Electric, Classical, and Acoustic

Guitars: What Are The Differences?

by ZeCategories Buyer Guide Guitar

At a glance...
1. Strings
2. Sound production
3. Genres
4. Shape and size
5. Feel and suitability
6. Price

One of the first questions I get from people who are looking to pick up the
guitar is, “what is the difference between a classical, acoustic, and electric
guitar? And which one should I choose for my first guitar?”

It really all comes down to what you would like to accomplish with the
instrument and your personal
preference for genre of music, sound, feel of the instrument, and of course,
price. No arbitrary rule states that, for example, all beginners must begin on
the classical guitar.
By explaining the main differences among these three types of guitars, this
article hopes to help you choose a guitar.
Strings
The most obvious difference among these three types of guitars are their
strings. Classical guitars use nylon strings, while acoustic and electric guitars
use steel strings.
Nylon strings tend to sound a lot warmer and fuller compared to steel strings.
They are also softer and gentler on the fingertips, so some beginners may
decide to start with a classical guitar.
Nylon string guitars can be heard in Latin, Flamenco, Spanish, and Classical
styles of music. It is quite uncommon to hear classical guitars in more
contemporary genres like Pop and Rock.
Steel strings are rougher on your fingertips, compared to nylon strings, for the
first month or so before you start growing calluses and your fingertips are
used to the constant rubbing and pressure against steel strings.
Steel string acoustic guitars tend to sound brighter with a sharper “attack” to
the sound. They are also able to sustain a note longer than nylon strings can.

For electric guitars, which also use steel strings, the strings tend to have a
smaller impact on the overall sound of the instrument, because the sound of
an electric guitar can be affected by other factors such as the type of amp,
amp settings, guitar pedals, settings of the knobs and switches on the guitar,
etc.
Sound Production
Classical and acoustic guitars produce and amplify sound in the same way.
The vibration of the strings causes the hollow body of the guitar to resonate
and project that specific frequency of sound.
On the other hand, electric guitars are fitted with magnetic pickups that sit
under the steel strings. When the strings vibrate, the pickups convert that
magnetic energy into an electrical signal, which is then routed out of the guitar
into an amp via a cable. Without an amp, you won’t be able to hear your
electric guitar.
Genres
Acoustic guitars are used in many contemporary forms of music and even
some not-so-contemporary forms like the Blues. You will definitely hear
acoustic guitars more often than classical guitars in your favorite recordings.
A single model of electric guitar can be made to fit several different genres.
For example, the Fender Telecaster is used in genres like Jazz, Blues, Soul,
Funk, Pop, Rock, Country, and even Metal. An electric guitar is more versatile
than classical and acoustic guitars. There is a caveat though; I have yet to find
a pedal or setting that allows my electric guitar to convincingly sound like an
acoustic or classical guitar.
Shape and size
Guitars come in many shapes and sizes. The rule of thumb for classical and
acoustic guitars is, the bigger the size, the louder and fuller-sounding it will be.
Classical guitars tend to come in a single “default” shape.

Acoustic guitars, on the other hand, have a variety of shapes such as Concert,
Grand Concert, Auditorium, Grand Auditorium, Dreadnought, Jumbo, Travel,
etc.
Electric guitars have the widest range of shapes. Since the size and shape of
the body of the electric guitar tend not to influence the sound of the instrument
as much as classical and acoustic guitars, manufacturers are free to play
around with different designs.

A Doraemon shaped electric guitar is one of the more interesting shapes I’ve
come across in my lifetime.

Feel and Suitability

Besides the strings, a few other factors affect the feel and suitability of an
instrument. This aspect is difficult to grasp until you try out some of these
guitars yourself, but I’ll do my best to describe the differences.
The first big difference between the three guitars is the fretboard width.
Classical guitars have the widest fretboard width, which will make using your
thumb to fret notes (a popular technique used by John Mayer and Jimi
Hendrix) difficult to impossible depending on the size of your hands. This extra
width is to facilitate the extra thickness of the nylon strings. Acoustic and
electric guitars have similar fretboard sizes, but they can vary from
manufacturer to manufacturer. For example, an acoustic guitar made by
Taylor guitars usually have a wider fretboard than one made by Martin; a
modern-day Fender Telecaster has a wider fretboard width than a vintage
Fender Telecaster. Regardless of the varying widths, acoustic and electric
guitars have slimmer fretboard widths than classical guitars.
The next big difference is weight. Acoustic and classical guitars are a lot
lighter than electric guitars, and acoustic guitars are slightly heavier than
classical guitars. Electric guitars are heavier because their bodies are usually
one solid piece of wood, compared to a hollow acoustic or classical guitar. An
electric guitar also has more metal components, such as the bridge, saddles,
pickups, volume and tone potentiometers, etc. In comparison, acoustic and
classical guitars are more transportable.
The final difference comes in the ease to adjust the instrument. By far the
easiest to play would be an electric guitar, as the string action (distance
between strings and fretboard) can be brought down much lower than an
acoustic or classical guitar without losing the tone. Acoustic and classical
guitars lose quite a bit of volume and tone when the strings are brought nearer
to the fretboard, so, when adjusting string action for playability, try to strike a
balance between “more tone/volume” and “easier to play.”
Adjusting the string action on an electric guitar is also a lot easier. Anyone can
learn it and start making customised adjustments within a day. Acoustic and
classical guitars on the other hand require special tools and steady hands to
make adjustments; therefore, more often than not, the person making
adjustments will be a professional tech instead of yourself.

… And of course, price.

Perhaps the most important difference among the three types of guitars is the
price. Without a doubt, an electric guitar (the most versatile of the three) is
going to cost the most. Compared to an acoustic and classical guitar, an
electric guitar has more electrical and metal components. Not to mention, in
order to hear what you’re playing on an electric guitar, you need an amp,
which is another cost on its own. Acoustic and classical guitars on the other
hand cost around the same price.
So how much more expensive are electric guitars? Well, not much if you’re
only considering guitars at the lowest end. The cheapest electric guitars
on Sweetwater.com cost between $119 to $129 USD. Acoustic and classical
guitars are between $109 to $119 USD. But once you factor in the cost of an
amp, the combination of electric guitar and amp can easily be hundreds of
dollars more than an acoustic or classical guitar on its own.
I personally would not recommend buying the cheapest guitar you can find,
even if it’s your first one, because cheap guitars tend to have spotty
workmanship, and they don’t retain much resale value compared to mid to
high end models. That being said, the choice is completely up to you.

Try before you buy

Although you can get a pretty good idea of the differences between the three
types of guitars, it’s always best to try them out to physically experience the
differences. Everyone is built slightly differently; some people have small
hands with stubby fingers while others have big hands with long fingers. What
you prefer is likely drastically different from what I prefer.

Already made a decision?

Once you’ve made a decision, it’s a good idea to get it professionally set up.
Nothing makes a guitar play better than having a professional set up the
action and intonation perfectly. A cheap guitar set up well is going to play a lot
better than an expensive guitar that has a terrible setup (the cheap guitar
won’t sound better though).
I’d also like to welcome you aboard a lifelong journey of playing music. There
are many ups and downs along the way, but stick with it and you will begin to
notice many subtle and positive changes in your mindset and physical
coordination.