THE IMPACT OF SINGLE PARENTING ON A CHILD’S BEHAVIOURAL

DEVELOPMENT IN NAGA CITY

A PRACTICAL RESEARCH PRESENTED TO THE SHS DEPARTMENT OF AMA

COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER, NAGA CITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL-HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

BACUD, MICAELA B.

DE GUZMAN, JUSTINE FAE S.

MORAL, VICTOR JAMES P.

 Table of Contents

Title Page.......................................... I
Approval Sheet..................................... II
Acknowledgement....................................III
Abstract........................................... IV
Table of Contents...................................V

Chapter I: THE PROBLEM

Introduction.........................................1-2

Statement of the Problem.............................3

Significance of the Study............................4

Scope and Limitation.................................4

Theoretical Framework................................5-7

Conceptual Framework.................................8-9

Hypotheses of the Study..............................9

Definition of Terms..................................9

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

Related Literatures.................................10-14

Related Studies.....................................15-17

Synthesis.......................... ....................17

Chapter III: METHODOLOGY

Research Design.....................................18
Population and Sampling Techniques..................18-19
Research Locale.....................................19
Data Gathering Procedure............................20
Research Instrument.................................21-24
References......................................... 25-26
Chapter IV: RESULTS/ FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Chapter V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Results....................................27-29
Conclusions...........................................30-31
Recommendations.......................................30-31
REFERENCES............................................32
APPENDIX .............................................33
Research Instrument.................................. 34-37

Documentation..............................................38-39

Curriculum Vitae...........................................40-42
 AMA Computer Learning Center Naga
4/F, Nagaland E Mall, Elias Angeles, Naga, 4400 Camarines Sur
S/Y 2022-2023

The research proposal entitled The Impact of Single Parenting on a child’s Behavioral
Development in Naga City , prepared and presented by Mecaela B. Bacud, Victor James Moral Justine
Fae De Guzman et. al on an Oral Defense last June 31,2023 , has been examined and is recommended for
approval and acceptance in the subject Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion.

MS. LARIZA B. REYES, LPT

Research Adviser

MR. CHARLIE S. ABIG, LPT

Chairman of the Panel

MS. MA. MARTHA AREVALO, LPT MS. APRIELA STO. DOMINGO, LPT
Panel Member Panel Member

MS. LENDSY S. MERILLES, LPT

Grade 12 Academic Coordinator

ADRIAN C. LITAM
School Director
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We extremely grateful to a number of people who made this

work possible. Firsty we would like to express my sincere gratitude to
my supervisor Ms. Lariza Reyes further invaluable support and guidance
throughout this research. Their encouragement, insightful feedback, and
expertise aided in the development and completion of this work.

We would also like to thank all of the participants of brgy. Balatas

Single Parents, who give their time ad shared their thoughts and
experiences on how difficult to raise a child when you are a single
parent. Allowing us to gather valuable data and insights.

Furthermore, We appreciate the support and encouragement provided by

our family and classmates, who encouraged us to overcome challenges and
keep us motivated throughout this project.

Finally, We would like to acknowledge the academic community for their

contribution to our Research. The existing literature in this field
served as valuable foundation and inspiration for our work.

Researchers
 ABSTRACT

This study looked at the challenges faced by single parent in

raising kids and understanding their behavior. Participants were
20 single parents, 1 male and 19 females respondents. Last week
we conducted a survey. Participants were given surveys, Result
suggested that children raised in single-parent families in Naga
City are at higher risk of developing behavioral problems due to
a lack of support, supervision, and communication. Results are
examined in terms of their relevance for single parents and their
effects on children’s behavioural.
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The number of single-parent families worldwide has been

rising quickly and dramatically in recent years. One way for
this transformation to occur is through a divorce,
desertion, or separation of adults; another is by an adult's
passing; a third possibility is through giving birth to an
unnatural kid. The most frequent cause of this condition is
divorce, which is on the rise. In the US, women lead
singleparent households in around 85% of cases and males in
16% of cases. 34 of single parents are single moms who have
an unmarried partner because of an unplanned pregnancy,
according to Ernisch and Wright (1989a). It should be
highlighted how many of them there are and the issues they
are having. Ernisch and Wright (1989a) found that single
mothers who have unmarried partners because of unplanned
pregnancies account for 34 of all single parents. It is
important to draw attention to the growing number of these
people and the difficulties they are experiencing.
According to theories of child development, children find
divorce upsetting since it entails parental disagreement and
typically results in separation.
Additionally, after a divorce, kids typically remain with
their moms, even though men are now more likely than in the
past to be granted custody. Children may suffer from a
divorce in a variety of ways, from academic performance to
adjustment. Less parental involvement, difficult financial
circumstances, and parental conflict all have an influence
on children after divorce. Most of the time, when parents
after a divorce or when they reside with the same-sex
parent, share custody. A number of adjustments are present
when a two-parent family system is converted into a
singleparent family system, especially when the new system
is first established (Faye et al., 2015). There are many
different kinds of single-parent families, but women preside
over the majority of them. Children may have either a
shortterm or long-term consequence from the single parent
system brought on by parental divorce. the immediate impact,
such as behavioral issues at home or at school. The negative
or traumatic experiences may have an impact on the long-term
effects.
The challenges that single parents must overcome are
numerous. Their plight include being handicapped in domestic
chores, multiple roles as a mother and a father as a child,
the loneliness while earning a living away from the child,
and earning double to augment for the needs of the child.
Solo parents are mostly worried by financial concerns (Dawe
2005, Burgund et, al. 2013). The difficulties of solo
parents, if not properly managed, will impact the child's
development. In 2003, Bicol region ranked third from Caraga
Region (XIII) and Autonomous Region of Muslim

Mindanao (ARMM), among regions in the Philippines

with highest percentage of child poverty (Castro

2010).

