Reparations
- A diktat.
( Students to expand the points)
( 10 marks)