Contents

Course Overview: ..................................................................................................... 1

Course Program ....................................................................................................... 4

Course Modules ....................................................................................................... 5

Self-Paced Learning Session .................................................................................. 6

Introduction to ICS............................................................................................. 6

Video Teleconferencing Modules ......................................................................... 13

Module 1: ICS Organization ............................................................................ 13

Module 2: ICS Facilities ................................................................................... 17

Module 3: Managing Planned Events and Incidents ..................................... 19

Module 4: Common Responsibilities ............................................................. 23

 Course Overview:
Incident Command System Executive Course

Background

Following the enactment of Republic Act (RA) 10121, otherwise known as the
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Law, on 27 May 2010,
the Philippine government took a proactive approach to manage the disaster
consequences and reduce disaster risks by institutionalizing various mechanisms.
Among these is the Incident Command System (ICS).

Incident Command System (ICS) is one of the flagship programs of the Office of Civil
Defense (OCD). As provided for in RA 10121, the NDRRMC Memorandum Circular
No. 4 s 2012 and the Executive Order No. 82 s 2012, ICS has been institutionalized
as an on-scene disaster response tool of the Philippine DRRM System. ICS is a
standard, on-scene, all-hazard incident management concept introduced by the US
Forest Service that can be used by all DRRM Councils, emergency management and
response agencies. It is a disaster response tool that coordinates the actions of all
response groups.

ICS has been proven effective in managing potential and actual disaster
consequences. It has significantly enhanced the mechanisms for resource
management, reporting and documentation, promotion of responder safety, and
optimum achievement of response objectives as evident in past major disaster
response operations to include management of planned high-density population
gatherings.

To develop better appreciation and understanding of ICS at the management level,

there is a need to conduct an executive course, designed as a crash-course which
shall highlight the core principles, features and functions of ICS.

Course Objectives

General Objective
Upon completion of the training, the participants will be able to obtain the knowledge
and attitude required when it comes to the application of the general concepts and
principles of ICS from manager’s point of view.

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Specific Objectives
Upon completion of the training, the participants will be able to:

1. Explain the concept of ICS, its background, overview, principles and features;
2. Describe the ICS organization;
3. Determine the ICS facilities;
4. Describe how to manage planned events and major incidents; and
5. Determine the common responsibilities for any ICS practitioner.

Course Methodology

The course will employ a self-paced learning sessions, interactive-lecture discussion

via video teleconferencing, and self-paced exercise and assignments for the course
duration. Pre-training and post-training evaluation will also be administered in order to
assess the effectiveness of the training course based on knowledge increased.

Duration: 4 days

Category: Technical Course

Completing this course will credit 14 technical training hours

Guidelines for Participants

Requirement for course completion

• Take the Pre-test
• Complete all Modules/Sessions
• Submit all Assignments
• Accomplish Evaluation Forms
• Pass the Post-Test (60% passing grade)

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Video-teleconferencing rules
• Reflect NAME and OCD ID Number in your account name.
• Open your video camera.
• Dress appropriately.
• Choose a suitable background.
Online discussion rules
• All participants are muted by default.
• Strictly no interruption during the lecture. There will be an open-forum
afterwards.
• Put your questions in the chat box (or ask them during the open-forum)
• Wait to be acknowledged before you unmute.

TRAINING TEAM ASSISTANCE

Please feel free to contact or approach any of the OCD Secretariat for assistance on
any training-related concern.

For further inquiries, you may contact:

Capacity Building and Training Service
Office of Civil Defense Central Office
8912 - 4832 / 8421-1926
cbts@ocd.gov.ph

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 Course Program
DAY 0 (PRE-TRAINING)
Projected
Time Particulars Methodology
Duration
0830H – 0930H Training Orientation 1 hour VTC
N/A Pre-Test N/A Self-Paced

N/A Introduction to ICS N/A Self-Paced

N/A Assignment 1: Who is in command? N/A Self-Paced
DAY 1
Projected
Time Particulars Methodology
Duration
0900H – 0930H Course Overview 30 minutes VTC
0930H – 1000H Module 1: ICS Organization 30 minutes VTC