Statement of the problem

The focus of the study on the impact of single parenting

on a child's behavioral development in Naga City.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following:

1.What is the demographic profiles of the Single parents in

terms of:

a. Age

b. Gender

2.Impact of Single Parent on a child’s behavioral

development?

3.How does single parenting affect children's behavioural

development ?
Scope and Delimitation

The Scope of this research is the unmarried mother/father

who has preferred to keep and rear her/his child or
children, who are in Naga City. The survey and data
collections will be limited to just 30 single parents
located in Naga City to answer the given questionnaires
being conducted by the researchers. Any changes in the
opinion of the participants after the interview conducted
will no longer be covered and included in the research.

Significance of the study

This study will be very much beneficial to the following:

Single Parents. They can use this as a manual for raising
their children. Given their circumstances, it can serve as a
guidance for them on how to appropriately raise their
children.
Children. The youngsters will comprehend why they are in
that situation. They can understand their condition and
their parents more fully as well as they learn more about
it. Here, they will perceive why their current situation is
not the same as the other children.
Community. The majority will comprehend such happenings
around them better. They will be better positioned to
emphasize with individuals in similar circumstances, refrain
from passing judgements and offer assistance when possible

Future Researchers. This will be beneficial to the future

researchers causes they will be able to use this as guide
and reference to their research. This will help them to find
solutions, ideas, and information about this certain topic.
Also expands knowledge and understanding regarding this
topic.
Theoretical framework

This study is anchored to three (3) theories, the

parenting style theory by Diana Baumrind, (1960), the family
stress theory by Reuben Hill, (1949), and the attachment
theory by John Bowlby, (1991). These theories utilized the
problem and support the study.

Parenting styles theory by Diana Baumid (1960) suggests

that different parenting styles can have different effects
on a child's behavioral development. In the research title,
"The Impact of Single Parenting on a Child's Behavioral
Development in Naga City," the focus is on the effect of
single parenting on a child's behavioral development. Single
parenting is likely to have an impact on the parenting style
that is used, as the single parent may have less time and
resources to devote to parenting and may have to adopt a
more permissive or authoritarian style.

The research may explore the different parenting styles

that are used by single parents and how they may impact the
child's behavioral development. For example, it may examine
whether single parents who adopt an authoritarian style have
children with more behavioral problems than those who adopt
a more authoritative style.
Additionally, the research may also examine how the
parenting style of the other parent, if present, interacts
with the parenting style of the single parent and how it may
affect the child's behavioral development. Overall, the
parenting styles theory provides a framework for
understanding how the different ways in which single parents
raise their children may affect the child's behavioral
development.
Family stress theory, Ruben Hill (1949) posits that
certain events or changes within a family, such as the loss
of a parent through divorce or death, can lead to stress and
disruptions in the functioning of the family system. In the
case of single parenting, the loss of one parent can
increase the burden on the remaining parent to provide for
and care for the children, leading to increased stress and
potential disruptions in the parent-child relationship.
Research on the impact of single parenting on a child's
behavioral development has found that children of single
parents are at an increased risk for negative outcomes such
as behavioral problems, academic difficulties, and emotional

distress. This may be due to the increased stress and

financial strain experienced by single parents, as well as
the lack of a positive male or female role model in the
home.
The title of the research "The Impact of Single
Parenting on a Child’s Behavioural Development in Naga City"
is closely related to the family stress theory, since it is
examining the specific effects of single parenting on
children's development in a specific geographic area. This
research aims to better understand the unique challenges and
needs of single-parent families in Naga City, and how they
may be different from single-parent families in other areas.

Attachment theory by John Bowlby (1991) posits that the

quality of the emotional bond between a child and their
primary caregiver(s) plays a crucial role in shaping the
child's emotional and social development. According to
attachment theory, children who form secure attachments with
their caregivers are more likely to develop positive
emotional regulation, self-esteem, and social skills, while
children who form insecure attachments may struggle with
emotional regulation, anxiety, and social difficulties.
The title of the research "The Impact of Single Parenting
on a Child’s Behavioural Development in Naga City" is
closely related to attachment theory in that it is examining
the effects of a specific change in the primary caregiver-
child

relationship (the loss of one parent) on a child's

emotional and social development.
This research may examine whether children of single
parents are more likely to form insecure attachments with
their remaining parent, and if that is related to behavioral
and emotional difficulties. Additionally, research may also
explore if the absence of one parent affects the child's
ability to form a healthy attachment with other people in
his/her life, such as teachers, peers, or other caregivers.
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

PARENTING STYLE FAMILY STRESS THEORY ATTACHMENT THEORY

THEORY

Ruben Hill (1949) John Bowlby (1991)

Diana Baumid (1960)
Conceptual framework

The conceptual framework of this study is illustrated

through a research paradigm based on how the different
variables interplay of the different theories and model
presented.

The conceptual framework posits that single parenting

(independent variable) is associated with child behavioral
development (dependent variable). Specifically, it is
hypothesized that children of single parents may be at a
greater risk for negative outcomes, such as behavioral
problems, academic difficulties, and emotional distress, due
to the increased stress and financial strain experienced by
single parents, as well as the lack of a positive male or
female role model in the home. Additionally, it is also
hypothesized that children of single parents may be more
likely to form insecure attachments with their remaining
parent, which may further contribute to behavioral and
emotional difficulties.
 CHILD BEHAVIORAL
SINGLE
CHILD BEHAVIORAL
DEVELOPMENT
PARENTING
DEVELOPMENT

Figure 2 Conceptual Framework

Hypotheses of the study

From the problem stated, the following null hypotheses

were formulated and will be used to draw out if it will be
accepted or rejected that corresponds to the result of the
study.
Ho: There is no significant relationship between
single parenting and the child behavioral
development. H1: There is a significant relationship
between single parenting and the child behavioral
development.

