Verbs that take an object

Present perfect vs. Simple past

CURSO : INGLÉS COMERCIAL II – SEMANA 6
 READING

Did you know?

Pushing down prices

It is difficult for companies to set the price of a product.

A lower price may help to increase sales, but it also reduces the profit margin.

We often use graphs to show trends in prices over months or years.

Studying the trends can help companies to choose the right pricing strategy for their products.

True or False

1. A higher price helps increase the sales.

2. It is important to study the trends.
3. A lower price increases the profit margin.
 VOCABULARY

Match the words with the meanings.

1. advances A. the difference between the cost of production and the

2. margin price of the product

3. workforce B. less important

4. minor C. an amount of food for one person

5. portion D. changes that bring improvement

6. trend E. the way a situation changes and develops

F. all the people who work in a particular company or factory

 GRAMMAR: VERBS THAT TAKE AN OBJECT (TRANSITIVE VERBS)

TRANSITIVE VERBS INTRANSITIVE VERBS TRANSITIVE or INTRANSITIVE VERBS

raise (T) rise (I) decrease (T or I)

● The president plans to raise ● Costs of apples rose by 5% in ● The company will introduce strategies
taxes. 2000. to decrease production costs.
● The company’s imports decreased by
reduce (T) 8% in 2020.
● The retailer moved its supply fall (I)
base overseas to reduce costs. ● Demand for new cars fell due to increase (T or I)
● He decided to reduce his working the pandemic. ● The process increases manufacturing
hours. speeds.
● Interest rates increased by 10%
rapidly.
Exercises: Choose the correct answer.
1. Interest rates will raise / rise next year.
2. The company had to reduce / fall its staff.
3. Martin wants to raise / rise the sales of the company.
4. Annual income reduced / fell last year.
 SPEAKING

Pricing strategy

What is the best strategy to improve profitability?

The best strategy to improve profitability is……. because…………

 GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Use present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and
continues up to the present or happened recently.

I have verb in
you past participle Examples:
we haven’t verb in ● In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce.
they past participle
● The price of gas has risen in the last six months.

● Companies have reduced the price of their

has verb in
he past participle products.
she
hasn’t verb in ● The price of dollar hasn’t fallen these months.
it past participle
 GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Write sentences in present Perfect

He/lose/his keys.

I/have (not)/coffee this morning.

She/never/lie/to us.

You/read/that newspaper/this morning.

We/be/to England/ recently.

GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE VS SIMPLE PAST

Simple Past

finished action at an specific past

time.
Time expressions: last year, in
1999, six months ago, etc.

Present Perfect

not finished action

recent action.
Time expressions: in the last
three months, recently, in recent
years, etc.
 GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE VS SIMPLE PAST

Choose the correct answer Present Perfect or Simple Past.

Simple Past
1. Have you finished / Did you finish painting the bedroom yet?' 'Not yet.
finished action at an specific I'll finish it tomorrow.'
past time.
2. I didn't earn / haven't earned much last year, but I 've earned / earned a
lot this year.
Present Perfect
3. Did you have / Have you had a holiday recently?
not finished action 4. We arrived / have arrived last week.
recent action.
5. Mr. Barnes is very important in this company. He has worked / worked
here for 30 years.
6. He loves gardening. He was / has been a gardener all his life.
7. My mother grew / has grown up in Scotland.
GRACIAS