1000H – 1030H Open Forum 30 minutes VTC

1030H – 1100H Module 2: ICS Facilities 30 minutes VTC

1100H – 1130H Open Forum 30 minutes VTC

Assignment 2: Application of ICS – N/A Self-paced

N/A
Objectives and Facilities
DAY 2
Projected
Time Particulars Methodology
Duration

0900H – 0930H Recap 30 minutes VTC

Module 3: Managing Planned Events 30 minutes VTC
0930H – 1000H
and Incidents

1000H – 1030H Open Forum 30 minutes VTC

1030H – 1100H Module 4: Common Responsibilities 30 minutes VTC
1100H – 1130H Open Forum 30 minutes VTC

Assignment 3: Application of ICS – N/A Self-paced

N/A
Incident Management Options

POST-TRAINING
Projected
Time Particulars Methodology
Duration

N/A Training Evaluation N/A Self-Paced

N/A Post-Test N/A Self-Paced

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 Course Modules

Self-paced

Introduction to This is an introduction to the concept of ICS,

highlighting its background and development as
ICS well as the key features and principles.

Module 1

This module presents the composition of the ICS

ICS organization and the roles and responsibilities
Organization of the members of the Incident Management
Team.

Module 2

ICS This module emphasizes the basic ICS facilities,

Facilities their uses and map symbols.

Module 3

Managing This module underscores the considerations for

Planned Events managing planned events and major incidents
and Incidents using a number of incident management options.

Module 4

Common This module is about the communication

responsibilities that any ICS practitioner must be
Responsibilities aware of.

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 Self-Paced Learning Session

Introduction to ICS

Lessons from Past Incidents

Philippines: a country that is at risk to disasters

Natural hazards abound in the Philippines primarily because of our geographic
location along the Pacific Ring of Fire and Pacific Typhoon Belt. This makes our
country prone to natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons and
tropical storms.

Aside from natural hazards, we also have to contend with various human-induced
hazards such as fires, bombing and terrorist attacks.

Common Issues with Disaster Response

Lack of reliable incident information

It is unclear who is the assigned public information officer to disseminate official and
legitimate situation update.

Inadequate communications
Stakeholders rely on their own communication tools and channels that are not
interoperable and interconnected with the rest.

Too many responders

There are too many rescuers, emergency medical teams, fire fighters, social workers,
etc. in one incident area that compromise efficiency.
“Span of control” is overwhelming, eg 1 supervisor commanding around 10 to 15
responders.

Lack of accountability
Some of the responders act as “freelancers” by initiating action on their own without
adhering to the authority of the persons in command or the leaders in the jurisdiction.

Lack of structure for coordinated planning and response

There is no clear mechanism to harmonize multi-stakeholder planning and response.
Further, incident objectives are unclear or not properly disseminated to all involved in
the response effort.

Unclear lines of authority

There are different “bosses” in one area. It is no longer clear who is in charge and
calling the shots.

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Terminology differences
Some personnel are unfamiliar with the terminologies and jargons used by others,
leading to confusion and ineffective communication.

Political intervention
Some take advantage of the disaster for political interests. Others even abuse their
authorities.

Overview of ICS

What is ICS?
ICS is a standard, on-scene, all-hazard incident management concept that can be
used by DRRMCs at all levels, particularly response groups.

It is a universally accepted concept, a response mechanism attuned to international

guidelines. ICS is used is on the spot or at the actual scene of the incident. It can be
applied for all types of disasters, whether caused by natural or human-induced
hazards.

ICS is made practically for all stakeholders, whether government or non-government

disaster managers and responders.

Origin of ICS
ICS was brought to the Philippines by the US Forest Service with funding from USAID
through the ASEAN-US Cooperation on Disaster Management, which started way
back in 2003.

Originally referred to as FIRESCOPE, ICS was designed for managing forest fires in
the US and was eventually adopted for use in managing tactical resources or all forms
of emergencies.

ICS around the World

The use of ICS is widespread in several countries around the world:
• United States
• Canada
• Australia
• New Zealand
• Mexico
• China
• Vanuatu
• Bhutan
• India
• Sri Lanka
• Ethiopia
• Ghana
• Latin American Countries
• Many other countries

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At the ASEAN, the practice of ICS promotes regional cooperation among the 10
ASEAN Member States, including the Philippines, as part of the declaration “One
ASEAN One Response.”