Definition of terms
Behavioural development. applies a behavior analytic
approach to the field of human development and behavior
change across the lifespan, by examining both the
acquisition of basic skills and the development of more
complex behaviors.
Single parent. It is a person who has a child or children
but does not have a spouse or live-in partner to assist in
the upbringing or support of the child. Reasons for becoming
a single parent include divorce, break-up, abandonment,
becoming widowed, domestic violence, rape, childbirth by a
single person or single-person adoption. A single parent
family is a family with children that is headed by a single
parent.
 Chapter II

REVIEW ON LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of literature

and related studies on the impact of single parenting on
child behavioral development. The literature review draws on
a wide range of sources, including academic journals, books,
and online databases, to present a thorough and up-to-date
overview of the current state of knowledge on this topic.
The related studies section presents a summary and critical
analysis of relevant studies conducted in Naga City, and
other regions that have investigated the effects of single
parenting on child behavioral development. The review of
literature and related studies will set the stage for the
present study by providing an understanding of the existing
research on the topic and identifying gaps in the literature
that the present study aims to fill.

Single parenting

Single parenting refers to the situation where one parent

is responsible for raising and caring for children on their
own, without the support and assistance of another parent.
This can occur due to a variety of reasons such as divorce,
death of a parent, or the non-involvement of one parent in
the child's life. Single parents are responsible for all

aspects of child-rearing including providing financial,

emotional and physical support, as well as making important
decisions for the child. This can be challenging and
stressful, but also rewarding for single parents who are
able to successfully raise well-adjusted and happy children
despite the absence of one parent. (Garcia, 2019).

Another, this research aims to investigate the impact of

single parenting on child behavioral development. Single
parenting is defined as a parent raising a child or
dependent alone without another person in the household to
help out. This includes individuals who are divorced,
legally separated, or unmarried. The study will explore the
unique challenges and experiences that single parents face
in raising their children and how it may impact the child's
behavioral development. Furthermore, the study aims to
identify any gaps in the literature and contribute to the
existing knowledge on the topic. (Jeremy, 2021).

When it comes to child development, emotional stability,

clear guidelines, love, and warmth are some of the most
important factors to consider. Children need to feel secure,
loved, and supported in order to develop properly. A single
parent can provide all of these things, and more, and
children can thrive with just one nurturing role model.
(Simard, 2017).

However, it's important to note that being raised by a

single parent does not necessarily mean a child will
experience these negative outcomes. Many single-parent
families provide children with a stable, loving, and
nurturing environment, and children can still thrive in such
households. Additionally, it's important to note that the
risk of these negative outcomes also depends on other
factors such as socio-economic status, support systems, and
the parent's ability to provide for the child emotionally
and financially. (Dan, 2021).

Being a single parent comes with a unique set of

challenges and responsibilities. One of the benefits of
being a single parent is that you make all the parenting
decisions, which allows you to shape your child's upbringing
in the way you feel is best for them. Additionally, you will
be responsible for managing the finances and making sure the
bills are paid on time, which can be a daunting task.
Another benefit of being a single parent is that your
children will likely be more responsible, as they will have
to learn to rely on themselves more. Additionally, you will
have undivided attention from your children, which can be a
positive thing for your relationship with them. However,
being a single parent also has its downsides. You will not
be dependent on others, which can be both a good and bad
thing. On the one hand, you will not have to rely on anyone
else to make decisions or take care of your children, but on
the other hand, it can be isolating and overwhelming at
times. (Kimberly, 2022).

Mykyta and Meyer (2017) provides a comprehensive overview

of the demographic, economic, and policy profile of single-
parent families in the United States. The authors used data
from the American Community Survey and the Current
Population Survey to examine the characteristics of
singleparent families, including their racial and ethnic
composition, income, and poverty rates, as well as their use
of public assistance programs. The authors also discussed
the implications of these findings for policy and practice.

Eggebeen and Lichter (2021) review the theoretical

perspectives and recent evidence on the effects of single
parenthood on child well-being. The authors discussed the
various theoretical perspectives on the effects of single
parenthood on child well-being and reviewed the evidence
from empirical studies. They found that children from
single-parent families tend to have lower educational
achievement, more behavioral problems, and lower levels of
well-being than children from two-parent families.
Parke and Barrera (2017) discussed the various ways that
single parenthood affects child development. They reviewed
the literature on the effects of single parenthood on
children's cognitive, social, and emotional development and

discussed the implications of these findings for practice

and policy.

Regnerus (2019) conducted a meta-analysis of the effects

of single parenthood on children's well-being. He reviewed
studies that examined the effects of single parenthood on
children's academic achievement, behavioral problems, and
emotional well-being. He found that children from single-
parent families tend to have lower academic achievement and
more behavioral problems than children from two-parent
families.

Amato (2020) the effects of family disruption on child

development. He reviewed the literature on the effects of
divorce and single parenthood on children's cognitive,
social, and emotional development. He found that children
from disrupted families tend to have lower academic
achievement, more behavioral problems, and lower levels of
well-being than children from intact families.

Child Behavioral development

Behavioral Development is a field that utilizes a behavior

analytic perspective to study the changes in human behavior
and development throughout the lifespan. This approach
examines the process of acquiring fundamental abilities, as

well as the growth of more intricate behaviors. (Henry,

2022).

