Lesson No.

6: FRICTION: Static and Kinetic

Force of Friction – when an object is in motion either on a surface or in a viscous medium such as air or water, there is
resistance to the motion because the object interacts with its surroundings.
A. Friction: It refers to the actual forces that are exerted to oppose motion. It is a contact resistance exerted by one body
upon a second body when the second body tends to move past the first body.
B. Kinds of Friction:
1. Sliding Friction – It is the frictional resistance an object in motion experiences.
2. Rolling Friction – It is the resistance to motion caused usually by deformation.
3. Fluid Friction – It is a friction encountered by a solid when it moves in a liquid gas.
Example: 1. Resistance moving object on water. 2. Resistance of air on a moving car or airplane.
C. Two Types of Force of Sliding Friction:
1. Force of Static Friction (Fs): It is the type of friction that acts when there is no relative motion between an object
and the surface, or is the starting force must overcome to be set on motion.
Application: Object at rest
Fs ≤ UsN
Analysis of Force of Static Friction
Let Fs max = 30N
a. Fs = 0, if there is no force parallel to the plane. c. The object is about to move or motion is impending.
W F = 30N

Us Fs = - 30N
N Fs = 0
b. The object is still in equilibrium. d. The object will move because the applied force F
F = 30N exceeded the maximum force of static friction.
F = 30N
Fs = - 30N
Us Fs = - 30N
Fs max = Us N
2. Force of Kinetic Friction (Fk): It is the type of friction that acts when an object slides over a surface, or is the force
to maintain in uniform motion.
(Application Moving Objects)
W
Fk = UkN
F
Note: Us > Uk
Uk N Fk
D. Formulas:
U = Ff , U k = Fk , Us = Fs
N N N
Where:
U = coefficient of friction, Us = coefficient of static friction, Uk = coefficient of kinetic friction
Ff = frictional force (it is a contact parallel between two objects that opposes the motion of the body, or
opposite direction of the force F a motion), the frictional resisting force
W = weight of an object
N = resultant normal force (opposite direction of the weight)
Three Cases in Solving Coefficient of Friction U:
Case I: The force F is parallel to the horizontal line. Case II: The force F is applied at an angle θ above the horizontal
N Illustration:
Illustration: F Ff_ = F a. Push F N Motion b. Pull N F
U= θ
N W θ
U Ff
W
U W Ff U W Ff
U= f =F _ F Cos θ__ F _ F Cos θ__
U= f =
N W + F Sin θ N W – F Sin θ
Case III: The force F is at Inclined plane (Friction on Inclined Plane).
Angle of Repose: It is the Angle of inclination at which the object will slide by itself in uniform motion.
Illustration: Motion N

Ff U U = Ff_ = Sin θ = Tan θ

N Cos θ
θ
θ W