Harmonized Response
ICS allows users to adopt an integrated organizational structure to match the
complexities and demands of single or multiple incidents without being hindered by
agency or jurisdictional boundaries.

It allows different actors to harmonize their efforts, have a common objective despite
their differences in mandates, functions and priorities.

ICS Legal Bases

Republic Act 10121

ICS was mandated to be established in the Philippines through Republic Act 10121,
particularly in the following provisions:
• Section 9 (g): The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) shall "formulate standard
operating procedures for the deployment of rapid assessment teams,
information sharing among different government agencies, and coordination
before and after disasters at all levels."
• Rule 7 (h), Implementing Rules and Regulations: The OCD shall “establish an
incident command system (ICS) as part of the country's existing on-scene
disaster response system, to ensure effective consequence management of
disasters or emergencies.”

NDRRMC Memo No. 4, s. 2012

Issued on 28 March 2012, this provides the guidelines on use of ICS as an on-scene
disaster response and management mechanism under the Philippine DRRM System.

Executive Order No. 82, s. 2012

On 04 September 2012, Executive Order No. 82 was issued. Specifically, under
Section 4D, the Executive Order states that “as soon as an incident is declared as
approaching crisis level, the responding Crisis Manager activates the Incident
Command System (ICS)…”

OCD Memo No. 758A, s. 2014

Issued on 23 October 2014 , this approves the ICS Field Operations Guide for use
and dissemination by the OCD.

NDRRMC Memo No. 48, s. 2015

Issued on 12 November 2015, this provides for the localization of ICS forms in the
Philippine context.

NDRRMC Memo No. 43, s. 2016

Issued on 18 August 2016, this provides the guidelines on the interoperability of the
Incident Management Teams and Response Clusters.

NDRRMC Memo No. 44, s. 2016

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Also issued on 18 August 2016, this provides the guidelines on the mobilization of
Incident Management Teams.

NDRRMC-NSC JMC No. 1, s. 2016

Issued on 30 August 2016, this Joint Memorandum Circular of the NDRRMC and the
National Security Council requires the use of ICS as an integral component of
contingency plan for both natural and human-induced hazards.

NDRRMC Memo No. 100, s. 2017

Approved on 16 August 2017, this reiterates the training qualifications to become
recognized by the OCD as an ICS Cadre or Master Trainer.

DILG Memo No. 2018-49

Issued on 06 April 2018, this provides guidelines for the implementation of the Seal of
Good Local Governance. Specifically, ICS training has been required as one of the
assessment criteria that must be satisfied by local government units to become
qualified for the awarding of the Seal of Good Local Governance.

NDRRMC Memorandum No. 131, s. 2018

Issued on 25 October 2018, this provides for the standardization of Emergency
Operations Center (EOC) in terms of establishment, operationalization and
management. It clarifies the application of ICS principles in EOC. It also highlights how
the EOC should work with the Incident Management Teams during response.

Regional and Local Institutionalization

With references to the issuances from the national government, regional and local
DRRMCS also formulated their respective policies, guidelines and ordinances to
institutionalize ICS in their areas of jurisdiction.

Purposes of ICS

Safety of responders and others

This is the number one priority: safety of the responders before proceeding to help
others. In ICS, a response operation can be put on hold or even terminated if the site
is not safe for the responders.

Achievement of tactical objectives

Tactical objectives are formulated as bases for the actions of the responders. In other
words, when you are deployed on-scene, you should know what is your actual role
and contribution for the operations.

Efficient use of resources

ICS ensures that resources match the needs of the incident. This is to prevent wastage
and overlapping of functions.

Proof of Effectiveness of ICS

The effectiveness of ICS in the Philippines has been proven academically

through the study conducted by the OCD and the Polytechnic University of the
Philippines (PUP) on the ASEAN 2017 Operations.

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Based on findings, ICS is effective in terms of maintaining an integrated management
organization, ensuring agencies’ contribution, management of agency responsibilities,
and implementation of overall command and control.