Behavioral skills are abilities that allow people to

interact and communicate effectively with others. Some
examples of these skills include the ability to communicate
clearly, understand and respond to the emotions of others
(empathy), and resolve conflicts. Some individuals may
possess these skills naturally, while others may need to
learn and develop them through professional training. This
can help them achieve success in their careers. (Norman,
2019).

Consequently, acquiring positive social skills is

essential for children in order to establish a strong
foundation for future interactions and academic success.
Social skills include the ability to empathize with others,
take part in group activities, communicate effectively,
assist others, and problem-solve. These abilities are
crucial for children to form healthy relationships and excel
in their education. (Rachel, 2017).

Behavioral skills play a crucial role in an individual's

career advancement, as they shape the way an individual
reacts and responds in various scenarios. These skills can
affect how others perceive and interact with an individual,
which can help them establish and maintain positive
relationships in the workplace. They can also shape an
individual's attitudes and influence their professional
growth. (Victoria, 2018).

These behaviors, such as expressing happiness through

smiling, self-regulating emotions, using coos or gurgling
sounds as a form of communication, and developing the
ability to recognize and respond to different faces, are all
examples of early developmental milestones that are
important to observe and study in the field of child
development. A research study could focus on how these
behaviors develop and change over time in infants and young
children, and investigate any potential factors that may
influence their development, such as parenting styles or
environmental factors. (Joy, 2021).

Dunifon and Magnuson (2020) examined the relationship between

parenting and child development in non-traditional families,

including single-parent families, blended families, and

families headed by same-sex couples. The authors reviewed the

literature on parenting in these different types of families

and discussed the implications of these findings for practice

and policy.

Dudley and Simons (2018) conducted a meta-analysis of the

effects of single parenthood on child behavior. They
reviewed studies that examined the effects of single
parenthood on children's behavior and found that children

from single-parent families tend to have more behavioral

problems than children from two-parent families.

Deddens and Moore (2020) studied the relationship

between single motherhood, child behavior, and academic
achievement. They found that children from single-mother
families tend to have more behavioral problems and lower
academic achievement than children from two-parent families.

Edmondson-Jones and Titterington (2021) examined the

relationship between single-parent households and child
behavior problems. They found that children from
singleparent households tend to have more behavioral
problems than children from two-parent households.

Amato and Keith (2018) conducted a critical review of

the literature on the effects of single parenthood on child
behavior. They reviewed studies on the effects of single
parenthood on children's behavior and discussed the
implications of these findings for practice and policy. They
also found that children from single-parent families tend to
have more behavioral problems than children from two-parent
families.

Related studies

According to Dominic Schmuck, (2013). The literature

review examines the research on single parenting and its
impact on children's behavior. The current research suggests

that there is a correlation between single parenting and

behavioral problems in children. However, further
investigation revealed that traumatic events such as divorce
and separation may play a significant role in these negative
behaviors and are often not adequately considered in
research on single parenting. Studies that have controlled
for early childhood differences between children raised by
single and dual parents have not found any behavioral
differences between the two groups. The review also looked
at research on adopted children and found that there are no
behavioral differences between those raised by single or
dual parents. This suggests that single parenting itself may
not have as many negative effects on children as previously
believed by researchers in Western society. The reviewed
research indicates that single parents should not be overly
concerned about the potential negative effects of their
single parent status on their children's behavioral
development, specifically in Naga City.

Another, a study that investigates the relationship

between single motherhood and adolescent psychopathology and
the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to this
relationship. The study uses a community sample of diverse
adolescents and their mothers (N=385, 52% female, 48%
Caucasian) and hypothesizes that single mothers are more
likely than cohabitating mothers to engage in negative.

parenting behaviors, which would then predict adolescent

psychopathology prospectively. The results show that single
mothers are more likely to engage in psychologically
controlling behaviors, which are associated with higher
rates of depressive symptoms and externalizing disorders in
their adolescent offspring. Specifically, the study found
that girls are more susceptible to depressive symptoms
through psychologically controlling parenting in
singlemother families. Additionally, the study found that
single mothers are more likely to engage in rejecting
parenting behaviors, which is associated with a higher
prevalence of adolescent externalizing disorders. However,
it is also found that rejection in single-mother families
predicted less severe anxiety symptoms in adolescents as
compared to two-parent families. The study suggests that
single mothers are not inherently inferior parents but that
their parenting practices may be compromised by a range of
demands and stressors and that low socio-economic status is
associated with single motherhood and negative parenting
behaviors. The implications of these findings for clinical
practice and the limitations of the study are discussed in
relation to the
research study The Impact of Single Parenting on a Child’s

13 Behavioral Development in Naga City. (Issar Daryanai, 2017).

Consequently, another study by Susan Harkness, (2019).

Looked at how being raised by a single mother affects a

child's verbal cognitive ability at age 11, using data from

three groups of British children born in 1958, 1970, and
2000. The study found that the negative effects of single
motherhood on a child's cognitive ability were primarily due
to reduced economic and parental resources, rather than the
mother's single status itself. Results showed that children
born in 1958 and 1970 had lower cognitive abilities due to
these reduced resources, while children born in 2000 did not
show significant differences in cognitive ability.
Additionally, the study found that the negative effects were
less severe for children whose parents separated while the
child was still young or in school.
Thus, according to the study of Joyce G. Malima, (2016).
It aimed to examine the relationship between single
parenting and the academic performance of secondary school
students in Arusha city council. The study had four specific
goals: to find the causes of single parenting, to identify
the difficulties faced by single parents in relation to
students' academic performance, to suggest ways to overcome
these difficulties, and to determine the impact of single
parenting on students' academic performance. The study used
a survey design and collected data using quantitative
methods. The study sought to understand how single parenting
factors affect academic performance and the relationship.

