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    Colonialism began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes to Asia following the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Technological innovations like the compass, astrolabe, and advances in shipbuilding enabled explorers like Columbus and Vasco da Gama to establish new trade routes and colonies. The profits from these colonies and trade routes led to increased competition and a race for exploration and colonial expansion among European powers like Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and Britain during the 16th-17th centuries. Colonialism was driven by factors like naval power, domination of sea routes, and the establishment of plantation economies and systems of looting wealth from colonies.

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    Colonialism began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes to Asia following the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Technological innovations like the compass, astrolabe, and advances in shipbuilding enabled explorers like Columbus and Vasco da Gama to establish new trade routes and colonies. The profits from these colonies and trade routes led to increased competition and a race for exploration and colonial expansion among European powers like Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and Britain during the 16th-17th centuries. Colonialism was driven by factors like naval power, domination of sea routes, and the establishment of plantation economies and systems of looting wealth from colonies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    20 views11 pages

    Classroom 3 Advent of Europeans

    Uploaded by

    iamshubham1235
    Colonialism began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes to Asia following the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Technological innovations like the compass, astrolabe, and advances in shipbuilding enabled explorers like Columbus and Vasco da Gama to establish new trade routes and colonies. The profits from these colonies and trade routes led to increased competition and a race for exploration and colonial expansion among European powers like Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and Britain during the 16th-17th centuries. Colonialism was driven by factors like naval power, domination of sea routes, and the establishment of plantation economies and systems of looting wealth from colonies.

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    of 11

    B Himanshu Khatri

    1] Definition of Colonialism:

    • Establishment, Exploitation,
    Maintenance, Acquisition, &
    Expansion of colonies in one
    territory by people from another

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    territory.

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    • It is a set of unequal

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    relationships

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    • b/w Colonial Power & Colony
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    • & b/w Settlers & Indigenous


    people

    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

    2] How did Colonialism begin?


    •2.1] Role of Explorations:

    • Background: 13th CE Marco Polo discovered

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    China

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    • Huge Monetary Profits: eg Venice became main

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    port for Spice Trade with India

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    • Role of Geog: Monopoly of Sea Spice Route by
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    Venice forced other EU powers to buy Spices at
    O

    high prices
    • Ottoman blocked route in 1453 after defeating
    Byzantine->quest for new route

    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

    Silk & Spice Trade Routes

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    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

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    d.
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    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

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    Routes after AoD 16th (Blue -Portugal, White-Spain)

    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

    2] How did Colonialism happen?


    2.2] The technical innovations:
    • Compass (direction) » 1492: Columbus: Haiti/
    • Astrolabe (location)
    Americas
    » 1498: Vasco Da Gama-
    • Art of Mapping

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    India

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    • Better Ships » 1500: Amerigo(Sp) South

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    America

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    All this led to better knowledge of sea (weather

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    » Portuguese discovered

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    patterns, route maps)
    Philippines & China

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    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

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    d.
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    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

    3] Spread of Colonialism
    • Profits led to race for exploration & Sp,
    Portugal were joined by Dutch, Br, Fr

    • Determinants of success in Colonial era

    • Sea Power: Merchant fleet, Navy,

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    Domination of sea routes, Ports of Call

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    • thus Pr and Sp replaced Italy but later

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    Dutch, Fr, Br

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    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

    3] Spread of Colonialism
    3G, Loot & Plantation Systems

    • (Sp looted Incas (Peru) & Aztecs (Mexico)

    • Plantation System introduced in Brazil by Pr)

    New commodities in EU: Tobacco (Cuba),

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    Potato, Maize, Spices

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    gm
    Era of Mercantile Capitalism:

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    d.
    • Establishing of Trading Posts,

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    • attacking merchant vessels,
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    • trade barriers,

    • blocking trade routes,

    • special trading rights

    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

    4] Slave Trade:
    Slave trade was started by the Portugal in
    Brazil, Sp in Haiti, Florida, Mexico, Chile &
    other Coastal South America
    o For labour on Plantation Systems for

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    Sugar, Tobacco, Cotton

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    o Trans-Atlantic/Triangular in nature.

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    o From Individual Merchants in late 15th to

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    Cos by end of 16th CE
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    • Did Industrial Revolution increase Slave


    Trade?
    • Slavery Abolishment-Fr (1789), Br(1833),
    US(1865).

    B Himanshu Khatri
    B Himanshu Khatri

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    d.
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    B Himanshu Khatri

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