A study assessed the reliability and effectiveness of ICS in three (3) criteria:
policy, training and operations. The findings of the study indicate that ICS is reliable
and effective as an on-scene disaster response and management mechanism in the
country. ICS puts order in disasters. It systematizes and standardizes processes
by integrating mandates and functions of various stakeholders. ICS is a platform of
convergence for government, private sector, CSOs/NGOs and the community to work
together in managing disasters, and yield mutually desired results

Principles and Features of ICS

Common Terminology
All ICS communications should be done in plain language. Radio codes, agency-
specific codes, acronyms, and other jargon should be avoided to ensure that radio
traffic can be understood by everyone on that channel. This ensures better
communication and a safer work environment.

Common terminology allows diverse incident management and support entities to

work together. Major functions and functional units with incident management
responsibilities are named and defined. Terminology for the organizational elements
involved is standard and consistent.

Modular Organization
The ICS organization is flexible and modular. Organization develops in a top- down
fashion, beginning with the Incident Commander (IC). The IC establishes organization
based on incident size, complexity, and specific hazards.
ICS also adheres to the principle of “Form follows function”, i.e., only
functions/positions necessary for the incident will be filled or activated.

Span of Control
Span of control pertains to the number of individuals one supervisor can effectively
manage.
Maintaining an effective span of control is particularly important in incidents where
safety and accountability have top priority.

In ICS, the ideal span of control for any supervisor falls within a range of 3 to 7
subordinates. If a supervisor has fewer than 3, or more than 7, people reporting to
him/her, some adjustments to the organization should be considered.

Chain of Command and Unity of Command

Chain of Command means that there is an orderly line of authority within the ranks
of the organization with lower levels subordinate to, and connected to, higher levels.

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Unity of command is ensuring unity of effort under one responsible person (or
commander) for completing a task.

Chain of Command and Unity of Command help to ensure that clear reporting
relationships exist. They eliminate the confusion caused by multiple, conflicting
directives.

“Check-in” for Accountability

Several procedures within the ICS ensure personnel accountability. Among these
procedures is the conduct of "check-in."

Upon arrival at the response site, all responders, regardless of agency or

affiliation, must check-in by reporting to the person in charge, the Incident
Commander, and receive an assignment in accordance with the procedures
established.

Incident Action Plan

Every incident needs an action plan. At first, response operations commences
based on existing practices and standards. As incidents grow in complexity and/or
size, ICS provides a format for a written action plan, referred to as the Incident Action
Plan (IAP).

The purpose of the IAP is to provide all incident supervisory personnel with appropriate
direction for action. The IAP specifies tactical actions associated with the next
operational period.

Forms and Tools

ICS has a variety of tools, including forms, to help standardize procedures and
documentation.

Documentation of ICS Application

Black Nazarene Traslacion

Since 2013, ICS is implemented during the celebration of Black Nazarene Traslacion
to ensure the safety of devotees from security threats, stampede, and other untoward
incidents. Principles such as unity of command are applied to effectively manage
event requirements.

Typhoon Ruby
In response to Typhoon Ruby, regional and local IMTs were mobilized. They
developed the Incident Action Plans and conducted Operational Period Briefings for
the responders. Evacuation procedures, rescue and clearing operations were
conducted efficiently and effectively.

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

During the hosting of the APEC in 2015, several Incident Management Teams were
deployed to various engagement areas, hotels and meeting venues of various regions
to ensure the safety and welfare of the APEC delegates. Moreover, during the APEC
Economic Leaders Meeting, the concept of Unified Command was applied by the
NDRRMC under the Joint Task Group Emergency Preparedness.

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Mt. Apo Fire Incident
During the Mt. Apo Fire Incident, RDRRMC XI and XII fully applied the concepts and
principles of ICS to facilitate inter-agency response and prevent further spreading of
the fire. Moreover, the ICS was used for proper coordination with other neighboring
regions offering assistance.

Marawi Crisis
In response to Marawi Crisis, the National Incident Management Team was mobilized
to augment for consequence management. The focus was on the provision of
immediate needs for the communities displaced due to the armed conflict situation.

Mayon Volcano Eruption

During the Mayon Volcano Eruption, RDRRMC V assisted the local government units
in managing the needs of the displaced population. An Incident Management Team
was mobilized to facilitate the distribution of relief goods and other resources.