Lastly, Lateef Omotosho Adegboyega, (2019). Research

examined the effect of single parenting on the emotional

development of primary school students as perceived by

Nigerian primary school teachers. The study used a
descriptive survey design and gathered data from 200 primary
school teachers. The research had one question and three
hypotheses that were tested using t-tests and Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 0.05. The
results showed that low self-esteem was the most significant
influence on the emotional development of primary school
students in Ilorin metropolis. The study also found that
there was no significant difference in the influence of
single parenting on emotional development based on gender or
qualification. The study recommends that teachers of
students from single-parent households should be more
attuned to their emotional needs and provide support, and
that counselors should work with teachers and parents to
minimize the negative impact of single parenting.
Furthermore, single parents are suggested to provide more
quality time with their children, maintain a stable home and
avoid negative behaviors.
 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research design

This study will employ a qualitative phenomenological

approach in exploring the lived experiences of Single

Parenting on a child’s Behavioral Development. According to

Creswell (2009), as cited by Diaz (2015), qualitative research

is a means of studying and comprehending how individuals or

groups see a social or human situation. Additionally, it is

the most frequently utilized approach for data collection via

organized, semi-structured, or unstructured interviews. All

data will be retrieved from the participants' locations.

Phenomenology has provided ways of considering the phenomena

of human experiences to the means of expressing them (Sloan
& Bowe, 2014). They also found out that phenomenology
employed as a research methodology allowed them to gather
the best description of the experiences of participants in
the context of their study. Besides, as a researcher, it is
important to understand that participants will expose
subjective and objective experiences. Furthermore, according
to Creswell (2013), phenomenological design is apt to be
used since there is a need to collect data through the
thoughts, opinions, or experiences of a small group of
people.

Respondents of the study

In this study, the participants are the Single Parent

living in Naga City.
The estimated number of participants are 30.

These 30 respondents will participate in our In-depth

Interview (IDI). This is in consonance with Creswell’s

(2013) idea of 10-30 participants is enough for qualitative
research. They will be chosen to best suit our goal to
understand their parenting experiences. In-depth Interview
(IDI) was the advisable method to use upon interviewing the
participants because of some restrictions in line with the
pandemic.

We will be going to utilize Purposive Sampling in the

study selecting participants. Creswell (2013) mentioned,
this works well when the individuals studied represents
people who have experience the phenomenon.

Research locale

The data that will be gathered in Naga city throughout

administering of the inquiry were examined to emerge with
conclusions to settle the problem of the inquiry. Analysis
of data in research involved outlining the mass of data

gathered and introducing the outcome in a way that communes

the primary features (Hancock et al., 2009 as cited by
Harding, 2013).

Following the transcription of the interview results among

the participants, the data analysis will be carried out.

Coding will be used to identify concepts and find relations

between the data collected from the responses of the

participants living in Naga City. It will be also use to link

ideas from this study's data to other ideas.

Data gathering procedures

Data procedures, means gaining permissions, conducting a

good qualitative sampling strategy, developing means for
recording information both digitally and on paper, storing
the data, and anticipating ethical issues that may arise.
Also, in the actual forms of data procedures, researchers
often opt for only conducting interviews and observations,
(Creswell, 2013).

As researchers, we will take rigorous steps in the data

collection procedure. We will engage in series of activities
in the process of collecting data before arriving to the
completion of the research.
 AMA Computer Learning Center Naga
4/F, Nagaland E Mall, Elias Angeles, Naga, 4400 Camarines Sur
S/Y 2022-2023

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

Good day!

We the students from HUMMS 12E of AMA Computer Learning

Center are conducting the study entitled “The Impact of Single
Parenting on a Child's Behavioral Development in Naga City.”
We are asking for your cooperation in responding to the items
of this questionnaire. The survey will only last for 5-10
minutes. Be informed that the content of your response will
be confidentially treated for study purposes only.

Your cooperation will be highly appreciated.

Thank you very much!

Respectfully Yours,

Researchers
 The Impact of Single Parenting
on a Child's Behavioral Development in Naga City

Greetings dear respondent, we the researchers are

conducting a study with its purpose of determining the
possible effects of single parenting to a child’s behavioral
development. The respondent is expected to show unbiased
response and to answer truthfully. Your responses will be
anonymous and will never be linked to you personally. Your
participation is entirely voluntary.

Thank you for your cooperation.

___________________________________________________________________
_____

I. Profile of the Respondents

Name (optional): __________________________
Age:____________ Gender:
_________________________________

II. SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS.

1.What are some challenges that single parents race in raising their
children and how do these challenges affects a child’s behavioral
development?

2. How does the absence of a second parent in a single-parent

household affect on a child’s social and emotional development?

3.What are some coping strategies that single parents can use to
help their children develop positive behaviors and adapt to their
family situation?

4. What are some long-term effects of a single parenting on a child’s

behavioral development, and how can we help children overcome these
challenges?

5. What are the common behavioral challenges that children from

single-parent households may face?
 The Impact of Single Parenting

On a Child’s Behavioral Development in Naga City

Name (optional): __________________________ Age: ____________

Gender: ___________________________________
II. YES OR NO
Direction: The questions that follow display the possible impacts
of single parenting on a child's behavioral development in Balatas
Naga City. Give each statement a Yes or No response, then mark the
box with a check ( ) next to your choice.

Questions Yes No

Do you have a low self-esteem?