Batanes Earthquake
After the earthquake hit Batanes in July 2019, the mobilization of Incident
Management Team was among the initial actions undertaken by the local government
unit. An Incident Command Post was established, among other ICS facilities, to
manage the entry of external assistance.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

With reference to the National Action Plan, DRRMCs have been organized as Task
Forces for COVID-19. Among the mechanisms of the Local Task Forces is the
mobilization of Incident Management Teams. Examples of activities are the
management of areas under community quarantine, the distribution of assistance to
families, and the facilitation of resource needs for the locally stranded individuals.

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 Video Teleconferencing Modules

MODULE 1: ICS ORGANIZATION

Module Objectives

Upon completion of this module, the participants will be able to:

1. Explain the roles of the Responsible Official in ICS, and
2. Discuss the ICS organization as well as the composition of the Incident
Management Team.

Roles of Responsible Official

Responsible Official (RO): Person vested with overall decision-making authority such
as:
• Local Chief Executive
• Department Secretary
• Head of Agency/ Organization / Office
• Chairperson of DRRMC
Roles:
• Provides overall policy direction, guidance and priorities
• Serves as link to other higher authorities
• Delegates authority to Incident Commander

ICS Organization

• ICS organization begins with the IC

• The IC may designate Command Staff to provide information, liaison, and
safety services.
• As the incident expands in complexity, the IC may add General Staff Sections.

Incident Management Team

Composed of the Incident Commander and appropriate Command and General Staff

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Incident Commander (IC)

• Receives authority from the RO

• Sets incident objectives
• Leads the tactical incident response
• Note: First responder is automatically the IC.

Functional Responsibilities

Command Staff

Public Information Officer (PIO)

• Focal person for information dissemination

• Works closely with other PIOs and the media

Liaison Officer (LOFR) - Contact point for representatives of assisting and

cooperating agencies

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Safety Officer (SOFR)
• Anticipates, detects, and corrects unsafe situations
• Has emergency authority to stop unsafe operations

General Staff

Operations Section

• Directs execution of all tactical operations

• Usually the first organization assigned to the incident
• Headed by Operations Section Chief (OSC)

Planning Section

• Collects, evaluates and processes information

• Develops Incident Action Plan
• Maintains situation and resource status
• Headed by Planning Section Chief (PSC)

Logistics Section

• Provides resources and all other services to support the responders

• Headed by Logistics Section Chief (LSC)

Finance/ Administration Section

• Monitors incident costs

• Maintains financial records
• Administers procurement contracts
• Performs time recording
• Headed by Finance/Admin Section Chief (FSC)

Applying the ICS Organization

• ICS positions are different from office titles.

• Activate the other positions only when needed.
• Rank does not apply in ICS

Rank does not apply

Age, sex, educational background and years of experience are STATISTICALLY

INSIGNIFICANT to effective unity of command.

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Interoperability of ICS

Allows emergency management / response personnel and their affiliated

organizations to communicate within and across agencies and jurisdictions.

Interoperability of ICS with Other Response Elements

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 MODULE 2: ICS FACILITIES

Module Objective

Upon completion of this module, participants will be able to describe the facilities used
in ICS, their purposes and appropriate map symbols.

Factors to Consider when Establishing ICS Facilities

• Needs of the incident

• Length of time the facility will be used
• Cost to establish the facility
• Environmental considerations

Incident Command Post (ICP)

• Location for primary command functions

• Facility dedicated for the IC
• Only one ICP for every incident

Staging Area(s)

• Location of resources waiting for assignments and ready

for mobilization
• May have several Staging Areas

Base

• Location for out-of-service equipment (for repair) and

personnel (for medication)
• Only one Base for every incident

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Camp(s)

• Temporary location to provide services for responders

(accommodation, food, water, sanitary services, etc.)
• May have several Camps

Helibase

Location where helicopters and air assets may be parked,

maintained, fueled, and loaded.

Helispot(s)

• Temporary locations where helicopters and air assets can

safely land and take off
• Used to load or off-load personnel, equipment, and
supplies
• May have several Helispots

Other Facilities

• Camps for displaced persons

• Warehouse for inventory of donations of supplies, etc.
• Security/Safety facilities
• Morgue for Disaster Victim Identification

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 MODULE 3: MANAGING PLANNED EVENTS AND
INCIDENTS

Module Objectives

Upon completion of this module, the participants will be able to:

1. Describe the use of ICS for managing planned events and incidents; and
2. Discuss the various incident management options.

Managing Planned Events and Incidents

Planned Events: Planned events are organized gatherings such as parades, fiestas,
concerts, conferences, and other events usually characterized by having high-density
population of audiences or attendees requiring security services.

Use of ICS for Planned Events

• Disasters/ incidents may threaten the lives of the attendees to the event.
• ICS helps to properly organize and preposition responders in anticipation of
disasters/ incidents.

Major Incidents
• May start as major incidents (typhoons)
• May occur with little or no advanced warning (earthquakes, flash floods,
bombing)
• May start as small but has potential to grow (oil spill, SARS)

Organizing ICS for Major Incidents

1. Size up the situation
2. Assess if lives are at risk
3. Establish objectives
4. Establish ICS Organization (IMT)
5. Determine and account resource needs
6. Develop Incident Action Plan (IAP)
7. Execute and monitor work progress

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Incident Management Options

Single Command
• ICS organization with single IC
• Applies during initial response

If the incident is getting larger/more complex, functions and resources are added.

As the incident size/complexity increases, divisions/groups are added

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Unified Command
• Allows different agencies/organizations with responsibility for the incident to
jointly provide management direction
• Composed of several ICs from different agencies who work on an agreed and
common set of incident objectives

Incident Complex
• Applies to two or more incidents located in the same general proximity
managed by a single IMT
• Examples for Incident Complex
o Earthquakes, typhoons, floods, in the same area
o Several separate forest fires burning in close proximity
o Many separate incidents occurring simultaneously.
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Single Incident Divided

• Incident becomes too large and spreads to more than one jurisdiction.
• As the incident spreads, different objectives must be accomplished in different
areas, thereby requiring more IMTs.
• Example: Flooding Incident divided into Two Incidents
o Initially, flooded area was only in City A and an IMT was established.
o The flood spread to City B and City C.
o Incident is now too large and too complex for single IMT. Two IMTs are
required.

Area Command

An IMT functions as Area Command Team to:

• Oversee management of multiple incidents by multiple IMTs; or
• Oversee multiple IMTs managing a single very large incident
• Example: Flooding Incident managed using Area Command:

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 MODULE 4: COMMON RESPONSIBILITIES

Module Objective

Upon completion of this module, the participants will be able to explain the common
responsibilities that are expected to be undertaken by all ICS practitioners.

Dispatch/ Deployment

• Only deploy to an incident when requested or when authorized.

• Receive a complete deployment briefing.

Check-in

Purposes of Check-in
• Ensures accountability
• Prepares personnel for assignments
• Locates personnel
• Helps to plan for demobilization

Check-in Procedures
Responders must check-in only ONCE at the AUTHORIZED LOCATION such as:
• Incident Command Post
• Base
• Camp
• Staging Area
• Helibase

Initial Incident Briefing

• Current situation updates

• Incident objectives
• Work assignments
• Location of work area
• Procedures for obtaining additional resources
• Possible hazards and safety procedures

Accountability

• Maintain chain of command and unity of command

• Take direction from a single supervisor
• Observe buddy-buddy system
• Follow the objectives in the IAP
• Communicate using clear text and plain language

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Transfer of Command

Transfer of Command is the process of moving the responsibility of incident command

from one IC to another.

Why Transfer Command?

• Another agency is legally required to take command
• For effectiveness or efficiency
• Incident complexity changes
• To relieve personnel
• For personal emergencies
• RO directs a change in command

Transfer of Command Procedures

• Transfer of command should take place face-to-face
• Include a complete briefing
• The effective time and date of the transfer should be communicated

Demobilization

Demobilization refers to the release and return of resources that are no longer required
for the support of an incident/event.

Demobilization Procedures
• Complete work assignments
• Finalize reports
• Brief replacements
• Evaluate performance
• Return supplies, as appropriate
• Settle administration issues
• Notify your unit re home arrival

Close-out Meeting between RO and IMT

• Incident summary and actions taken

• Major events that transpired
• Documentation/ report turnover
• Issues and concerns
• Evaluation of performance by the IMT

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