Do you have good communication
skills?
Do you often socialize and get along
with others?
Can you form meaningful
relationships?
Can you express and manage your
feelings and emotions?
Are you motivated and performs well
in school?
Do you have other responsibilities
outside school?
Do you often experience financial
hardships?
Do you experience a lot of stress and
anxiety?
Do you have a negative outlook in
life?
III. LIKERT SCALE

Directions: Please check ( ) the corresponding box according to

what you have observed about single parenting’s impact on a child's
behavioral development in Naga City:
4 – Always
3 – Often
2 – Sometimes
1 – Never

Indicators Always Often Sometimes Never

Single parenting makes a

child more mature and
responsible.
Single parenting causes a
child to become more self-
reliant and independent.
Single parenting results to
the development of
attachment issues.
Children with single parent
fear abandonment, sadness,
and loneliness.
Single parenting leads to
mental and emotional health
concerns.
Children with single parents
are prone to depression and
self-harm.
Children under single
parenting have little
capacity for trust.
Single parenting influences
the risky behavior of a
child.
Children are more prone to
drug and alcohol addiction
under single parenting.
Children with single parents
are aggressive and
physically violent.
REFERENCES

Schmuck, Dominic (2013) "Single parenting: fewer

negative effects of children's behaviors than
claimed,"
Modern Psychological Studies: Vol. 18: No. 2, Article

12. Available at:

https://scholar.utc.edu/mps/vol18/iss2/12

Simard, J. (2017, September 25). Go Figure! JOJ

Single parenting. (n.d.). Single Parenting - Better

Health Channel. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthylivin
g
/single-parenting

How Does Single Parenting Affect a Child? (n.d.).

MedicineNet. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from
https://www.medicinenet.com/how_does_single_parenting_
a ffect_a_child/article.htm
M, K. (2015, September 22). 5 Advantages & 5

Disadvantages Of Single Parent Family. MomJunction.

Retrieved January 19, 2023, from
https://www.momjunction.com/articles/advantages-and-
disadvantages-of-single-parenting_00372990/
https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/bdb. (n.d.).
Retrieved January 19, 2023, from
https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/bdb

Norman, S. (1993, June 1). THE IMPORTANCE OF IT IN

WOMEN’S CAREER DEVELOPMENT. Librarian

Career Development, 1(2).

https://doi.org/10.1108/09680819310037780

Tapp, A., & Tandon, R. (1995, April). Depression in

schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 15(1–2), 22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(95)95080-s
Understanding children’s behaviour. (n.d.).

Understanding Children’s Behaviour. Retrieved January

19, 2023, from

https://www.education.vic.gov.au/childhood/providers/r
e gulation/Pages/understand_child_behaviour.aspx

Functions of behaviour - Parent to Parent. (n.d.).

Parent to Parent. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from

https://parent2parent.org.nz/resource-
hub/behaviouralfunctions/

https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/behavior/importantbe
havioral-development-milestones-in-childhood/. (n.d.).
Retrieved January 19, 2023, from
https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/behavior/important-

behavioral-development-milestones-in-childhood/

Daryanai, I., Hamilton, J. L., Abramson, L. Y., &

Alloy, L. B. (n.d.). Single Mother Parenting an Ad

olescent Psychopathology. PubMed Central (PMC).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC522606
 CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the results, the analysis and
interpretation of data gathered from the answers to the
questionnaires distributed to the field. The said data were
presented in tabular form in accordance with the specific
questions posited on the
statement of the problem.

1.Demographic Profile of Respondents

Table 1.1, Age Distributions of the Respondents

Age Frequency Rank Percentage

30 - 40 4 3 20.00

41- 50 7 2 35.00
51 - 65 9 1 45.00
Table 1.1, reveals information on the respondents age range.
Most of them fall into the age range 51-65 years old comprising
Forty Five percent (45%) and the lowest rank is Twenty percent
(20%) under the bracket of 30-40 years old. The findings imply
that the single parent respondents with the most number aged is
51-65 and the least is 30-40 years old.
1. 2 Distribution of respondents in terms of gender
Gender Frequency Rank Percentage

Male 1 2 5%
Female 19 1 95%

Table 1.2, presents the gender distribution of the respondents

in the study on the impact of single parenting on a child's
behavioral development in Balatas, Naga City. The data suggests
that a significant majority of the respondents were female (19)
compared to only one male respondent. This gender distribution
results in a rank of 1 for the female gender, indicating that
they were the most represented group, while the male gender
ranked 2, representing only 5% of the total respondents.
2. Impact of Single Parenting on a Child's Behavioral
Development in Naga City
2.1, Possible Impacts of Single Parenting on a Child's
Behavioral development in Naga City
Yes Percentage No Percentage
1. Do you have a low 17 85% 3 15%
self-esteem?
2. Do you have good 11 55% 9 45%
communication
skills?
3. Do you have often 13 65% 7 35%
socialize and get
along with others ?
4. Can you form 9 45% 11 55%
meaningful
relationships?
5. Can you express and 13 65% 7 35%
manage your
feelings? And
emotions?
6. Are you motivated 18 90% 2 10%
and performs well in
school?
7. Do you have other 10 50% 10 50%
responsibilities
outside school?
8. Do you often 18 90% 2 10%
experience financial
hardship?
9. Do you experience a 17 85% 3 15%
lot of stress and
anxiety?
10. Do you have a 17 85% 3 15%
negative outlook in
life?

Table 2.1 reveals potential impacts of single parenting on a

child's behavioral development in Balatas, Naga City. 20 single
parents, representing 100%, answered questions on behalf of
their child. Table 1.1 shows how many percent said "Yes" and
"No" to each question.
Table 2.2 Frequency of Single Parenting's Impact on a Child's
Behavioral Development in Naga City through Likert Scale
Responses.

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK

ALWAYS 63 30% 2
OFTEN 94 50% 1
SOMETIMES 27 10% 3
NEVER 10 5% 4
TOTAL: 194 100%

According to Table 2, 50% of the respondents answered

“Always” on the survey, 30% of the respondents answered “Often”,
10% of the respondents answered “Sometimes” and 10% of the
respondents answered “Never”. Therefore most of our respondent
answered “Always” on our survey questions. From the Semi-
Structured Interview Questions of the respondents, it is clear
that single-parent families in Naga City are comprised mostly of
women who are in their early adulthood and have attained an
education of high school or college level. It means that single
mothers in this city could be struggling to balance work and
parenting since they are working to provide the financial needs
of the family. Also, parents' educational attainment could
affect their child's behavioral development.
However, these findings suggest that further analysis is needed
to understand the impact of single-parenting on children's
behavioral development in Naga City. It is essential to obtain
and analyze data on factors such as family dynamics, parental
supervision, communication, and stress levels of single parents
to get a more comprehensive understanding of the issue.
 CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary
This chapter focuses on the research methodology employed to
gather valuable insights on the impact of single parenting
within the local community. The survey was conducted at the
Brgy. Hall, serving as a central location for engaging with 20
single parents and understanding their experiences. By visiting
the Brgy. Hall, we were able to reach out to a diverse group of
single parents residing in the area and gather comprehensive
data on their challenges, coping mechanisms, and the effects of
single parenting on their children's behavioral development.
This chapter will outline the survey design, data collection
process, as well as the analysis and interpretation of the
responses obtained, ultimately shedding light on the experiences
of single parents within the studied community.

Impact of Single Parent on a child’s behavioral development?

Findings
Findings suggest that children in single parent families
were more likely to exhibit aggression, anxiety, depression, and
other emotional and behavioral problems.The study results will
contribute to understanding the specific ways in which single
parenting can affect a childs behavioral development and shed
light on potential factors that could influence the outcomes

Conclusion
The study found that children raised in single parent
families in naga city are at a higher risk of developing
behavioral problems due to a lack of support, supervision, and
communication.
Recommendations
The access to affordable childcare improve access to
quality and affordable childcare services in Naga City to
alleviate the burden on single parents. Affordable and reliable
childcare can provide a safe stimulating environment for
children, while allowing single parents to work or pursue
educational opportunities.

How does single parenting affect children's behavioural

development?

Findings
The study’s findings showed that children with stable
and supportive relationships with their single parents have
better outcomes than those who do not have such relationships

Conclusion
The study indicated that a parent’s mental and
emotional well-being is a crucial factor that affects children’s
behavioral development in single parent families.

Recommendation
The Parenting Education offer parenting education
programs that specifically address the unique needs and
challenges of single parents. These programs can provide
guidance on effective parenting strategies, stress management,
communication skills, and building a strong support system.
 REFERENCES

• Single parenting: fewer negative effects of children's

behaviors than claimed," Modern Psychological Studies:

Vol. 18: No. 2, Article 12.

https://scholar.utc.edu/mps/vol18/iss2/12

• Go Figure! JOJ Nursing & Health Care.

https://doi.org/10.19080/jojnhc.2017.04.555645

• Single parenting. (n.d.). Single Parenting - Better

Health Channel. Retrieved

http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/s

ingle-parenting

• How Does Single Parenting Affect a Child? (n.d.).

MedicineNet. Retrieved

https://www.medicinenet.com/how_does_single_parenting_aff

ect_a_child/article.

• Understanding children’s behaviour. (n.d.). Understanding

Children’s Behaviour.

https://www.education.vic.gov.au/childhood/providers/regu

lation/Pages/understand_child_behaviour.aspx

• Single Mother Parenting and Adolescent Psychopathology.

PubMed Central (PMC).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5226056/
 APPENDIX A

SURVEY QUESTIONIANRES

AMA Computer Learning Center Naga

4/F, Nagaland E Mall, Elias Angeles, Naga, 4400 Camarines Sur
S/Y 2022-2023

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

Good day!

We, the Senior High school students of Grade 12- HUMSS from AMA
Computer Learning Center Naga are currently conducting research
entitled The Impact of Single Parenting on a child’s Behavioral
Development that aim to understand the impact of single parenting on a
child's behavioural development.
In order to accomplish our research objective, we would like to
ask you to be part of our survey as one of our respondents. The survey
will only last for about 5-10 minutes. Rest assured that the data
gathered will remain confidential and for academic purposes only. We
are hoping that this request will merit for your favourable approval.

Thank you!

Noted By:
Mary Jane S. Sumayao
School Registrar

Approved by:
Adrian C. Litam
School Director/ Principal
Respectfully yours,
Researchers
 APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONIANRE

AMA Computer Learning Center Naga

4/F, Nagaland E Mall, Elias Angeles, Naga, 4400 Camarines Sur

S/Y 2022-2023

Name (optional): __________________________ Age: ____________

Gender: ___________________________________
II. YES OR NO
Direction: The questions that follow display the possible impacts
of single parenting on a child's behavioral development in Balatas
Naga City. Give each statement a Yes or No response, then mark the
box with a check ( ) next to your choice.

Questions Yes No

Do you have a low self-esteem?

Do you have good communication
skills?
Do you often socialize and get along
with others?
Can you form meaningful
relationships?
Can you express and manage your
feelings and emotions?
Are you motivated and performs well
in school?
Do you have other responsibilities
outside school?
Do you often experience financial
hardships?
Do you experience a lot of stress and
anxiety?
Do you have a negative outlook in
life?
III. LIKERT SCALE

Directions: Please check ( ) the corresponding box according to

what you have observed about single parenting’s impact on a child's
behavioral development in Naga City:
4 – Always
3 – Often
2 – Sometimes
1 – Never

Indicators Always Often Sometimes Never

Single parenting makes a

child more mature and
responsible.
Single parenting causes a
child to become more self-
reliant and independent.
Single parenting results to
the development of
attachment issues.
Children with single parent
fear abandonment, sadness,
and loneliness.
Single parenting leads to
mental and emotional health
concerns.
Children with single parents
are prone to depression and
self-harm.
Children under single
parenting have little
capacity for trust.
Single parenting influences
the risky behavior of a
child.
Children are more prone to
drug and alcohol addiction
under single parenting.
Children with single parents
are aggressive and
physically violent.
Name (optional): __________________________ Age:____________
Gender: _________________________________

II. SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS.

1.What are some challenges that single parents race in raising

their children and how do these challenges affects a child’s
behavioral development?

2. How does the absence of a second parent in a single-parent

household affect on a child’s social and emotional development?

3.What are some coping strategies that single parents can use to
help their children develop positive behaviors and adapt to
their family situation?

4. What are some long-term effects of a single parenting on a

child’s behavioral development, and how can we help children
overcome these challenges?

5. What are the common behavioral challenges that children from

single-parent households may face?
 APPENDIX C

AMA Computer Learning Center Naga

4/F, Nagaland E Mall, Elias Angeles, Naga, 4400 Camarines Sur
S/Y 2022-2023

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

Good day!

We the students from HUMMS 12E of AMA Computer Learning Center

are conducting the study entitled “The Impact of Single Parenting
on a Child's Behavioral Development in Naga City.” We are asking
for your cooperation in responding to the items of this
questionnaire. The survey will only last for 5-10 minutes. Be
informed that the content of your response will be confidentially
treated for study purposes only.
Your cooperation will be highly appreciated.

Thank you very much!

Noted By:
Mary Jane S. Sumayao
School Registrar

Approved by:
Adrian C. Litam
School Director/ Principal

Respectfully Yours,

Researchers
DOCUMENTATION
Photos of the researchers while conducting
a survey in Brgy. Hall Balatas
 CURRICULUM VITAE

MECAELA B. BACUD
mecaelabenosa367@gmail.com
09461640939

PERSONAL DATA
_____________________________________________________________________________

Date of birth : June 11, 2004

Address : Zone 7 Abocado Street Balatas Camarines Sur
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Mother’s Name : Maria B. Bacud
Father’s Name : Ruben S. Bacud
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
_____________________________________________________________________________

Senior High School :

AMA COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER
Nagaland E Mall, Elias Angeles, Camarines Sur
S/Y 2022-2023

Secondary:
NAGA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES
Felix Plazo, Camarines Sur
S/Y 2019-2022

Elementary:
PINAMASAGAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
SanFernando , Camarines Sur
S/Y 2012- 2018
 CURRICULUM VITAE

JUSTINE FAE S. DE GUZMAN

deguzmanjustinefae@gmail.com
09773268737

PERSONAL DATA
_____________________________________________________________________________

Date of birth : November 26, 2003

Address : Sta. Lucia Magarao Camarines Sur
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Mother’s Name : Lilibeth S. De Guzman
Father’s Name : Gerry B. De Guzman

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
_____________________________________________________________________________

Senior High School :

AMA COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER
Nagaland E Mall, Elias Angeles, Camarines Sur
S/Y 2022-2023

Secondary:
CAMARINES SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Peñafrancia Avenue Naga City, Camarines Sur
S/Y 2019-2022

Elementary:
MAGARAO CENTRAL SCHOOL
Sta. Lucia Magarao Camarines Sur
S/Y 2012- 2018
 CURRICULUM VITAE

VICTOR JAMES P. MORAL

victorjamesoral@gmail.com
09095499450

PERSONAL DATA
_____________________________________________________________________________

Date of birth : September 4, 2003

Address : Zone 3 San Agustin Canaman
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Mother’s Name : Jeanette Moral
Father’s Name : Vicente Moral
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
_____________________________________________________________________________

Senior High School :

AMA COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER CENTER
Nagaland E Mall, Elias Angeles, Camarines Sur
S/Y 2022-2023

Secondary:
ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM
Dinaga, Canaman Camarines Sur
S/Y 2019-2022

Elementary:
NAGA CENTRAL SCHOOL 1
Jacob St. Peñafrancia Naga City
S/Y 2012- 2018
 DATA ANALYSIS

Gather data on the behavioral development of children in Naga City, categorized into two groups:
those from single-parent households and those from two-parent households. The data should include
variables such as academic performance, social skills, emotional well-being, and
externalizing/internalizing behaviors. Clean and organize the data. Check for missing values, outliers, and
any other data quality issues. Ensure that the data is properly formatted and ready for analysis.

Calculate descriptive statistics for each group, such as mean, median, standard deviation, and range. This
will provide an overview of the behavioral development indicators for both single-parent and two-parent
households. Formulate a hypothesis that compares the behavioral development of children in single-
parent households with those in two-parent households. Use appropriate statistical tests, such as t-tests
or chi-square tests, to determine if there are significant differences between the two groups.

Conduct correlation analysis to examine the relationships between various behavioral development
indicators and other relevant variables. For example, you could explore the association between
academic performance and the presence of a single parent. Perform regression analysis to identify any
significant predictors of behavioral development in children from single-parent households. This analysis
can help determine which factors, such as parental involvement, socioeconomic status, or support
systems, influence the child's outcomes.

Create visual representations, such as charts, graphs, or heatmaps, to present the findings. Visualizing
the data can help in understanding patterns, trends, and differences between single-parent and two-
parent households. Interpret the results of the data analysis and discuss the implications of the findings.
Address the overall impact of single parenting on a child's behavioral development in Naga City, including
potential challenges and opportunities for intervention or support.

Remember, the specific analysis techniques and steps may vary depending on the nature and availability
of the data. It is important to consult with experts in the field of data analysis or statistics to ensure the
validity and reliability of the analysis.